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⚫ | The '''Hotaki''' dynasty (1709-1738) was founded by '''Mir Wais''', an ethnic ] (''Afghan'') from Kandahar. Mir Wais and his followers rose against the ] ] rule starting in the city of ] in 1709. Mirwais began his rule by killing ], the ]-born governor of Kandahar province, who was representing the Persian kings. Next, Mir Wais ordered the deaths of the remaining Persian government officials in the region. The Afghans then defeated the entire Persian army that was dispatched from ] (capital of the Safavid Empire). | ||
⚫ | Mir Wais Hotaki died peacefully in 1715 from natural cause and was succeeded by his son ], who later led an army to invade Persia. In 1722, Mir Mahmud sacked the city of Isfahan and declared himself ] (meaning ''King of Persia''). However, the great majority still rejected the Afghan regime as usurping. The Hotaki dynasty was a troubled and violent one as internecine conflict made it difficult to establish permanent control. The dynasty lived under great turmoil due to bloody succession feuds that made their hold on power tenuous, and after the massacre of thousands of civilians in Isfahan by the Afghans, including more than three thousand religious scholars, nobles, and members of the Safavid family – the Hotaki dynasty was eventually removed.<ref>Prof. D. Balland, ''"Ašraf <u>Gh</u>ilzai"'', in ], Online Edition 2006, ()</ref><ref>Encyclopaedia Britannica - ''The Hotakis (from Afghanistan)''...</ref> In October 1729, they were defeated by ], head of the ], in the ] and pushed back to what is now southern Afghanistan. | ||
The '''Hotaki dynasty''' (1709-1738) was founded by ], an ethnic ].<ref>{{cite book | |||
| author = a Swedish Officer who, for many Years, was Domestick Slave to Miri-Ways | |||
| title = The Persian Cromwell: Being An Account of the Life and Surprizing Atchievements and Successes of Miri-Ways, Great Duke of Candahar and Protector of the Persian Empire | |||
| publisher = London: Printed for W. Mears and J. Roberts | |||
| date = 1724 | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
| author = a Swedish Officer who, for many Years, was Domestick Slave to Miri-Ways | |||
| title = The Persian Cromwell: Being An Account of the Life and Surprizing Atchievements and Successes of Miri-Ways, Great Duke of Candahar and Protector of the Persian Empire | |||
| publisher = London: Printed for W. Mears and J. Roberts | |||
| date = 1724 | |||
}}</ref> – including more than three thousand religious scholars, nobles, and members of the Safavid family – the Hotaki dynasty was eventually removed.<ref>Prof. D. Balland, ''"Ašraf <u>Gh</u>ilzai"'', in ], Online Edition 2006, ()</ref><ref>Encyclopaedia Britannica - ''The Hotakis (from Afghanistan)''...</ref> In October 1729, they were defeated by ], head of the ], in the ] and pushed back to what is now Afghanistan. | |||
Modern-day Hotakis have been Pashtunized and are known as Pashtuns. | |||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
*] | |||
*] | *] | ||
*] | *] | ||
== References and footnotes == | == References and footnotes == | ||
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<div class="references-small"><references /></div> | <div class="references-small"><references /></div> | ||
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{{Afghanistan-stub}} | {{Afghanistan-stub}} | ||
{{Iran-stub}} | {{Iran-stub}} | ||
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] | ] |
Revision as of 00:07, 21 August 2007
The Hotaki dynasty (1709-1738) was founded by Mir Wais, an ethnic Pashtun (Afghan) from Kandahar. Mir Wais and his followers rose against the Persian Safavid rule starting in the city of Kandahar in 1709. Mirwais began his rule by killing Gurgin Khan, the Georgian-born governor of Kandahar province, who was representing the Persian kings. Next, Mir Wais ordered the deaths of the remaining Persian government officials in the region. The Afghans then defeated the entire Persian army that was dispatched from Isfahan (capital of the Safavid Empire).
Mir Wais Hotaki died peacefully in 1715 from natural cause and was succeeded by his son Mir Mahmud Hotaki, who later led an army to invade Persia. In 1722, Mir Mahmud sacked the city of Isfahan and declared himself Shah of Persia (meaning King of Persia). However, the great majority still rejected the Afghan regime as usurping. The Hotaki dynasty was a troubled and violent one as internecine conflict made it difficult to establish permanent control. The dynasty lived under great turmoil due to bloody succession feuds that made their hold on power tenuous, and after the massacre of thousands of civilians in Isfahan by the Afghans, including more than three thousand religious scholars, nobles, and members of the Safavid family – the Hotaki dynasty was eventually removed. In October 1729, they were defeated by Nader Shah, head of the Afsharids, in the Battle of Damghan and pushed back to what is now southern Afghanistan.
See also
References and footnotes
- Prof. D. Balland, "Ašraf Ghilzai", in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition 2006, (LINK)
- Encyclopaedia Britannica - The Hotakis (from Afghanistan)...Link
External links
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