Superman (Earth-Two): Difference between revisions

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	{{~~Dablink~~\|"Kal-L~~" redirects here. For~~ the mainstream representation of the character, Kal-El~~, see ].~~}}		{{Redirect\|Kal-L\|the mainstream representation of the character\|Kal-El}}

	{{Superherobox <!--Misplaced Pages:WikiProject Comics-->		{{Superherobox <!--Misplaced Pages:WikiProject Comics-->
	\| image = ]		\| image = ]
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	'''Kal-L''' is the Kryptonian birth name of the '''] ]''', a ] and a ] in the '']'' ].		'''Kal-L''' is the Kryptonian birth name of the '''] ]''', a ] and a ] in the '']'' ].

		⚫	== Fictional character history ==

		⚫	When the ] came to a close in the 1950s, most of ]' superhero comic books ceased to exist. The commencement of the ] saw characters such as ] and ] revamped for more modern times, ignoring or abandoning established continuity and thus creating a clean break between the two eras. It was later established that the Golden Age heroes and Silver Age heroes lived on Earth-Two and Earth-One respectively, separate parallel Earths in a single ].
⚫	==Fictional character history==
⚫	When the ] came to a close in the 1950s, most of ]' superhero comic books ceased to exist. The commencement of the ] saw characters such as ~~the~~ ] and ] revamped for more modern times, ignoring or abandoning established continuity and thus creating a clean break between the two eras. It was later established that the Golden Age heroes and Silver Age heroes lived on Earth-Two and Earth-One respectively, separate parallel Earths in a single ].

	However, Superman was one of the few exceptions; his stories had been published without interruption since his debut in 1938's '']'' #1. This caused a continuity problem, specifically that Superman was a simultaneously a member of the ] on Earth-Two ''and'' a member of the revamped "]" on Earth-One. Thus, in ''Justice League of America'' #73 (1969) it was established that there were two Supermen. The "current", Silver Age Superman was Kal-El, from Earth-One, while the Golden Age Superman was '''Kal-L''', from Earth-Two.		However, Superman was one of the few exceptions; his stories had been published without interruption since his debut in 1938's '']'' #1. This caused a continuity problem, specifically that Superman was a simultaneously a member of the ] on Earth-Two ''and'' a member of the revamped "]" on Earth-One. Thus, in ''Justice League of America'' #73 (1969) it was established that there were two Supermen. The "current", Silver Age Superman was Kal-El, from Earth-One, while the Golden Age Superman was '''Kal-L''', from Earth-Two.
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	Several minor differences between the two Supermen were established to make the distinction clearer. The names "Kal-El", "]" and "]" on Earth-One became "Kal-L", "Jor-L" and "John and Mary Kent" on Earth-Two. Kal-L's S-shield symbol was slightly different. Stories featuring both Supermen also indicated that Kal-L was the older of the two, being depicted as late middle-aged with greying hair at the temples, while his Earth-One counterpart was a youthful man of modern times.		Several minor differences between the two Supermen were established to make the distinction clearer. The names "Kal-El", "]" and "]" on Earth-One became "Kal-L", "Jor-L" and "John and Mary Kent" on Earth-Two. Kal-L's S-shield symbol was slightly different. Stories featuring both Supermen also indicated that Kal-L was the older of the two, being depicted as late middle-aged with greying hair at the temples, while his Earth-One counterpart was a youthful man of modern times.

	This not only allowed DC Comics to bring Superman's Golden Age stories back into continuity, but also led them to experiment with a Superman who wasn't the mainstream one. Thus, several differences between Kal-L and the more well-known Kal-El were introduced. Kal-L eventually revealed his dual identities of ] and ] to the woman he loved, the ], and they got married,<ref>Flashback in '']'' #484, 1978</ref>. Their early marital life was depicted in the feature "Mr. & Mrs. Superman" in DC's '']'' series.		This not only allowed DC Comics to bring Superman's Golden Age stories back into continuity, but also led them to experiment with a Superman who wasn't the mainstream one. Thus, several differences between Kal-L and the more well-known Kal-El were introduced. Kal-L eventually revealed his dual identities of ] and ] to the woman he loved, the ], and they got married,<ref>Flashback in '']'' #484, 1978</ref> Their early marital life was depicted in the feature "Mr. & Mrs. Superman" in DC's '']'' series.

	].\|]]		].]]

	===Allies===		=== Allies ===

	As Superman, Kal-L was considered to be the first superhero in Earth-Two's history, being the first individual to appear in a colorful costume and display superhuman abilities. He fought against evil, at first on a local level in his base of operations, the American city of ]; later in his career, he would consider first the entire ], and then the whole world under his protection. In November 1940, Superman became a founding member of the ] (''DC Special'' #29, 1977). He was referred to as an "honorary member" along with ] during the Justice Society's original meeting. He subsequently appeared in two published adventures with this team during the 1940s and aided them on several other occasions retroactively as a member of the ] organization known as the ]. He built a Secret Citadel in the mountains outside of Metropolis as his headquarters; however, as shown in '']'', Superman eventually built a ] comparable to that of his Earth-One counterpart.		As Superman, Kal-L was considered to be the first superhero in Earth-Two's history, being the first individual to appear in a colorful costume and display superhuman abilities. He fought against evil, at first on a local level in his base of operations, the American city of ]; later in his career, he would consider first the entire ], and then the whole world under his protection. In November 1940, Superman became a founding member of the ] (''DC Special'' #29, 1977). He was referred to as an "honorary member" along with ] during the Justice Society's original meeting. He subsequently appeared in two published adventures with this team during the 1940s and aided them on several other occasions retroactively as a member of the ] organization known as the ]. He built a Secret Citadel in the mountains outside of Metropolis as his headquarters; however, as shown in '']'', Superman eventually built a ] comparable to that of his Earth-One counterpart.

	In later years, he was considered an "elder statesman" of Earth-Two's superhero community, the one that later generations of superheroes looked to as an example and role model (''All Star Comics'' #69, Nov.-Dec. 1977). In his secret identity as Clark Kent, Superman also enjoyed success at the ''Daily Star'', of which he was appointed editor-in-chief in the 1950s, replacing George Taylor.		In later years, he was considered an "elder statesman" of Earth-Two's superhero community, the one that later generations of superheroes looked to as an example and role model (''All Star Comics'' #69, Nov.-Dec. 1977). In his secret identity as Clark Kent, Superman also enjoyed success at the ''Daily Star'', of which he was appointed editor-in-chief in the 1950s, replacing George Taylor.

	===Adversaries===		=== Adversaries ===

	Superman faced a variety of ~~supervillains~~ throughout the years, including ], the ], the ], ], ], ], the ], ], the ], the ], and the ].		Superman faced a variety of ]s throughout the years, including ], the ], the ], ], ], ], the ], ], the ], the ], and the ].

	In order to track down a supply of Kryptonite in Metropolis, Superman invented and assumed the identity of the criminal Flying Tiger, accompanied by his wife who assumed the identity of "Kitty" his sidekick. Shortly thereafter, a duplicate of his Flying Tiger persona with identical abilities was created by ], whom Superman defeated with Kryptonite captured from his sting operation. Another adversary, later turned ally, was Clark's co-worker ] in her identity as the ].		In order to track down a supply of Kryptonite in Metropolis, Superman invented and assumed the identity of the criminal Flying Tiger, accompanied by his wife who assumed the identity of "Kitty" his sidekick. Shortly thereafter, a duplicate of his Flying Tiger persona with identical abilities was created by ], whom Superman defeated with Kryptonite captured from his sting operation. Another adversary, later turned ally, was Clark's co-worker ] in her identity as the ].

	===Fellow Kryptonians===		=== Fellow Kryptonians ===

	In 1950, Superman encountered three other surviving Kryptonians known as U-Ban, Kizo, and Mala. All three brothers were members of the ruling scientific counsel exiled from Krypton after they attempted to conquer the planet. Imprisoned in suspended animation tube vessels, they were freed in ''Superman'' vol. 1, #65 (Jul/Aug 1950) in the story "Three Supermen from Krypton!" Later, in ''Action Comics'' #194 (Jul 1954) in the story "The Outlaws from Krypton", Superman's lookalike Mala created a counterfeit Earth (a precursor of the ]/]).		In 1950, Superman encountered three other surviving Kryptonians known as U-Ban, Kizo, and Mala. All three brothers were members of the ruling scientific counsel exiled from Krypton after they attempted to conquer the planet. Imprisoned in suspended animation tube vessels, they were freed in ''Superman'' vol. 1, #65 (Jul/Aug 1950) in the story "Three Supermen from Krypton!" Later, in ''Action Comics'' #194 (Jul 1954) in the story "The Outlaws from Krypton", Superman's lookalike Mala created a counterfeit Earth (a precursor of the ]/]).

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	The Symbioship provided non-living virtual copies of Zor-L, Alura and fellow Kryptonians from within her home city of Kandor. Once removed from the ship, this virtual reality ceases to exist. Only Power Girl was known to interact with this Kryptonian reality.		The Symbioship provided non-living virtual copies of Zor-L, Alura and fellow Kryptonians from within her home city of Kandor. Once removed from the ship, this virtual reality ceases to exist. Only Power Girl was known to interact with this Kryptonian reality.

	===''Crisis on Infinite Earths''===		=== ''Crisis on Infinite Earths'' ===
	{{main\|Crisis on Infinite Earths}}		{{main\|Crisis on Infinite Earths}}

	The reality that was Earth-Two was retroactively erased from existence in 1985's landmark DC Comics series '']'', where the "Multiverse", the collection of several alternate realities where all DC characters existed, was destroyed by the ], and five realities which had been saved were merged into a single reality combining their histories, with Earth-One having predominance in conflicting points. Thus, history remembered Kal-El, but not Kal-L; Lee Travis (the first ]) became the new reality's first costumed hero, now after being shown a vision of Kal-El's future heroism before the start of his career (keeping a Superman as the inspiration for Earth's superheroes in the new reality as well).		The reality that was Earth-Two was retroactively erased from existence in 1985's landmark DC Comics series '']'', where the "Multiverse", the collection of several alternate realities where all DC characters existed, was destroyed by the ], and five realities which had been saved were merged into a single reality combining their histories, with Earth-One having predominance in conflicting points. Thus, history remembered Kal-El, but not Kal-L; Lee Travis (the first ]) became the new reality's first costumed hero, now after being shown a vision of Kal-El's future heroism before the start of his career (keeping a Superman as the inspiration for Earth's superheroes in the new reality as well).

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	In the 1999 miniseries '']'', it was revealed that Kal-L now desired to escape their paradise, feeling it to be more of a prison than a refuge. Though Kal-L ultimately decided not to leave the "other place" at that time, it was also revealed that he was aware of a "door", a way out that presumably would not cause the destruction of the outside universe's reality.		In the 1999 miniseries '']'', it was revealed that Kal-L now desired to escape their paradise, feeling it to be more of a prison than a refuge. Though Kal-L ultimately decided not to leave the "other place" at that time, it was also revealed that he was aware of a "door", a way out that presumably would not cause the destruction of the outside universe's reality.

	===''Infinite Crisis''===		=== ''Infinite Crisis'' ===
	{{main\|Infinite Crisis}}		{{main\|Infinite Crisis}}

	In the first issue of ''Infinite Crisis'', it was revealed that Kal-L and his three companions have been observing the post-Crisis DC Universe from their paradise. Kal-L in particular is revealed at the end of the issue to have been the "narrator" commenting on the events of the story.		In the first issue of ''Infinite Crisis'', it was revealed that Kal-L and his three companions have been observing the post-Crisis DC Universe from their paradise. Kal-L in particular is revealed at the end of the issue to have been the "narrator" commenting on the events of the story.

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	Earth-Two's Lois Lane's touch then somehow restores Power Girl's Pre-Crisis memories. The issue ends with Kal-L telling Power Girl that his intent is to somehow bring back Earth-Two. In the third issue, he tries to enlist ]'s aid, saying that Batman's distrust of the heroes is caused by the darker nature of Earth-One, and promising that he will always stand by Bruce when the 'right' Earth returns. Batman, however, is not convinced, asking Kal-L if the ] of this Earth is a corrupted version of Kal-L's one, and attempts to use the ] ring against him. Kal-L destroys the ring easily, but, as he departs, he has been left with something to think about.		Earth-Two's Lois Lane's touch then somehow restores Power Girl's Pre-Crisis memories. The issue ends with Kal-L telling Power Girl that his intent is to somehow bring back Earth-Two. In the third issue, he tries to enlist ]'s aid, saying that Batman's distrust of the heroes is caused by the darker nature of Earth-One, and promising that he will always stand by Bruce when the 'right' Earth returns. Batman, however, is not convinced, asking Kal-L if the ] of this Earth is a corrupted version of Kal-L's one, and attempts to use the ] ring against him. Kal-L destroys the ring easily, but, as he departs, he has been left with something to think about.

	]		]

	It is implied at the end of the issue, when Power Girl is knocked out by Superboy-Prime because of discovering Alexander Luthor Jr.'s tuning fork, that Kal-L is actually an unwitting pawn of Alexander, whose purposes appear to be darker than originally implied (as it is revealed that he is the ] impostor acting as the leader of ]).		It is implied at the end of the issue, when Power Girl is knocked out by Superboy-Prime because of discovering Alexander Luthor Jr.'s tuning fork, that Kal-L is actually an unwitting pawn of Alexander, whose purposes appear to be darker than originally implied (as it is revealed that he is the ] impostor acting as the leader of ]).

	Alexander's true goal is revealed to be restoring the Multiverse to search for a perfect Earth, using Kal-L as some sort of tuning device for his machinations. (In a ] reference to the history of American comics, Alex says that "Everything comes from Superman".) Alexander succeeds in bringing about the return of a version of Earth-Two separate from the current Earth, where Kal-L and his wife (along with other heroes formerly from Earth-Two) are transported.		Alexander's true goal is revealed to be restoring the Multiverse to search for a perfect Earth, using Kal-L as some sort of tuning device for his machinations. (In a ] reference to the history of American comics, Alex says that "Everything comes from Superman".) Alexander succeeds in bringing about the return of a version of Earth-Two separate from the current Earth, where Kal-L and his wife (along with other heroes formerly from Earth-Two) are transported.

	Soon after their transportation, Lois Lane finally dies, telling Kal-L that she was happy to have lived such a long life before she does. Kal-El hears Kal-L's screams of sorrow from the current Earth and investigates. Upon his arrival Kal-L attacks him, blaming him for bringing corruption to Earth-Two as he did on his native Earth. Their blows are so powerful, they somehow force each of the Supermen to see visions of realities where they live each others' lives. Both of them, however, are unable to survive in each other's worlds; Kal-El finds life in Earth-Two so simple that he sees no need to truly push himself, and he is quickly killed by the Anti-Monitor, while Kal-L's refusal to adapt to Earth-One, instead trying to force it to adapt to ''him'', results in a mass supervillain uprising that destroys all life on Earth (these events were depicted in '']'' # 5, '']'' # 226, '']'' # 836, and ''] # 649).		Soon after their transportation, Lois Lane finally dies, telling Kal-L that she was happy to have lived such a long life before she does. Kal-El hears Kal-L's screams of sorrow from the current Earth and investigates. Upon his arrival Kal-L attacks him, blaming him for bringing corruption to Earth-Two as he did on his native Earth. Their blows are so powerful, they somehow force each of the Supermen to see visions of realities where they live each others' lives. Both of them, however, are unable to survive in each other's worlds; Kal-El finds life in Earth-Two so simple that he sees no need to truly push himself, and he is quickly killed by the Anti-Monitor, while Kal-L's refusal to adapt to Earth-One, instead trying to force it to adapt to ''him'', results in a mass supervillain uprising that destroys all life on Earth (these events were depicted in '']'' # 5, '']'' # 226, '']'' # 836, and ''] # 649).
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	As Superboy-Prime is imprisoned by members of the Green Lantern Corps, Kal-L dies in the arms of Power Girl. As she begs him not to leave her, Kal-L assures her that he'll always be with her, even if she can't see him. Enigmatically, he says that "It's never going to end... for us", and says that, someday, she'll see that they're still out there. He then dies just after whispering his last word, "Lois."		As Superboy-Prime is imprisoned by members of the Green Lantern Corps, Kal-L dies in the arms of Power Girl. As she begs him not to leave her, Kal-L assures her that he'll always be with her, even if she can't see him. Enigmatically, he says that "It's never going to end... for us", and says that, someday, she'll see that they're still out there. He then dies just after whispering his last word, "Lois."

	==Powers and abilities==		== Powers and abilities ==
	{{main\|Powers and abilities of Superman}}		{{main\|Powers and abilities of Superman}}

	Superman ~~had~~ super-strength, the power of flight, super-speed, super-breath, arctic breath, super-hearing, super-vision (including X-ray, heat, microscopic and telescopic visions), and invulnerability to any force other than magic, psionics, and Kryptonite. An additional ability he possessed which his modern day counterpart didn't was an ability to "mold" his face to disguise himself, as chronicled in several Silver Age and modern day tales.		Superman has super-strength, the power of flight, super-speed, super-breath, arctic breath, super-hearing, super-vision (including X-ray, heat, microscopic and telescopic visions), and invulnerability to any force other than magic, psionics, and Kryptonite. An additional ability he possessed which his modern day counterpart didn't was an ability to "mold" his face to disguise himself, as chronicled in several Silver Age and modern day tales.

	Originally<ref>{{Comic book reference \| Writer = Bates, Cary \| Artist = Swan, Curt \| Story = Two Men of Tomorrow \| Title = Action Comics \| Volume = \| Issue = 484 \| date = June 1978 \| Publisher = DC Comics \| Page = 23 \| Panel = \| ID = }}</ref> he was significantly weaker than the Silver Age Superman of Earth-One; it was later revealed his powers took longer to develop or be discovered.<ref>{{Comic book reference \| Writer = Bates, Cary \| Artist = Swan, Curt \| Story = Two Men of Tomorrow \| Title = Action Comics \| Volume = \| Issue = 484 \| date = June 1978 \| Publisher = DC Comics \| Page = 23 \| Panel = \| ID = }}</ref> While he initially could only leap an eighth of a mile, Superman soon gained full-fledged flight by the early 1940s. By the time Kal-L met Kal-El in the late 1960s,<ref>{{Comic book reference \| Writer = O'Neil, Denny \| Artist = Dillin, Dick \| Story = Where Death Fears to Tread \| Title = Justice League of America \| Volume = 1 \| Issue = 74 \| date = September 1969 \| Publisher = DC Comics \| Page = \| Panel = \| ID = }}</ref> the two heroes were almost evenly matched in terms of power levels. However, some later renditions<ref>{{Comic book reference \| Writer = Wolfman, Marv \| Artist = Giordano, Dick \| Story = Crisis on Three Earths! \| Title = DC Comics Presents Annual \| Volume = \| Issue = 1 \| Date = 1982 \| Publisher = DC Comics \| Page = \| Panel = \| ID = }}</ref> of Superman showed him exhibiting his more limited abilities including reliance for a time in his leaping ability while allied with the Justice Society on a case involving his cousin Power Girl and the immortal criminal ].<ref>{{Comic book reference \| Writer = Levitz, Paul \| Artist = Wood, Wally \| Story = The Return of Vandal Savage! \| Title = All Star Comics \| Volume = \| Issue = 65 \| Date = March-April 1977 \| Publisher = DC Comics \| Page = \| Panel = \| ID = }}</ref>		Originally,<ref>{{Comic book reference \| Writer = Bates, Cary \| Artist = Swan, Curt \| Story = Two Men of Tomorrow \| Title = Action Comics \| Volume = \| Issue = 484 \| date = June 1978 \| Publisher = DC Comics \| Page = 23 \| Panel = \| ID = }}</ref> he was significantly weaker than the Silver Age Superman of Earth-One; it was later revealed his powers took longer to develop or be discovered.<ref>{{Comic book reference \| Writer = Bates, Cary \| Artist = Swan, Curt \| Story = Two Men of Tomorrow \| Title = Action Comics \| Volume = \| Issue = 484 \| date = June 1978 \| Publisher = DC Comics \| Page = 23 \| Panel = \| ID = }}</ref> While he initially could only leap an eighth of a mile, Superman soon gained full-fledged flight by the early ]. By the time Kal-L met Kal-El in the late ],<ref>{{Comic book reference \| Writer = O'Neil, Denny \| Artist = Dillin, Dick \| Story = Where Death Fears to Tread \| Title = Justice League of America \| Volume = 1 \| Issue = 74 \| date = September 1969 \| Publisher = DC Comics \| Page = \| Panel = \| ID = }}</ref> the two heroes were almost evenly matched in terms of power levels. However, some later renditions<ref>{{Comic book reference \| Writer = Wolfman, Marv \| Artist = Giordano, Dick \| Story = Crisis on Three Earths! \| Title = DC Comics Presents Annual \| Volume = \| Issue = 1 \| Date = 1982 \| Publisher = DC Comics \| Page = \| Panel = \| ID = }}</ref> of Superman showed him exhibiting his more limited abilities including reliance for a time in his leaping ability while allied with the Justice Society on a case involving his cousin Power Girl and the immortal criminal ].<ref>{{Comic book reference \| Writer = Levitz, Paul \| Artist = Wood, Wally \| Story = The Return of Vandal Savage! \| Title = All Star Comics \| Volume = \| Issue = 65 \| Date = March-April 1977 \| Publisher = DC Comics \| Page = \| Panel = \| ID = }}</ref>

	Based on Superman's first origin and subsequent reference by U-Ban, this Superman came come from a race of Kryptonians that inherently possessed superhuman strength, leaping ability, and some visual aptitudes while on that planet to compensate for its greater gravitation pull. As with Kal-El, Kal-L's powers fluctuated when under a red sun as noted in ''Infinite Crisis'' and ''All-Star Comics''.		Based on Superman's first origin and subsequent reference by U-Ban, this Superman came come from a race of Kryptonians that inherently possessed superhuman strength, leaping ability, and some visual aptitudes while on that planet to compensate for its greater gravitation pull. As with Kal-El, Kal-L's powers fluctuated when under a red sun as noted in ''Infinite Crisis'' and ''All-Star Comics''.

	==Alternate versions==		== Alternate versions ==

	In the final issue of '']'', a new Multiverse is revealed, originally consisting of 52 identical realities. Among the parallel realities shown is one designated "Earth-2". As a result of ] "eating" aspects of this reality, it takes on visual aspects similar to the pre-Crisis Earth-2, including Superman among other Justice Society of America characters. The names of the characters and the team are not mentioned in the panel in which they appear, but the Superman, by context, could be a variation of Kal-L.<ref>		In the final issue of '']'', a new Multiverse is revealed, originally consisting of 52 identical realities. Among the parallel realities shown is one designated "Earth-2". As a result of ] "eating" aspects of this reality, it takes on visual aspects similar to the pre-Crisis Earth-2, including Superman among other Justice Society of America characters. The names of the characters and the team are not mentioned in the panel in which they appear, but the Superman, by context, could be a variation of Kal-L.<ref>
	{{Comic book reference \| title=] \| issue=52 \| date=May 2, 2007 \| publisher=] \| page=13 \| panel=3 }}</ref>		{{Comic book reference \| title=] \| issue=52 \| date=May 2, 2007 \| publisher=] \| page=13 \| panel=3 }}</ref>
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	}}</ref>		}}</ref>

	==Other media==		== Other media ==

	In the '']'' episode "Legends", the League team up with the "]", an analogue of the ]. JGA member Tom Turbine is a cross between Kal-L and the ].		In the '']'' episode "Legends", the League team up with the "]", an analogue of the ]. JGA member Tom Turbine is a cross between Kal-L and the ].

	The 2006 video games '']'' and '']'' both feature Kal-L in a fashion, with his suit serving as an alternate costume for the Superman character.		The 2006 video games '']'' and '']'' both feature Kal-L in a fashion, with his suit serving as an alternate costume for the Superman character.

			== References ==
	==Notes and references==
	{{~~reflist~~}}		{{Reflist}}

	==See also==		== See also ==

	*]		* ]

		⚫	== External links ==

⚫	==External links==
	*		*

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Revision as of 16:54, 7 October 2007

"Kal-L" redirects here. For the mainstream representation of the character, see Kal-El. Comics character

Superman
File:IC01Last.pngKal-L. Also pictured; Earth-Two's Lois Lane, Superboy-Prime, and Alexander Luthor, Jr. Art by Phil Jimenez
Publication information
Publisher	DC Comics
First appearance	Justice League of America #73 (1969) (retroactively stated to have originally appeared in Action Comics #1, 1938)
Created by	Dennis O'Neil and Dick Dillin Based on Superman, created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster
In-story information
Alter ego	Kal-L, adopted as Clark Kent
Species	Kryptonian
Team affiliations	Daily Star Justice Society of America All-Star Squadron
Abilities	Superhuman strength, speed and stamina, multiple extra sensory and vision powers, invulnerability, longevity, flight.

Kal-L is the Kryptonian birth name of the Earth-Two Superman, a fictional character and a superhero in the DC Comics Universe.

Fictional character history

When the Golden Age of Comic Books came to a close in the 1950s, most of DC Comics' superhero comic books ceased to exist. The commencement of the Silver Age saw characters such as The Flash and Green Lantern revamped for more modern times, ignoring or abandoning established continuity and thus creating a clean break between the two eras. It was later established that the Golden Age heroes and Silver Age heroes lived on Earth-Two and Earth-One respectively, separate parallel Earths in a single Multiverse.

However, Superman was one of the few exceptions; his stories had been published without interruption since his debut in 1938's Action Comics #1. This caused a continuity problem, specifically that Superman was a simultaneously a member of the Justice Society of America on Earth-Two and a member of the revamped "Justice League of America" on Earth-One. Thus, in Justice League of America #73 (1969) it was established that there were two Supermen. The "current", Silver Age Superman was Kal-El, from Earth-One, while the Golden Age Superman was Kal-L, from Earth-Two.

Several minor differences between the two Supermen were established to make the distinction clearer. The names "Kal-El", "Jor-El" and "Jonathan and Martha Kent" on Earth-One became "Kal-L", "Jor-L" and "John and Mary Kent" on Earth-Two. Kal-L's S-shield symbol was slightly different. Stories featuring both Supermen also indicated that Kal-L was the older of the two, being depicted as late middle-aged with greying hair at the temples, while his Earth-One counterpart was a youthful man of modern times.

This not only allowed DC Comics to bring Superman's Golden Age stories back into continuity, but also led them to experiment with a Superman who wasn't the mainstream one. Thus, several differences between Kal-L and the more well-known Kal-El were introduced. Kal-L eventually revealed his dual identities of Clark Kent and Superman to the woman he loved, the Lois Lane of Earth-Two, and they got married, Their early marital life was depicted in the feature "Mr. & Mrs. Superman" in DC's Superman Family series.

File:Action1.JPG

Action Comics #1 (June 1938), the debut of Superman. Cover art by Joe Shuster.

Allies

As Superman, Kal-L was considered to be the first superhero in Earth-Two's history, being the first individual to appear in a colorful costume and display superhuman abilities. He fought against evil, at first on a local level in his base of operations, the American city of Metropolis; later in his career, he would consider first the entire United States, and then the whole world under his protection. In November 1940, Superman became a founding member of the Justice Society of America (DC Special #29, 1977). He was referred to as an "honorary member" along with Batman during the Justice Society's original meeting. He subsequently appeared in two published adventures with this team during the 1940s and aided them on several other occasions retroactively as a member of the World War II organization known as the All-Star Squadron. He built a Secret Citadel in the mountains outside of Metropolis as his headquarters; however, as shown in Infinite Crisis, Superman eventually built a Fortress of Solitude comparable to that of his Earth-One counterpart.

In later years, he was considered an "elder statesman" of Earth-Two's superhero community, the one that later generations of superheroes looked to as an example and role model (All Star Comics #69, Nov.-Dec. 1977). In his secret identity as Clark Kent, Superman also enjoyed success at the Daily Star, of which he was appointed editor-in-chief in the 1950s, replacing George Taylor.

Adversaries

Superman faced a variety of supervillains throughout the years, including Alexei Luthor, the Ultra-Humanite, the Prankster, Toyman, Mister Mxyztplk, Metalo, the Wizard, Colonel Future, the Archer, the Puzzler, and the Tycoon of Crime.

In order to track down a supply of Kryptonite in Metropolis, Superman invented and assumed the identity of the criminal Flying Tiger, accompanied by his wife who assumed the identity of "Kitty" his sidekick. Shortly thereafter, a duplicate of his Flying Tiger persona with identical abilities was created by Funny Face, whom Superman defeated with Kryptonite captured from his sting operation. Another adversary, later turned ally, was Clark's co-worker Lana Lang in her identity as the Insect Queen.

Fellow Kryptonians

In 1950, Superman encountered three other surviving Kryptonians known as U-Ban, Kizo, and Mala. All three brothers were members of the ruling scientific counsel exiled from Krypton after they attempted to conquer the planet. Imprisoned in suspended animation tube vessels, they were freed in Superman vol. 1, #65 (Jul/Aug 1950) in the story "Three Supermen from Krypton!" Later, in Action Comics #194 (Jul 1954) in the story "The Outlaws from Krypton", Superman's lookalike Mala created a counterfeit Earth (a precursor of the Bizarro World/Htrae).

At some point during the Silver Age, Superman's cousin Kara arrived on Earth after a lengthy journey from Krypton. When her father Zor-L discovered that Krypton was about to explode, he placed her in a spacecraft directed towards Earth. Although this occurs at the same time that Kal-L's ship is launched, Kara's ship travels more slowly, and she arrives on Earth decades after her cousin has landed. Kara’s Symbioship is designed to keep her in stasis during the journey and provide her with life experiences and education in the form of a virtual reality. By the time she arrives on Earth, Kara is in her later teens to early twenties.

The Symbioship provided non-living virtual copies of Zor-L, Alura and fellow Kryptonians from within her home city of Kandor. Once removed from the ship, this virtual reality ceases to exist. Only Power Girl was known to interact with this Kryptonian reality.

Crisis on Infinite Earths

Main article: Crisis on Infinite Earths

The reality that was Earth-Two was retroactively erased from existence in 1985's landmark DC Comics series Crisis on Infinite Earths, where the "Multiverse", the collection of several alternate realities where all DC characters existed, was destroyed by the Anti-Monitor, and five realities which had been saved were merged into a single reality combining their histories, with Earth-One having predominance in conflicting points. Thus, history remembered Kal-El, but not Kal-L; Lee Travis (the first Crimson Avenger) became the new reality's first costumed hero, now after being shown a vision of Kal-El's future heroism before the start of his career (keeping a Superman as the inspiration for Earth's superheroes in the new reality as well).

Kal-L's role in various All-Star Squadron adventures was also partially replaced by a character created in Young All-Stars named Iron Munro. Kal-L's roles as the most respected Justice Society of America veteran and finder of his cousin Power Girl were gone as well of course, and given to the Golden Age Green Lantern Alan Scott and Kal-El respectively. Kal-L was among the heroes from various Earths who fought to save their realities from destruction, and was present at the battle at the dawn of time in which the alternate realities were remade into a single one. Therefore, he still existed and still remembered the history of his home reality, even though no one in the new reality remembered he had existed.

Kal-L was initially near-hysterical when he realized the fact that both he and his wife, along with several friends, had been erased from history as if they had never been, and even more devastated when he saw that there was seemingly no way to be reunited with Lois, due to having fought at the beginning of time being the only reason for his presence in a reality which didn't acknowledge his existence. However, he put aside his grief when it was discovered that the Anti-Monitor was still a threat to the new reality, and stood again with his fellow heroes to oppose the villain in his home dimension, the Anti-Matter universe. In the end, Kal-L, Alexander Luthor, Jr. of Earth-3, and the Superboy of Earth Prime—none of whom now had a place in the new universe—faced the Anti-Monitor alone to give the heroes still remembered in the new reality a chance to survive. Kal-L himself struck the final blow that defeated the Anti-Monitor once and for all.

File:Adventures of Superman 649 coverart.jpg

The survivors of the Crisis are about to enter into the paradise dimension. Promotional art for Adventures of Superman #649 (April 2006) cover, by Ivan Reis.

Alexander Luthor, who had the power to transform himself into a portal between realities, then revealed to Kal-L and Superboy that he had saved Kal-L's wife, the Lois Lane of Earth-Two, from being wiped out of existence by transporting her to "another place" before reality was remade. This "other place" was described by Lois as "beautiful" and by Alexander as a place of "everlasting peace", and Alexander offered the couple and Superboy transport to this realm as an alternative to returning to an Earth where the four were recorded as having never existed. They all agreed, and passed into a paradise from which there was supposedly no return; to reopen that gateway would apparently risk destroying all creation.

As shown in Infinite Crisis Secret Files 2006, Superman was initially content in the "paradise" dimension. He had no desire to leave, and he didn't even consider the possibility until Lois became ill. Seeing this, Kal-L built a replica of the Daily Star building, and eventually Metropolis, believing that seeing home would give her more energy. This failed to help, however, and Kal-L soon began to share Alex Luthor's belief that their "paradise" dimension was eating away at their souls. With Superman distracted by attending to Lois, Superboy-Prime and Alex were able to break out and initiate the chain of events that would culminate in Infinite Crisis. It can be seen that Superboy-Prime's damage to the dimensional barrier affected Lois' health for the worse.

In the 1999 miniseries The Kingdom, it was revealed that Kal-L now desired to escape their paradise, feeling it to be more of a prison than a refuge. Though Kal-L ultimately decided not to leave the "other place" at that time, it was also revealed that he was aware of a "door", a way out that presumably would not cause the destruction of the outside universe's reality.

Infinite Crisis

Main article: Infinite Crisis

In the first issue of Infinite Crisis, it was revealed that Kal-L and his three companions have been observing the post-Crisis DC Universe from their paradise. Kal-L in particular is revealed at the end of the issue to have been the "narrator" commenting on the events of the story.

Appalled by the rapidly-deteriorating state of affairs in the world, the four decide to emerge from their self-imposed exile to lend their aid (in 52 #7, it was noted that the event that swayed Kal-L to this course of action was the murder of his JSA comrades during Zero Hour.) Kal-L batters an exit through a seemingly crystalline barrier which separates them from the rest of reality.

In the second issue, Kal-L meets up with his cousin Power Girl and explains her true origins, as well as the previous Crisis and the merger of the remaining Earths, with Earth-One being dominant and some of Earth-Two's heroes having been lost.

Earth-Two's Lois Lane's touch then somehow restores Power Girl's Pre-Crisis memories. The issue ends with Kal-L telling Power Girl that his intent is to somehow bring back Earth-Two. In the third issue, he tries to enlist Batman's aid, saying that Batman's distrust of the heroes is caused by the darker nature of Earth-One, and promising that he will always stand by Bruce when the 'right' Earth returns. Batman, however, is not convinced, asking Kal-L if the Dick Grayson of this Earth is a corrupted version of Kal-L's one, and attempts to use the kryptonite ring against him. Kal-L destroys the ring easily, but, as he departs, he has been left with something to think about.

File:Crisis5p3.gif

Kal-L fighting Kal-El, in art based on the cover to Action Comics #1. Art from Infinite Crisis #5, by Jerry Ordway.

It is implied at the end of the issue, when Power Girl is knocked out by Superboy-Prime because of discovering Alexander Luthor Jr.'s tuning fork, that Kal-L is actually an unwitting pawn of Alexander, whose purposes appear to be darker than originally implied (as it is revealed that he is the Lex Luthor impostor acting as the leader of The Society).

Alexander's true goal is revealed to be restoring the Multiverse to search for a perfect Earth, using Kal-L as some sort of tuning device for his machinations. (In a metatextual reference to the history of American comics, Alex says that "Everything comes from Superman".) Alexander succeeds in bringing about the return of a version of Earth-Two separate from the current Earth, where Kal-L and his wife (along with other heroes formerly from Earth-Two) are transported.

Soon after their transportation, Lois Lane finally dies, telling Kal-L that she was happy to have lived such a long life before she does. Kal-El hears Kal-L's screams of sorrow from the current Earth and investigates. Upon his arrival Kal-L attacks him, blaming him for bringing corruption to Earth-Two as he did on his native Earth. Their blows are so powerful, they somehow force each of the Supermen to see visions of realities where they live each others' lives. Both of them, however, are unable to survive in each other's worlds; Kal-El finds life in Earth-Two so simple that he sees no need to truly push himself, and he is quickly killed by the Anti-Monitor, while Kal-L's refusal to adapt to Earth-One, instead trying to force it to adapt to him, results in a mass supervillain uprising that destroys all life on Earth (these events were depicted in Infinite Crisis # 5, Superman (vol. 2) # 226, Action Comics # 836, and Adventures of Superman # 649).

After his battle with Kal-El, he realizes the truth; that a perfect Earth does not need a Superman, and that Alexander must therefore be using him for some purpose. However, as soon as this happens, he starts to scream in agony as Alexander uses him to restore further alternate Earths. Kal-L survives as all the universes combine into New Earth after the Anti-Monitor Tower is destroyed. He is one of the witnesses to the death of Kon-El along with Kal-El, Wonder Woman, Batman, Nightwing and Wonder Girl, forcing him to realize that he made a mistake; he condoned the Superboy who tried to end the universe, and condemned the one who died to save it.

The death of Kal-L from *Infinite Crisis* #7. Art by George Perez.

In the subsequent Battle of Metropolis, the two Supermen unite against Doomsday and Bizarro, quickly defeating these two powerful foes, before the two of them assault Superboy-Prime, dragging him through Krypton's red star, down to the planet (and Green Lantern) Mogo. There, Kal-El and Kal-L both battle Superboy-Prime, with all rapidly losing their powers after direct exposure to the red sun (And Kal-El suffering from exposure to the kryptonite of his universe). During the battle, Kal-L is savagely beaten by Superboy-Prime in a fit of frustration, the latter hero screaming that Kal-L has to understand why he's doing this.

Kal-L is all but dead when Kal-El manages to intervene. As they fight, Superboy-Prime protests that he is the only one who can make the universe right, and he will be Superman when Kal-El is gone. Outraged, Kal-El tears the 'S' off Superboy-Prime's chest, informing him that he will never be Superman because he doesn't know what it means to be Superman. Superboy-Prime claims that he does because he is better than Kal-El, and that his Krypton was superior to Kal-El's. Kal-El responds, "It's not about where you were born. Or what powers you have. Or what you wear on your chest. It's about what you do... It's about action". It appears that this speech confirms to Kal-L that his counterpart is a true Superman, as, while he lies dying, he states that Superboy-Prime was stopped by Superman, when he earlier referred to his counterpart as Kal-El.

As Superboy-Prime is imprisoned by members of the Green Lantern Corps, Kal-L dies in the arms of Power Girl. As she begs him not to leave her, Kal-L assures her that he'll always be with her, even if she can't see him. Enigmatically, he says that "It's never going to end... for us", and says that, someday, she'll see that they're still out there. He then dies just after whispering his last word, "Lois."

Powers and abilities

Main article: Powers and abilities of Superman

Superman has super-strength, the power of flight, super-speed, super-breath, arctic breath, super-hearing, super-vision (including X-ray, heat, microscopic and telescopic visions), and invulnerability to any force other than magic, psionics, and Kryptonite. An additional ability he possessed which his modern day counterpart didn't was an ability to "mold" his face to disguise himself, as chronicled in several Silver Age and modern day tales.

Originally, he was significantly weaker than the Silver Age Superman of Earth-One; it was later revealed his powers took longer to develop or be discovered. While he initially could only leap an eighth of a mile, Superman soon gained full-fledged flight by the early 1940s. By the time Kal-L met Kal-El in the late 1960s, the two heroes were almost evenly matched in terms of power levels. However, some later renditions of Superman showed him exhibiting his more limited abilities including reliance for a time in his leaping ability while allied with the Justice Society on a case involving his cousin Power Girl and the immortal criminal Vandal Savage.

Based on Superman's first origin and subsequent reference by U-Ban, this Superman came come from a race of Kryptonians that inherently possessed superhuman strength, leaping ability, and some visual aptitudes while on that planet to compensate for its greater gravitation pull. As with Kal-El, Kal-L's powers fluctuated when under a red sun as noted in Infinite Crisis and All-Star Comics.

Alternate versions

In the final issue of 52, a new Multiverse is revealed, originally consisting of 52 identical realities. Among the parallel realities shown is one designated "Earth-2". As a result of Mister Mind "eating" aspects of this reality, it takes on visual aspects similar to the pre-Crisis Earth-2, including Superman among other Justice Society of America characters. The names of the characters and the team are not mentioned in the panel in which they appear, but the Superman, by context, could be a variation of Kal-L.

Based on comments by Grant Morrison, this alternate universe is not the pre-Crisis Earth-2.

Other media

In the Justice League episode "Legends", the League team up with the "Justice Guild of America", an analogue of the Justice Society. JGA member Tom Turbine is a cross between Kal-L and the Golden Age Atom.

The 2006 video games Justice League Heroes and Superman Returns both feature Kal-L in a fashion, with his suit serving as an alternate costume for the Superman character.

References

Flashback in Action Comics #484, 1978
Bates, Cary (w), Swan, Curt (a). "Two Men of Tomorrow" Action Comics, no. 484, p. 23 (June 1978). DC Comics.
Bates, Cary (w), Swan, Curt (a). "Two Men of Tomorrow" Action Comics, no. 484, p. 23 (June 1978). DC Comics.
O'Neil, Denny (w), Dillin, Dick (a). "Where Death Fears to Tread" Justice League of America, vol. 1, no. 74 (September 1969). DC Comics.
Wolfman, Marv (w), Giordano, Dick (a). "Crisis on Three Earths!" DC Comics Presents Annual, no. 1 (1982). DC Comics.
Levitz, Paul (w), Wood, Wally (a). "The Return of Vandal Savage!" All Star Comics, no. 65 (March-April 1977). DC Comics.
52, no. 52, p. 13/3 (May 2, 2007). DC Comics.
Brady, Matt (2007-05-08). ""THE 52 EXIT INTERVIEWS: GRANT MORRISON"". Newsarama. Retrieved 2007-05-12.

External links

Supermanica: Superman of Earth-2

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