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#REDIRECT ] {{main|History of Estonia}}
{{Infobox Former Subdivision
|native_name = Eesti, Eestimaa
|conventional_long_name = Est(h)onia
|common_name = Estonia
|subdivision = Autonomous Governorate
|nation = the ] and the ]
|year_start = 1917
|event_start =
|date_start = ], ] (''autonomy'')
|year_end = 1918
|event_end =
|date_end = ], ] (''de jure'')<br>], ] (''de facto'')
|event_pre =
|date_pre =
|event_post =
|date_post =
|p1 = Reval Governorate
|flag_p1= Flag of Russia (bordered).svg
|p2 = Riga Governorate
|flag_p2= Flag of Russia (bordered).svg
|s1 = Estonia
|flag_s1 = Flag of Estonia (bordered).svg
|image_flag = Eestimaa värvid.svg
|image_coat = The Principality of Estland.jpg
|image_map = Rzeczpospolita 1920.png
|image_map_caption = Estland was located approximately on the later territory of ] (above, green), declared ], ].
|capital = ]
|political_subdiv=
}}

'''Estonia''' (also ''Estland'', {{lang-et|Eestimaa}}, ]: ''Ehstland'', {{lang-ru|Эстляндия}}) as an unified and separate political entity first emerged as a result of the ]. For most of its history, Estonia was divided between two states or provinces. The ] in the north corresponded to the historic ] ''(Eestimaa)''. Most Estonians however lived in ].<ref>]</ref> After the ] of 1917, the Reval Governorate was extended on ] (] ]) to include the native Estonian areas of northern Livonia. The ] also granted national autonomy to Estonia.

Elections for a provisional parliament, '']'' was organized, with the ] and ] fractions of the ] becoming the largest parties. On ], ], two days before the ] in ], Estonian Bolshevik leader ] led his ] insurgents to a coup in ], then the capital of Estland, and took political power in governate from governor ] at ]. On ] (November 15) 1917 the Menshevik dominated ''Maapäev'', refusing to recognize the new Bolshevik rule, proclaimed itself the supreme legal authority of Estonia. It was soon however disbanded by the the Bolsheviks. In 1918, elections for a ] were arranged, anti-Bolshevik parties again winning the majority.

In February, after the collapse of the peace talks between Soviet Russia and the ], mainland Estonia was occupied by the Germans. Bolshevik forces retreated to Russia. On ] ], one day before German forces entered Tallinn, the Elders of the ''Maapäev'' emerged from underground and made a formal declaration of independence of the ]. Although it took nearly 9 months for Estonia to be liberated from German occupation, this date is still celebrated as Estonia's independence day.

== See also ==
* ]
* ]
* ]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
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Revision as of 20:06, 27 May 2007

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Main article: History of Estonia
Est(h)oniaEesti, Eestimaa
Autonomous Governorate of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Russia
1917–1918
Flag of Estonia Flag Coat of arms of Estonia Coat of arms

Estland was located approximately on the later territory of Estonia (above, green), declared February 23, 1918.
CapitalTallinn
History 
• Established April 12, 1917 (autonomy) 1917
• Disestablished February 24, 1918 (de jure)
March 4, 1918 (de facto) 1918
Preceded by Succeeded by
Reval Governorate
Riga Governorate
Estonia

Estonia (also Estland, Template:Lang-et, Low German: Ehstland, Template:Lang-ru) as an unified and separate political entity first emerged as a result of the Russian Revolution of 1917. For most of its history, Estonia was divided between two states or provinces. The Reval Governorate in the north corresponded to the historic Estland (Eestimaa). Most Estonians however lived in Livonia. After the February Revolution of 1917, the Reval Governorate was extended on April 12 (March 30 Old Style) to include the native Estonian areas of northern Livonia. The Russian Provisional Government also granted national autonomy to Estonia.

Elections for a provisional parliament, Maapäev was organized, with the Menshevik and Bolshevik fractions of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party becoming the largest parties. On November 5, 1917, two days before the October Revolution in Saint Petersburg, Estonian Bolshevik leader Jaan Anvelt led his leftist insurgents to a coup in Tallinn, then the capital of Estland, and took political power in governate from governor Jaan Poska at November 9. On November 28 (November 15) 1917 the Menshevik dominated Maapäev, refusing to recognize the new Bolshevik rule, proclaimed itself the supreme legal authority of Estonia. It was soon however disbanded by the the Bolsheviks. In 1918, elections for a Constitutional Assembly were arranged, anti-Bolshevik parties again winning the majority.

In February, after the collapse of the peace talks between Soviet Russia and the German Empire, mainland Estonia was occupied by the Germans. Bolshevik forces retreated to Russia. On 23 February 1918, one day before German forces entered Tallinn, the Elders of the Maapäev emerged from underground and made a formal declaration of independence of the Republic of Estonia. Although it took nearly 9 months for Estonia to be liberated from German occupation, this date is still celebrated as Estonia's independence day.

See also

References

  1. 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica on Esthonia

External links

Categories: