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| '''Warmia''' (''Varmia''Latin, German '''Ermland''''' or ]) is a region between ] and ], since 1945 in northern ], together with Masuria it currently forms the ] region. | '''Warmia''' (''Varmia''Latin, German '''Ermland''''' or ]) is a region between ] and ], since 1945 in northern ], together with Masuria it currently forms the ] region. | ||
| Ermland's most famous citizen was the ] ] (of Varmia in Prussia, Germany), as the |
Ermland's most famous citizen was the ] ] (of Varmia in Prussia, Germany), as the describtion reads in his manuscript book . | ||
| Warmia (Latin name) was one of the four dioceses into which ] was divided in (1242) by the papal legate ]. The other dioceses, all four under the archbishop of ], were ], ] and ]. Warmia later became an exempt bishopric, ruled by ]s. Some of its most notable prince bishops were ] and Enea Silvio Piccolomini (long time secretary to emperor ]) and later ]. The Piccolomini family held imperial rank. | Warmia (Latin name) was one of the four dioceses into which ] was divided in (1242) by the papal legate ]. The other dioceses, all four under the archbishop of ], were ], ] and ]. Warmia later became an exempt bishopric, ruled by ]s. Some of its most notable prince bishops were ] and Enea Silvio Piccolomini (long time secretary to emperor ]) and later ]. The Piccolomini family held imperial rank. | ||
Revision as of 08:30, 4 August 2002
Warmia (VarmiaLatin, German Ermland or Ermeland) is a region between Pomerania and Masuria, since 1945 in northern Poland, together with Masuria it currently forms the Warminsko-Mazurskie region.
Ermland's most famous citizen was the astronomer Copernicus (of Varmia in Prussia, Germany), as the describtion reads in his manuscript book .
Warmia (Latin name) was one of the four dioceses into which Prussia was divided in (1242) by the papal legate William of Modena. The other dioceses, all four under the archbishop of Riga, were Culmer Land, Pomesania and Samland. Warmia later became an exempt bishopric, ruled by Prince Bishops. Some of its most notable prince bishops were Lucas Watzenrode and Enea Silvio Piccolomini (long time secretary to emperor Frederick III) and later Pope Pius II. The Piccolomini family held imperial rank.
In 1755 the imperial mapmaker of Elbing,Johann Friedrich Endersch completed work on a beautiful map of Ermland or Warmia. It details all surrounding towns.
Located in a region , which is said to be marked by the frequently changing boundaries between Prussia and Poland, it is said that Warmia passed with much of western Prussia from the rule of the Teutonic Order to Polish sovereignty under the Second Treaty of Thorn in 1466, while it actually was an exempt bishopric, ruled by prince bishops.
In 1772, this land was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia at the time of the first under Frederick the Great, who named the eastern part of Prussia, East Prussia (Ostpreussen). East Prussia, now a province of the State of Prussia, in 1871 led the unification of the German Reich, after the destruction of the Holy Roman Empire by Napoleon.
One Polish-American claims,that the end of World War II saw the killing of many Polish settlers (deported from Polish lands overtaken by Soviet Union) at the hands of the Wehrwolf, a German paramilitary organization devoted to fighting and killing Polish civilians. The group was largely supported by original German population, especially the clergy, which resulted in the expulsion of much of the East Prussian population by Polish and Soviet troops. Wehrwolf was active in every region of the Polish "Recovered Lands", earning for itself a very bad fame, by never attacking any military targets."
The fact is, that the Soviet Union and Soviet Poland had overrun Ermland and installed Polish government in March 1945, before the end of the war May 8, 1945. This Soviet Russia and Soviet Polish new "government" ran across the country several "clean-sweeps". The ethnic cleansing, as "resettlements" they were officially sanctioned by the Allies (Soviet Union, Great Britain, USA) at the Potsdam Conference, were ongoing for several months and years.
Communist Poland 'resettled' Ukrainian, Belorusan and Poles from the Curzon line and moved them onto German land east of the Oder-Neisse line including Ermland. These ruthless enforcer units included para-military as well as civilian units of Soviet Poles and Soviet Russians specifically selected because of their Polish names, all under Soviet orders. They expelled the German population and completely took over their land, while the Potsdam Conference called for administration. Despite greatest hardships, some of the Prussian German population of Ermland managed to stay in their homeland.
After the break-up of the Soviet Union, a monument memorializing the dead was erected in September 2001. This memorial, inscribed in Polish and German, is located near Olsztyn (Ger. Allenstein).
External Links
- Memorial website, listing names of the dead: ]
- External link to Endersch's map: ]