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* 1958: BK releases its first TV advertisement.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historyofbranding.com/burgerking.html |title=History of Burger King |author=History of Branding |publisher=Inkblot Communications |date= |accessdate=2007-10-24}}</ref> * 1958: BK releases its first TV advertisement.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historyofbranding.com/burgerking.html |title=History of Burger King |author=History of Branding |publisher=Inkblot Communications |date= |accessdate=2007-10-24}}</ref>
* 1959: The company begins to expand through franchising.<ref name="answers"/> * 1959: The company begins to expand through franchising.<ref name="answers"/>
* 1967: Burger King is sold to Pillsbury.<ref name="answers"/> Fat fucker. * 1967: Burger King is sold to Pillsbury.<ref name="answers"/>
* 1977: Donald Smith is hired to restructure the firm's franchise system.<ref name="answers"/> * 1977: Donald Smith is hired to restructure the firm's franchise system.<ref name="answers"/>
* 1982: Burger King claims its burgers taste better than (McDonald's and Wendy's) fried burgers.<ref name="answers"/> * 1982: Burger King claims its burgers taste better than (McDonald's and Wendy's) fried burgers.<ref name="answers"/>

Revision as of 20:41, 8 November 2007

Burger King
Company typePublic (NYSEBKC)
IndustryFast food
Founded1954 in suburban Miami, Florida, USA
Headquarters5505 Blue Lagoon Drive,
Miami, Florida (precisely in unincorporated Miami-Dade County)
Key peopleJohn Chidsey, CEO; James McLamore and David Edgerton, Founders
ProductsFast food (including hamburgers, french fries and milkshakes)
RevenueIncrease$27.00 billion USD (2006)
Operating incomeIncrease$337.00 million USD (2006)
Net incomeIncrease$2.04 billion USD (2006)
Number of employees340,000 (2006)
ParentBurger King Holdings Inc.
Websiteburgerking.com

Burger King (NYSEBKC), often abbreviated to BK, is a global chain of hamburger fast food restaurants. It was founded in 1954 in Miami, Florida by James McLamore and David Edgerton, and has since used a franchise model to expand to just over 11,200 stores in 65 nations around the globe. One of its largest franchisees is Hungry Jack's, which owns, operates and sub-licenses over 300 restaurants in Australia.

Burger King Holdings is the parent company of Burger King, in the US it operates under the Burger King Brands title while internationally it operates under the Burger King Corporation banner. It is a publicly traded company with investment firms of TPG Capital, L.P., Bain Capital, and Goldman Sachs each owning about 25% of the company. At the end of its fiscal year 2006, Burger King reported that there are more than 11,220 outlets in 61 countries; 66% of the restaurants are in the United States and 90% of the restaurants privately owned and operated. The company has more than 340,000 employees who serve approximately 11.4 million customers daily.

The Burger King menu has evolved from a simple offering of burgers, fries, sodas and milkshakes in 1955 to a larger, more diverse set of offerings that includes several variations of chicken, fish, salads and breakfast. The Whopper was the first major addition to the menu by Mr. McLamore in 1957, a sandwich that has since become Burger King's signature product. Not all introductions have had the success of the Whopper; BK has introduced many products which failed to catch hold in the marketplace. Some products that have failed in the US have seen success in foreign markets, where BK has also tailored its menu for regional tastes in these markets.

Burger King's "Golden Age" of advertising was during the 1970s when the introduced its mascot the Magical Burger King, a memorable jingle, and several well known and parodied slogans. Beginning in the early 1980s, its advertising began to lose focus; a series of less successful ad campaigns created by various agencies continued for the next two decades. In 2003, Burger King set about resuscitating its moribund advertising with the hiring of the Miami-based advertising agency of Crispin Porter + Bogusky (CP+B). CP+B completely reorganized Burger King's advertising with a series of new ads centering around a resuscitated Magical Burger King character.

Corporate profile

History

Burger King's first restaurant, originally called Insta Burger King, was opened on December 4, 1954 in a suburb of Miami, Florida by James McLamore and David Edgerton who were both alumni of the Cornell University School of Hotel Administration. McLamore had visited the original McDonald's hamburger stand belonging to Dick and Mac McDonald in San Bernardino, California; sensing potential in their innovative assembly line-based production system, he decided to create a version of his own. By 1959, BK had grown to five regional stores in and around the metropolitan Miami area. About this time, McLamore and Edgerton decided to expand BK nationally by using a franchising system that had become a popular method for expansion due to its low capital cost for the parent company. They formed Burger King Corporation as the parent and began selling territorial franchise licenses to private owners across the US.

A Burger King restaurant in Redwood City, California
A Burger King restaurant in Redwood City, California

In 1967, after eight years of private operation, the Pillsbury Company acquired Burger King and its parent company Burger King Corporation. At the time of the purchase, BK had grown to 274 restaurants in the United States. While BK began its foray in to locations outside of the continental United States in 1963 with a store in San Juan, Puerto Rico, it did not have a large international presence. This situation changed shortly after the acquisition when Pillsbury opened its first international restaurant in Canada in 1969. Other international locations followed soon after: Oceania in 1971 with Hungry Jack's and in Europe in 1975 with a restaurant in Madrid, Spain. Beginning in 1982, BK and its franchisees began operating stores in several East Asian countries, including Japan, Taiwan, Singapore and Korea. Due to high competition, many of the Japanese locations closed by the end of 2001. BK reentered the Japanese market in mid-2007. BK's Central and South American operations began in Mexico in the late 1970s.

Since the time that Pillsbury bought Burger King, BK has been the object of a series of failed and successful acquisitions and divestitures. In 1973, Chart House, owner of 350 restaurants at the time and one of BK's largest franchise groups, attempted to purchase the chain from Pillsbury for $100 million (USD). When Chart House's bid failed, its owners, Billy and Jimmy Trotter, suggested that Pillsbury and Chart House spin off their respective Burger King holdings and merge the two entities into a separate company, an offer Pillsbury also declined. After the failed attempts to acquire BK, the relationship with Chart House and the Trotters began to sour; in 1979 BK successfully sued Chart House for improperly acquiring locations in Boston and Houston. In 1984, Pillsbury purchased Chart House's successor DiversiFoods for $390 million (USD) after a separate, independent $525 million DiversiFoods management-backed leveraged buy-out of the company failed.

BK, and former corporate siblings, Bennigan's, Steak and Ale, Godfather's Pizza (part of the DiversiFoods acquisition), Quik Wok and Häagen Dazs ice cream shops, remained under the Pillsbury corporate umbrella until Pillsbury divested its restaurant holdings in 1989 and sold Burger King to British alcoholic beverage manufacturer and distributor Grand Metropolitan PLC. In 1989, under the ownership of Grand Met, Burger King acquired many locations of its major UK rival Wimpy when the parent company bought the Wimpy's brand from its previous owner United Biscuits and re-branded them as Burger King, giving it an even greater presence in that country. While other "Wimpy" locations are still in operation presently, they are now independent from BK and no longer have the presence they once did. In 1997, Grand Metropolitan merged with Guinness to form a company called Diageo. Diageo maintained ownership of BKC until 2001 when Diageo decided to focus solely on their beverage products and divest itself of the chain.

By the time of the sale, Burger King's revenues and market share had declined significantly, Burger King had fallen to a near tie for second place with Wendy's in the US market. For many years leading into the early 2000s Burger King and its various owners plus many of its larger franchises closed many under-performing stores. Several of its largest franchises entered bankruptcy due to the issues surrounding the performance of the brand.

In 2002, a troika of private equity firms led by Texas Pacific Group with associates Bain Capital and Goldman Sachs Capital Partners agreed to purchase BK from Diageo for $1.5 billion (USD), with the sale becoming complete in December of that year. The new owners, through several new CEOs, have moved to revitalize and reorganize the company, the first major move was to re-name the BK parent as Burger King Brands. The investment group initially planned to take BK public within the two years of the acquisition, this was delayed until 2006. On February 1, 2006, CEO Greg Brenneman announced TPG's plans to turn Burger King into a publicly traded company by issuing an Initial Public Offering (IPO). On February 16, the company announced it had filed its registration for the IPO with the Securities and Exchange Commission. On May 18, 2006, Burger King began trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol BKC and generated $425 million in revenue, the largest IPO of a US-based restaurant chain on record.

The TPGroup has continued BK's international expansion by announcing plans to open new franchise locations in Eastern Europe, 180 stores in the Africa and the Middle East, Brazil, and over 250 stores in new Asian territories such as Macao and China by the end of 2012.

Today, Burger King is the second largest chain of hamburger fast food restaurants in the world behind industry bellwether McDonald's (31,000 locations) and the third largest chain overall after Yum! Brands (34,000 locations) and McDonald's. Historically, Burger King has been the second largest burger chain in North America, behind McDonald's.

Key dates

  • 1954: James McLamore and David Edgerton establish Burger King Corporation.
  • 1957: The Whopper is launched.
  • 1958: BK releases its first TV advertisement.
  • 1959: The company begins to expand through franchising.
  • 1967: Burger King is sold to Pillsbury.
  • 1977: Donald Smith is hired to restructure the firm's franchise system.
  • 1982: Burger King claims its burgers taste better than (McDonald's and Wendy's) fried burgers.
  • 1989: Grand Metropolitan plc acquires Pillsbury.
  • 1997: The firm launches a $70 million french fry advertising campaign; Grand Metropolitan merges with Guinness to form Diageo plc.
  • 2002: A group of investors led by Texas Pacific Group acquire Burger King.
  • 2006: BKC, with the same stock symbol, goes public in an IPO.

Hungry Jack's

File:Hungry Jacks Logo.png
Hungry Jack's current logo.
Main article: Hungry Jack's

Hungry Jack's (abbreviated to HJ) is the exclusive Australian franchisee of Burger King Corporation. Its parent company is Hungry Jack's Pty Ltd which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Competitive Foods Australia, a privately held company owned by Jack Cowin.

The Hungry Jack's branding results from a small takeaway shop in Queensland having registered the Australian trademark for the name Burger King. Thus, BK was forced to change the name when it decided to open stores in the country - the only time this has happened in its corporate history. Hungry Jack was the name of a Pillsbury product, the then-parent of Burger King, being used in the US to market pancake (flapjack) mixture, and Cowin presumably chose that branding as a reflection of his own name. The first Hungry Jack's, with the possessive apostrophe "s", opened in Perth in 1971.

Claiming that HJ had violated the conditions of the 1991 renewed franchise agreement in regards to the expansion of the chain, Burger King Corporation, in partnership with Royal Dutch Shell, began to open its own stores in Australia in 1996. In a counter-claim that BKC had breached the conditions of their franchise agreement, Cowin sued and won. As a result of the verdict, BKC withdrew its presence from the country, and in 2001 sold all its assets to TPF, its New Zealand franchise group. TPF subsequently renamed the remaining BK locations to Hungry Jack's, operating them that way for four more years when it chose to exit Australia and sell its operations to Cowin's company.

HJ currently owns and operates or sub-licenses over 300 restaurants in Australia. No Australian stores now operate under the Burger King name.

Controversies, disputes and legal issues

As with other multi-national corporations, Burger King has had its share of controversies and legal issues over the course of its existence. Issues have included trademark disputes, controversies with animal rights groups, health issues, packaging issues and labor laws. Many of these issues have helped Burker King grow as a socially responsible corporation, while others may have hurt them in some markets.

Trademark disputes

As the company grew, it encountered several issues in regards to trademarks, the most famous two incidents occurred with the similarly named Burger King in Mattoon, Illinois and now defunct take-out (take-away) Burger King restaurant in Queensland, Australia.

The Mattoon trademark dispute is probably the most important of the disputes because of the effect it had setting legal precedent in regards to the Lanham Act in the US under the case Burger King of Florida, Inc. v. Hoots (1968). Gene and Betty Hoots owned an ice cream shop in the city of Mattoon; due to the success of the store, in 1957 they expanded it with an additional shop next to the original location. In keeping with the name of the ice cream shop, Frigid Queen, they named their burger stand Burger King and registered their trademark with the state of Illinois in 1959.

Burger King Corporation and its franchises began opening locations in Illinois in 1961, and by 1967 had over twenty locations in areas in the state. The Hootses, claiming that their trademark gave them exclusive rights to the name in Illinois sued BK in the state, and later federal, courts. The decision of the federal court was that the BKC federal trademark, received in 1963, took precedence over the Hootses' state trademark; The Hootses were granted exclusive rights to the Burger King trade mark in 20 mile (32 km) of their original location in Mattoon.

Further information: Burger King (Mattoon, Illinois)

When Burger King decided to expand its operations into Australia, it found that its business name was already trademarked by a man running a small takeaway food shop in Queensland. As a result, Burger King provided the Australian franchisee, Jack Cowin, with a list of possible alternative names that the Australian Burger King restaurants could be branded as. The names were derived from pre-existing trademarks already registered by Burger King and its then corporate parent Pillsbury. Cowin selected the "Hungry Jack" brand name, one of Pillsbury's US pancake mixture products, and slightly changing the name to a possessive form by adding an apostrophe 's' thus forming the new name Hungry Jack's. Accordingly, the first Australian franchise of the Burger King Corporation, established in Perth in 1971, was branded as Hungry Jack's.

Controversies

Nutrition
Burger King in San Francisco with vegan protesters
Further information: ]

Like many of its competitors, BK has also been targeted by various animal welfare groups, such as PETA, over the treatment of the animals it uses in manufacture of its ingredients. In a concession to these groups, BK will be switching suppliers for several of its raw animal products, e.g. eggs and pork-based products, to those who use cage free production methods.

Several groups have argued that BK has contributed to the western obesity epidemic by introducing products that contain large amounts of fat, trans-fat and calories. In recent years, BK has begun introducing several large, over-sized products including its European BK XXL line, Enormous Omelet Sandwich line and the BK Stacker line. These products, and others like them, have brought international scorn and negative attention due the large portion size and amounts of unhealthy fats and trans-fats. Many groups, including the American Heart Association, the Center for Science in the Public Interest and the Spanish government, have accused BK and other fast food restaurant chains of failing to provide healthier alternatives and contribution the ongoing obesity epidemic in the West.

In a partial response, Burger King announced that it was joining The Council of Better Business Bureaus Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative. The program is a voluntary self-regulation program designed to shift advertising messages aimed at children so that they encourage healthier eating habits and lifestyles. In a press statement, BKC announced that it will be taking the following steps in regards to its children's advertising:

In addition, Burger King Corp. will:

  • Restrict advertising to children under 12 that uses third-party licensed characters to Kids Meals that meet its Nutrition Guidelines
  • Refrain from advertising in elementary schools and from product placement in media primarily aimed at children under 12
  • Promote Kids Meals that meet its Nutrition Guidelines on its Web site
  • Promote healthy lifestyles and healthy dietary choices in advertising

The new Kid's Meal line will include several new products, including broiled Chicken Tenders, apple "fries", french cut apples served in a fry box, and organic apple sauce. According to a statement by BKC, the new Kid's Club meals will contain no more than 560 calories per meal, less than 30 percent of calories from fat, less than 10 percent of calories from saturated fat, no added trans fats and no more than 10 percent of calories from added sugars.

Islam

An issue of a religious nature arose in the UK when BK introduced a new prepackaged ice cream product; the label of the product included a silhouette of the ice cream that when rotated on its side bore a resemblance to the Islamic inscription for God. Several local Muslim groups pointed out the issue of the possible interpretation and Burger King voluntarily recalled the product and reissued it with a new label. Another issue that arose with the Islamic community was over an Israeli franchise opening stores in the Occupied territories. When the Israeli BK franchisee Rikamor, Ltd. opened a store in the West Bank settlement of Ma'aleh Adumim, many Islamic groups argued that BKC licensing of the store helped legitimize the settlement. BKC quickly pulled the franchise license for that location and had the store shuttered saying that Rikamor, Ltd. had violated its contract by opening the location in the West Bank. Several American-based Jewish groups issued statements that denounced the decision as kowtowing to threats of boycotts by Islamic groups. In a statement issued by BK Corporation, Burger King stated that it "made this decision purely on a commercial basis and in the best interests of thousands of people who depend on the Burger King reputation for their livelihood."

Labor

Labor issues and disputes have arisen in various parts of the world, primarily over wages. In South Florida, the Coalition of Immokalee Workers, (CIW) has organized protests against Burger King and other QSR chains in response to the dismissal of the group's demands for increased pay raise of 1¢ per pound for tomato pickers in the region. Burger King's response was that while it is a larger purchaser, BKC is not responsible for the pay rates of the workers of its suppliers as wages disputes are the province of the said producer. BKC also offered employment for any dissatisfied CIW members and scholarships through its Have it Your Way Foundation for family members of CIW workers.

Charitable contributions and services

Burger King has several of its own in-house national charitable organizations and programs. The first is the Have It Your Way Foundation, a U.S.-based non-profit, 501(c)(3) corporation with multiple focuses on hunger alleviation, disease prevention and community education through scholarship programs at colleges in the US. The other charitable organization is the McLamore Foundation, also a non-profit, 501(c)(3) corporation that provides scholarships to students in the US and its territories. Additionally, there is an optional literacy program that partners individual restaurants with community schools in the US.

On the local level, BK supports several regional charitable organizations covering several various causes. In the Boston region, BK has affiliated itself with the Boston Red Sox Jimmy Fund, a charity that supports juvenile cancer research at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. In the Pittsburgh region it contributes to the Burger King Cancer Caring Center, a support organization for the patients, families and friends of cancer patients.

Products

Main article: Burger King products

When the company began, its menu consisted predominantly of hamburgers, french fries, soft drinks, and desserts. Beginning with the Whopper sandwich in 1957, BK has expanded the breadth of its menu by adding various non-beef items like chicken, fish, vegetarian offerings such as salads and meatless sandwiches; a breakfast menu; and non-soft drink beverages such as Icees, juices and bottled waters. Additionally, as the company expanded both inside and outside the US, it introduced localized versions of its products that conform to regional tastes and cultural or religious beliefs. To generate additional sales, BK will occasionally introduce limited time offers (LTO) of special versions of its products or bring out completely new products intended for either long or short term sales. Not all these products and services have been successful, in 1994 Burger King introduced limited table service and special dinner platters; the concept failed to generate interest and was discontinued.

In 1957, BK added its signature item, the Whopper. This quarter pound hamburger was created by Burger King founders James McLamore and David Edgerton as a way to differentiate BK from other burger outlets at the time. The sandwich became famous enough that BK eventually adopted the motto "Home of the Whopper."

By 1979, BK had significantly expanded the breadth of its menu with many non-hamburger sandwiches including chicken, fish, desserts and breakfast products. Like all QSR outlets, BK has also modified its core menu with variants on its sandwiches, LTO products and items that cater to specific dietary needs. In 1985, BK again expanded its menu offerings by adding new products such as French toast sticks, the Croissan'Wich and BK Chicken Tenders. BK has also modified some of its core menu products, adding variations on products like the Whopper so that there are many "standard" sizes and varieties.

In 1997 Burger King launched their new french fry line, which featured a clear coating made from a potato-based starch to 7,400 U.S. locations. Burger King also rolled out a large U.S. advertising campaign to advertise the new french fries. The fries were in research and development for over two years and already had been available in several markets. These new french fries are still in use.

In 1998, US BK added a 99¢ (USD) Great Tastes menu to better compete with QSR competitor, Wendy's. This value menu featured seven products: Whopper Jr., 5 piece Chicken Tenders, a bacon cheeseburger, medium sized french fries, medium soft drink, medium onion rings and small shake. In 2002, BK renamed it the 99¢ (USD) Value Menu revamped it to include a grilled sourdough burger, a bacon cheeseburger, small sized french fries and onion rings, small sized soft drinks, childs size shakes, chili, tacos, 5 piece Chicken Tenders, baked potatoes and a side garden salad. Many of the items have since been discontinued, modified or relegated to a regional menu option. In 2006, the Value menu was again renamed, to the BK Values Menu, with products ranging from 99¢ to $1.50 (USD).

As part of its 2003 reorganization, BK introduced several new products to its menu, including several new or revamped chicken products, a new salad line and its BK Joe brand of coffee. Some of the new products, including its Enormous Omelet Sandwich line and the BK Stacker line, brought negative attention due the large portion size, amounts of unhealthy fats and trans-fats.

As with other fast food companies, BK has recently begun introducing products that feature higher quality ingredients like whole chicken breast, Angus beef, natural cheeses such as cheddar and pepper jack, and other menu fair that attempts to appeal to a more adult palate and demographic. Again, not all these products have met corporate sales expectations.

Advertising

Main article: Burger King advertising

BK has had history of hits and misses in regards to its advertising: During the 1970s, BK introduced a memorable jingle, several well known and parodied slogans such as Have it your way and It takes two hands to hold a Whopper. Starting early 1980s and running through approximately 2002 BK engaged a series of ad agencies that produced many less than memorable slogans and programs, including its biggest advertising flop Where's Herb?. The 1990s saw a highly successful tie-in campaign with Disney's animated films, including the Academy Award nominated Beauty & the Beast and Academy Award winning Toy Story.

Beginning in 2003, BK began resuscitating its moribund advertising with the hiring of the Miami-based advertising agency of Crispin Porter + Bogusky (abbreviated as CP+B). As one of CP+B new advertising strategies, they revived the Burger King character used during BKs 1970s/1980s Burger King Kingdom advertising campaign as a caricatured variation now simply called "the King". Additionally, CP+B created a series of viral web-based advertisements to compliment the various television and print promotional campaigns on sites such as MySpace and various BK corporate pages. The farcical nature of the Burger King centered advertisements inspired an internet meme where the King is photoshopped into unusual situations that are either comical or menacing, many times followed with the phrase Where is your God now?. These viral ad campaigns, coupled with other new campaigns and the new product introductions, drew considerable positive and negative attention to BK and helped TPG and its partners realize about $367 million in dividends.

Logos

Evolution of the Burger King logo
File:Sitting king logo.png Vintage Burger King "sitting king" logo (1957–1968) File:Original Burger King logo.png
Original "bun halves" logo (1969–1994)
File:Burger king logo 2.png
Revised "bun halves" logo (1994–1999)

Current "blue crescent" logo (1999–present)

The famous Burger King "bun halves" logo made its debut in 1969 and endured well into the 1990s. As its name implies, it was meant to resemble a hamburger: the logo had two orange semi-circular "buns" surrounding the name, which was the "meat" of the logo. In 1994 BK updated the logo with a graphical tightening, replacing the aging "bulging" font with a smoother font with rounded edges. In addition, all secondary signing, such as roof and directional signs, was also updated with new rounded font.

In 1999, BK again revised its logo. The new Burger King logo is a stylized version of the original "bun halves" logo. BK changed the color of the restaurant's name from orange to red lettering, while leaving them sandwiched between two yellow bun halves. The new logo also tilts the bun halves and the font on an axis, has a smaller "bun" motif and wraps the burger with a blue crescent whipping around the buns giving it a more circular appearance. Most restaurants did not acquire newer signs with the new logo, menus, and drive-thru ordering speakers until 2001. Again all secondary signage was updated with the new logo and type face, and all sign posts were repainted to match the blue coloring of the new crescent from their original black.

International variations
File:Hungry Jack's logo.png
Hungry Jack's revised and current "bun halves" logo
File:Burger King Arabic logo.png
Current logo in Arabic. Note that the logo is read from right to left.

The Hungry Jack's logo is based on the original Burger King "bun halves" design, and has been used since Hungry Jack's founding in 1971. HJ currently uses an updated version of the "bun halves" logo, featuring the smoother font used in revised Burger King logo from 1994. Currently, the only region that BK uses non-latin text is the Middle East. In those Arabic speaking countries the logo is reversed and uses Arabic characters; otherwise the logo is a mirror of the "blue crescent" logo used in the west.

Global locations

File:Burger King Seoul South Korea.jpg
Ordering area of a Burger King in Seoul, South Korea
AAFES Burger King, Camp Liberty, Iraq

Burger King has a longstanding presence at U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force installations worldwide, dating back to the 1980s under a contract with Army and Air Force Exchange Service. Today, while other chains such as Taco Bell, Popeye's and Subway have a presence on military bases, virtually every major Army and Air Force installation hosts a BK restaurant.

Countries with Burger King restaurants
Countries currently with Burger Kings:


includes Guam Guam and Puerto Rico Puerto Rico

Countries formerly with Burger King restaurants:

See also

Other hamburger QSR vendors:

References

  1. ^ Hoovers.com. "Burger King Holdings, Inc". Hoovers.com. Retrieved 2007-09-26.
  2. ^ Restaurant Business News (2003-05-30). "Burger King Re-flags Australian Stores". AllBusiness.com. Retrieved 2007-09-29. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ^ BKC publication (October 2006). "BKC 2006 Annual Report" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-10-24. {{cite web}}: Text "publisher Burger King Holdings" ignored (help)
  4. BKC press release (2002-02-08). "Burger King Celebrates As The WHOPPER Turns 45". BizJournals on Bison.com. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. Gerald Etter (1992-09-23). "Burger King Delivers". Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved 2007-08-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. BKC press release (2001-01-18). "Burger King Corporation to Launch BK Back Porch(TM) Griller Sandwiches". PRNewswire.com. Retrieved 2007-10-22. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. ^ Bruce Horovitz (2004-03-22). "Burger King zaps menu, image". USA Today. Retrieved 2007-09-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  8. BK Taiwan dessert menu featuring turnover-style pies
  9. BK Taiwan menu featuring chicken thigh meat sandwiches
  10. TVAcres.com. "Advertising Mascots, Herb the Nerd". tvacres.com. Retrieved 2007-10-24.
  11. ^ "Herb Comes Out of Hiding". Time Magazine. 1986-02-03. Retrieved 2004-10-24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. ^ BKC press release (2006-01-13). "Burger King Corporation Selects Crispin Porter + Bogusky As Lead Creative Advertising Agency". HispanicBusiness.com. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ^ FundingUniverse.com. "History of Burger King Corporation". Answers.com. Retrieved 2007-10-24. {{cite web}}: External link in |author= (help)
  14. Yuri Kageyama (2007-06-08). "Burger King back in Japan after 6 years". QSR Magazine. Retrieved 2007-08-25. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. Rick Telberg (1985-09-09). "How Pillsbury 'stole' DiversiFoods for just $390 million". Nation's Restaurant News. Retrieved 2007-08-24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  16. "DiversiFoods Net". New York Times. 1984-12-12. Retrieved 2007-08-24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  17. David Zuckerman (1984-07-24). "Hyde leaves DiversiFoods-BK; Bolton takes reins as president". Nation's Restaurant News. Retrieved 2007-08-24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  18. Daniel Gross (2004-06-24). "What's wrong with Burger King". Slate.com. Retrieved 2007-10-24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  19. Calvin Sims (1988-01-08). "Pillsbury restaurants cutbacks set". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-10-24.
  20. Anthony Palazzo (2001-08-21). "Franchisee of Burger Chain Files Chap. 11". Los Angeles Business Journal. Retrieved 2007-10-24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  21. "Big Burger King Franchise chain files for bankruptcy". The New York Times. 2002-12-05. Retrieved 2007-10-24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  22. Mark Trumbull (2006-11-13). "Are private buyouts good for the economy?". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2007-10-24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  23. Grace Wong (2006-05-12). "Burger King IPO set to fire up". CNN Money. Retrieved 2007-09-30. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  24. Matt Krantz (2006-05-19). "Burger King's IPO declared 'a success'". USA Today. Retrieved 2007-09-30. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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  26. Maria Levitov (2006-05-05). "Burger King Mulls Franchises". the St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2007-08-25. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  27. Hana International Company Ltd. press release (2007-03-29). "Burger King increases number of restaurants in UAE". AMEInfo.com. Retrieved 2007-08-25. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  28. Business Wire (2007-03-29). "Burger King® To Expand in Egypt". Find Article.com. Retrieved 2007-08-25. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
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  30. ^ Hoovers.com. "McDonald's Corporation". Hoovers.com. Retrieved 2007-08-23.
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  34. [2001] NSWCA 187
  35. [2001] HCATrans S157/2001
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  37. United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit: by Kiley, Circuit Judge (1968-11-25). "Burger King of Florida, Inc. v. Hoots, 403 F.2d 904; 1968 U.S. App. LEXIS 4765; 159 U.S.P.Q. (BNA) 706". Retrieved 2007-10-14.
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  39. The court cited numerous examples where the federal law explicitly gave federal trademarks stronger weight than other kinds. See, for example, 15 U.S.C. § 1127: "The intent of this chapter is ... to protect registered marks used in such commerce from interference by State, or territorial legislation."
  40. AP Wire (2007-03-28). "Burger King Offers Cage-Free Food". Associated Press. Retrieved 2007-08-21. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  41. ^ Herb Weisbaum (2006-07-06). "Burger King Launches Line Of Jumbo High-Rise Burgers". KOMO Radio (Seattle, WA). Retrieved 2007-10-24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  42. ^ Bruce Horovitz (2005-05-03). "Burger King to offer whopper of a breakfast sandwich". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2007-10-24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  43. ^ Heather Lalley (2005-09-06). "Word of the day: Meat'Normous". the Spokesman Review (Spokane, WA). Retrieved 2007-09-01. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  44. AP Wire (2007-05-17). "Burger King responds to trans-fat cooking oil suit". CTV. Retrieved 2007-09-28. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  45. AP Wire (2006-11-16). "Spain Nixes Burger King Ad". CBS News. Retrieved 2007-09-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  46. "Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative". The Council of Better Business Bureaus. Retrieved 2007-10-04.
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  49. Bruce Horovitz (2007-09-21). "Burger King has a new twist on fries: Fresh Apples". USA Today. Retrieved 2007-09-21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  50. Adrian Sainz (2007-09-12). "Burger King to sell broiled chicken in healthier kid menu". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2007-09-12. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  51. John Innes (2005-09-07). "Burger King recalls 'sacrilegious' desserts". Scotsman.com. Retrieved 2007-09-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  52. Julia Goldman (1999-09-01). "Dumping West Bank store puts Burger King in a pickle". The Jewish News Weekly. Retrieved 2007-10-01. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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  54. BKC press release (2007-02-05). "Burger King Corporation Issues "Penny per Pound" Statement". Burger King Holdings. Retrieved 2007-10-04. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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  58. "Burger King Cancer Caring Center". Retrieved 2007-09-28.
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  60. Mark Hamstra (1997-12-22). "Burger King attacks McD with french-fry launch". Nation's Restaurant News. Retrieved 2007-10-12. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  61. AP Wire (1998-03-17). "Burger King Debuts New 99¢ 'Great Tastes' Menu". The Kansas City Star. Retrieved 2007-10-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  62. "Burger King promotes new menu". South Florida Business Journal. 2002-09-12. Retrieved 2007-10-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  63. BKC publication (July 2007). "US Regional Menu Nutritional Brochure" (PDF). Burger King Holdings. Retrieved 2007-10-24.
  64. The Gale Group (2004-08-04). "Chains beef up with Black Angus". Nation's Restaurant News. Retrieved 2007-07-16. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  65. Kevin Newcomb (2004-10-07). "Burger King's Back With New Buzz". ClickZ.com. Retrieved 2007-06-10. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  66. Shep Hyken (2006-05-26). "Customer service and more". Retrieved 2007-09-26. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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  68. Jason Rip (2006-06-19). "Ten Fast Food Fiascoes". Associated Content. Retrieved 2007-10-24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  69. Mark Schoifet (1986-01-01). "Herb falls flat, but Wendy's breaks another winner". Nation's Restaurant News. Retrieved 2007-10-24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  70. "Burger King in MySpace campaign". Mad.co.uk. 2006-05-13. Retrieved 2007-08-27. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  71. Peter Delegge (2005-07-31). "Burger King Goes Tasteless". MarketingToday.com. Retrieved 2007-08-25. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  72. Robyn Tippins (2006-08-03). "Burger King's Table Guests". AllBusiness.com. Retrieved 2007-08-25. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  73. "CP+B website, ://Work section". Crispin Porter + Bogusky. Retrieved 2007-10-24. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  74. B.L. Ochman (2004-04-12). "Burger King Has Fun With Subservient Chicken Viral Campaign". Retrieved 2007-08-25. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  75. Evelyn Nussenbaum (2007-04-23). "Is Burger King Perverting Children?". Madisdon Avenue*West. Retrieved 2007-08-25. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  76. BKC press release (1999-04-14). "Burger King Shares Extensive Transformation Plans". BizJornals on Bison.com. Retrieved 2007-10-09. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  77. Hoovers.com. "Wendy's International, Inc". Hoovers.com. Retrieved 2007-09-26.

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