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<!--New additions to the list MUST be properly referenced with properly formatted <ref> tags like this: <ref>(website or book information)</ref> Simply referencing with a URL is fine, we can fix the formatting later.--> <!--New additions to the list MUST be properly referenced with properly formatted <ref> tags like this: <ref>(website or book information)</ref> Simply referencing with a URL is fine, we can fix the formatting later.-->


This is a list of notable Freemasons. ] is a fraternal organisation which exists in a number of forms worldwide. Throughout history some members of the fraternity have made no secret of their involvement, while others have not made their membership public. In all cases, membership can only be proven by searching through the fraternity's records. Such records are most often kept at the individual ] level, and may be lost due to fire, flood, deterioration , or simple carelessness. ] governance may have shifted or reorganized, resulting in further loss of records on the member or the name, number, location or even existence of the Lodge in question. In areas of the world where Masonry has been suppressed by governments, records of entire Grand Lodges have been destroyed. Because of this, masonic membership can sometimes be difficult to verify. This is a list of notable Freemasons. ] is a fraternal organisation which exists in a number of forms worldwide. Throughout history some members of the fraternity have made no secret of their involvement, while others have not made their membership public. In some cases, membership can only be proven by searching through the fraternity's records. Such records are most often kept at the individual ] level, and may be lost due to fire, flood, deterioration , or simple carelessness. ] governance may have shifted or reorganized, resulting in further loss of records on the member or the name, number, location or even existence of the Lodge in question. In areas of the world where Masonry has been suppressed by governments, records of entire Grand Lodges have been destroyed. Because of this, masonic membership can sometimes be difficult to verify.


Standards of "proof" for those on this list may vary widely; some figures with no verified Lodge affiliation are claimed as Masons if anecdotal evidence suggests they were familiar with the "secret" signs and passes, but other figures are rejected over technical questions of irregularity in the Lodge that initiated them. Where available, specific Lodge membership information is provided; where serious questions of verification have been seriously reprimanded though cruel and harsh methods by other sources, this is indicated as well. Standards of "proof" for those on this list may vary widely; some figures with no verified Lodge affiliation are claimed as Masons if anecdotal evidence suggests they were familiar with the "secret" signs and passes, but other figures are rejected over technical questions of irregularity in the Lodge that initiated them. Where available, specific Lodge membership information is provided; where serious questions of verification have been noted by other sources, this is indicated as well.
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Revision as of 04:41, 20 November 2007

Template:Freemasonry2

This is a list of notable Freemasons. Freemasonry is a fraternal organisation which exists in a number of forms worldwide. Throughout history some members of the fraternity have made no secret of their involvement, while others have not made their membership public. In some cases, membership can only be proven by searching through the fraternity's records. Such records are most often kept at the individual Lodge level, and may be lost due to fire, flood, deterioration , or simple carelessness. Grand Lodge governance may have shifted or reorganized, resulting in further loss of records on the member or the name, number, location or even existence of the Lodge in question. In areas of the world where Masonry has been suppressed by governments, records of entire Grand Lodges have been destroyed. Because of this, masonic membership can sometimes be difficult to verify.

Standards of "proof" for those on this list may vary widely; some figures with no verified Lodge affiliation are claimed as Masons if anecdotal evidence suggests they were familiar with the "secret" signs and passes, but other figures are rejected over technical questions of irregularity in the Lodge that initiated them. Where available, specific Lodge membership information is provided; where serious questions of verification have been noted by other sources, this is indicated as well.

Contents

A

1° 18th June, 1867, at a specially convened meeting of the Lodge of the Pyramids, Alexandria, Egypt

B

Grand Master of Virginia from 1778 to 1784
  • Samuel Blatchford, Associate Justice (1882-1893)
  • Simón Bolívar, variously, a president of Venezuela, Colombia, Greater Colombia, Bolivia, & Peru. Lodge Order and Liberty No. 2, Peru.
Initiated: Cadiz, Spain
Joined Scottish Rite, 1807
Founder, Lodge Order and Liberty No. 2, Peru, 1824
1° 1880 St. Andrew’s Lodge No. 1
Initiated December 1l, 1816
Worshipful Master of Lancaster Lodge No. 43, Lancaster, PA 1822-1823
District Deputy Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania 1824 Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).

C

1° August 27, 1862
2° August 27, 1862
3° August 28, 1862

D

Former Master, Chelsea Lodge, England (resigned)
Founding Master of British Forces Foundation (Lodge) No. 9725
Grand Master of Masons in Georgia from 1843 until his death in Greensboro on May 6, 1856.

E

F

Past Master (later, Secretary) of Sancta Maria Lodge No. 2682
Past Master (later, Treasurer) of Misericordia Lodge No. 3286, 1935
Past Junior Grand Warden, Senior Grand Deacon 1942
Grand Warden, 1948 UGLE
Received the Distinguished Service Citation of the Grand Lodge of New York, USA.
Initiated September 30, 1949, Malta Lodge No. 465, Grand Rapids, Michigan
Passed to Fellowcraft April 20, 1951 Columbia Lodge No. 3, Washington, DC, courtesy to Malta Lodge No. 465, Grand Rapids, MI
Raised a Master Mason May 18, 1951 Columbia Lodge No. 3, Washington, DC, courtesy to Malta Lodge No. 465, Grand Rapids, MI Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).

G

1° November 19, 1861, Magnolia Lodge, No. 20, Columbus, Ohio
3° November 22, 1864 in Columbus Lodge No. 30, Columbus, Ohio
Affiliated with Garrettsville Lodge No. 246, Garrettsville, Ohio October 10, 1866
Chaplain Garrettsville Lodge No. 246, 1868-1869
Petitioners for Lodge Charter, & Charter Member of Pentalpha Lodge No. 23 of Washington, D.C. on May 4, 1869 Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).
Expelled in 1981 (some say 1976) by the Grand Orient of Italy.

H

1° June 28, 1901
3° August 27, 1920 Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).

I

  • Burl Ives 33°, Magnolia (now Magnolia-La Cumbre) Lodge No. 242, CA

J

St. Tammany Lodge No. 1 (A.K.A. Harmony Lodge No. 1), Nashville, Tennessee
Grand Master of Masons of Tennessee, October 7, 1822 until October 4, 1824 Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).
Initiated May 5, 1851 Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).
Founder of Lions Clubs International
  • Benito Juarez, President of Mexico. Rito Nacional Mexicano de la Logia Independiente, No. 02 Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).

K

  • David Kalakaua, King of Hawaii, 1874-91. Lodge Le Progress de l'Oceanie No. 124
  • Adolph Knigge, German author
  • Rudyard Kipling, Hope and Perseverance Lodge No. 782. E.C., Lahore, India; founding member, The Builders of the Silent Cities Lodge No. 12, St. Omer, France, F.R.

L

  • Joseph Lamar, Associate Justice (1888-1893), Webb Lodge No. 166 F.& A.M., Augusta, Georgia
Senior Warden of Webb Lodge #166 in 1885

M

Grand Master of Virginia from 1793-1795
demitted in 1856
1° Hiram Lodge No. 21, Winchester, Virginia May 1, 1865
Affiliated Canton Lodge No. 60, Canton, Ohio August 21, 1867
Demitted from same to become a...
Charter Member of Eagle Lodge No. 431, Canton, Ohio (a.k.a. William McKinley Lodge Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).
Initiated: November 9, 1775
Other Lodge records lost Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).
1° Zur Wohltätigkeit (Charity) Lodge, December 14, 1784
2° "Zur wahren Eintracht" (True Harmony) Lodge, January 7, 1785 (as "courtesy work" to home Lodge).
3° April 22, 1785
Composed several pieces of Masonic ritual music, the first at age 11.
1° Zur Wohltätigkeit (Charity) Lodge, April 6, 1785
2° Zur Wohltätigkeit (Charity) Lodge, April 16, 1785
3° Zur Wohltätigkeit (Charity) Lodge, April 22, 1785

N

Honored as Supreme Temple Architect 1995

P

Initiated June 5, 1820. Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).
1° Lodge Ovid, 1821

R

1° November 9, 1876
2° May 8, 1877
3° January 9, 1878
Excluded: October 1, 1880
All at Pilger Loge No. 238, UGLE
Grandmaster of Rite of Memphis-Misraïm, 1913
1° in Riviera Lodge No. 780 in Pacific Palisades, California, December 17, 1998
2° March 25, 1999
3° May 20, 1999
3° proficiency 1999
Affiliated with Culver City-Foshay Lodge No. 467 in Culver City, California in 1999
Southern California Research Lodge
Life Member, Los Angeles Scottish Rite Valley
Life Member, Scottish Rite Research Society
Knight Commander of the Court of Honour, 1999
  • Jose Rizal, Polymath and National Hero of the Philippines, Logia Solidaridad 53 Madrid, Spain; made honorary Worshipful Master of Nilad Lodge No. 144 in 1892
  • Bishop Charles Owen Leaver Riley, Anglican Archbishop, Grand Master of District Grand Lodge of Western Australia 1904-17, 1920-29.
  • Roy Rogers, Hollywood Lodge No. 355, CA
  • Will Rogers 32° , Claremore Lodge No. 53, OK Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).
  • Franklin Delano Roosevelt, U.S. President. Holland Lodge No. 8, NY
1° October 11, 1911, Holland Lodge No. 8.
First Honorary Grand Master of the Order of DeMolay, April 13, 1934 Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).
1° Matinecock Lodge No. 806, Oyster Bay, New York January 2, 1901 Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).

S

1° 9 July 1901 at Navy Lodge No. 2612
2° 2 November 1911, at Guild of Freemen Lodge No. 3525 (UGLE)
3° 30 May 1913 at Guild of Freemen Lodge No. 3525
1° Suomi Lodge No. 1, August 18, 1922
He wrote several pieces of interest to Masons including "Praising Hymn" and the "Ode to Fraternity."
1° May 7, 1818 in Ontario Lodge No. 23

T

  • Alphonso Taft, U.S. Attorney General and Secretary of War. Kilwinning Lodge No. 356, OH Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).
  • William Howard Taft, U.S. President. Kilwinning Lodge No. 356, OH
"Mason at sight" inside Kilwinning Lodge No. 356, OH, February 18, 1909 by Grand Master Charles S. Hoskinson Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).
Worshipful Master, Union Lodge No. 16 F.& A.M., Paris, Kentucky
  • Harry S Truman, U.S. President. 33°, Belton Lodge No. 450, Belton, MO
1° February 9, 1909
Worshipful Master, Grandview Lodge No. 618, Grandview, Missouri
Past Grand Master of Missouri, 1940-1941
Honorary Grand Master of the International Supreme Council, Order of DeMolay, May 18, 1959 Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).
  • Mark Twain, American author. Polar Star Lodge No. 79, A.F.& A.M., St. Louis, Missouri.
1° May 22nd, 1861
2° June 12th, 1861
3°July 10, 1861
Suspended for non-payment of dues and later reinstated April 24th, 1867. Demitted October 1867, but recorded as having visited Carson City Lodge U.D. in February and March of 1868.

V

W

  • Sir Charles Warren, Archaeologist. Surveyor of Herod's Temple. Royal Lodge of Friendship No. 278, Gibraltar.
  • Earl Warren, Chief Justice (1953-1969), 33°
Grand Master of California 1935 to 1936
Potentate of Aahmes Shrine
  • George Washington Past Master, Alexandria Lodge No. 22, Virginia. General, Politician, First American President
  • John Wayne, Marion McDaniel Lodge No. 56, Tucson, Arizona
Glendale DeMolay Chapter (during high school)
awarded the DeMolay Legion of Honor in 1970
1° July 9, 1970 Marion McDaniel Lodge No. 56
2° July 10, 1970 Marion McDaniel Lodge No. 56
3° July 11, 1970 Marion McDaniel Lodge No. 56
December 1970, he joined the York Rite Bodies in California
Shriner, Al Malaikah Shrine Temple
"adopted" May 18, 1691

Y

1° Lodge of Integrity No. 189 (later 163) Manchester, October 25, 1854
Affiliated with Fidelity Lodge No. 623 April 27, 1855
Worshipful Master of Fidelity Lodge No. 623, Dunkinfield, 1857
Expelled from the Ancient and Accepted Rite
Demitted (from all regular Freemasonry), 1862

References

  1. http://mondediplo.com/1997/09/masons 1864 (one on-line source says 1867, contemporary sources say 1864), member Henri IV, Paris, but degree work conducted at Lodge of the Pyramids, Alexandria, Egypt
  2. http://www.masonicphilatelicclub.org.uk/page7.html
  3. ^ http://www.masonicinfo.com/famous1.htm Cite error: The named reference "masonicinfo-1" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  4. ^ Pages 202-203 The Freemasons: A History of the World's Most Powerful Secret Society, by Jasper Ridley
  5. ^ http://www.calodges.org/no406/FAMASONS.HTM
  6. "Mrs. Elizabeth Aldworth". Biograpy/Aldworth. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon A.F. & A.M. 2002-02-25. Retrieved 2007-04-25. upon secretly observing the first two degrees of a lodge at labour in her father's home, she was discovered and, after discussion, initiated in the Entered Apprentice and Fellowcraft Degree. A champion of Freemasonry {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ Famous Belgian freemasons, Grand Orient of Belgium
  8. Masoniclibrary.com
  9. ^ http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/texts/nine.html Grand Lodge of British Columbia & Yukon's "La Loge des Neufs Soeurs" page
  10. Rose, Gerry (29). "The Venetian Takeover of England and Its Creation of Freemasonry". The American Almanac. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help); Unknown parameter |laydate= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |laysource= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |laysummary= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  11. Bicentenial Commemorative Volume of Holland Lodge No. 8, Published by the Lodge, New York, 1988
  12. http://www.province.org.uk/famous.htm
  13. http://lodge1759.mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk/famousmasons.htm
  14. http://abbey.lodge.org.uk/famous-masons.htm
  15. http://www.mokanna329.org/mokfamous.html
  16. ^ Cite error: The named reference AASR-hall was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/bach_jc/bach_jc.html
  18. ^ http://bessel.org/sctfmy.htm Paul M. Bessel's Supreme Court page
  19. About us page from Freemasonry Today
  20. Bakunin and the Italians, T. R.Ravindranathan,, McGill-Queen's University Press, 1988
  21. http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/bartholdi_f/bartholdi_f.html
  22. ^ http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/textfiles/famous.html Grand Lodge of British Columbia & Yukon's "A few famous freemasons" page
  23. Exsequi Lodge History: Famous Freemasons
  24. http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/berlin_i/berlin_i.html
  25. Dávila del Valle. Oscar G., Presencia del ideario masónico en el proyecto revolucionario antillano de Ramón Emeterio Betances, available at the Grande Loja Carbonária do Brasil's website,
  26. "Bischof, Francis Erich (Frank) (1904 - 1979), [[Australian Dictionary of Biography]]". {{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  27. ^ http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/bolivar_s/bolivar_s.html
  28. [http://www.ilmason.org/history.html "The History of Illinois Freemasonry". Accessed September 25, 2007.
  29. "Borden at GL of BC".
  30. "Famous Freemasons. Political and civil rights leaders: Australia".
  31. The Cause of Humanity’: Charles Bradlaugh and Freemasonry (PDF), The Centre for Research into Freemasonry, Sheffield University
  32. "In the Index of the Regius Manuscript: Section VII, Anglo-Saxon Masonry and the Constitution"
  33. *Reid, Robie L. Historical Notes and Biographical Sketches 1848 - 1935 "Bio of Robert Burnaby" at Grand Lodge BC & Yukon website
  34. Robert Burns, Auld Lang Syne
  35. Denslow, William R. 10,000 Famous Freemasons p. 171 (2004 Kessinger Publishing)ISBN 1417975784
  36. Plummer, Charles W. "General and Brother Joshua L. Chamberlain". MasonicWorld.com. Retrieved 2007-07-16.
  37. "Letters". The Churchill Society. Retrieved 2007-07-16.
  38. Bicentennial Commemorative Volume of Holland Lodge No. 8, Published by the Lodge, New York, 1988
  39. Masonic references in the works of Charles Williams Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon 2007
  40. Burke, Peter The New Cambridge Modern History p. 304 (1979 Cambridge University)
  41. Bigots united
  43. Crispi to be Expelled by Freemasons, New York Times, October 10, 1894, Page 2
  44. ^ http://www.ugle.org.uk/masonry/famous-masons.htm UGLE's "Famous" page
  45. Historical Marker placed by Grand Lodge of Georgia
  46. ADDRESS TO THE 2002 CALIFORNIA MASONIC SYMPOSIUM
  47. Blaise Diagne, député
  48. MEXICAN MASONRY- POLITICS & RELIGION Oscar J. Salinas
  49. Referenced at the US National Masonic Memorial, Alexandira, VA.
  50. "James H. Douglas, Governor of Vermont". Vermont Masonry in Action. Grand Lodge of Vermont. Retrieved 2007-07-16.
  51. Freemasonry and the Labour Party in London: Some Approaches, Andrew Prescott, 2002
  52. http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/textfiles/famous.html
  53. Entry Giuseppe Mazzini in Volume III K - P, 10,000 FAMOUS FREEMASONS, By WILLIAM R. DENSLOW], 1957, Macoy Publishing & Masonic Supply Co., Inc.
  54. http://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NY/masons.E-F.html
  55. Morris, Robert (Summer 2000). "Alexander Fleming, Mason And Discoverer of Penicillin". The Scottish Rite Journal. Scottish Rite S.J. USA. Retrieved 2007-07-16.
  56. The History of Masonry in Brazil – Bibliography: Menezes, Manuel Joaquim de, Exposição Histórica da Maçonaria no Brasil (1857); Mello, Mário Carneiro do Rego, A Maçonaria e a Revolução Republicana de 1817 (1912); Amaral, Braz do, A Conspiração Republicana da Bahia de 1798 (1926); Barros, F. Borges de, Primórdios das Sociedades Secretas na Bahia (1928); Kloppenburg, Boaventura, A Maçonaria no Brasil (Orientação para os Católicos) (1961)
  57. "In Mozart's Vienna, Freemasonry had flourished under the Hapsburgs mainly due to the influence of Francis Stephen, Duke of Lorraine, who, himself, was a Freemason." Wolfgang Amedeus Mozart - Master Mason.
  58. http://www.pagrandlodge.org
  59. http://www.grandlodge-nc.org/nc-mason/archives/2001/NCM_126_1.pdf
  60. Garibaldi — the mason Translated from Giuseppe Garibaldi Massone by the Grand Orient of Italy
  61. 5. What was the P2 Lodge?, Anti-masonry Frequently Asked Questions, Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon
  62. ^ Beresiner, Yasha. "Musical Masons". MQ Magazine, Issue 8 (January 2004). Accessed 18 July 2007.
  63. http://srjarchives.tripod.com/1998-09/LEAZER.HTM
  64. http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/goethe_j/goethe_j.html
  65. Sources disagree as to whether he was or wasn't: a member
  66. http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/prince_hall/famous.html sources "The Phylaxis Society Public Affairs Office and Masonic Information Center"
  67. McElligot, Willam. Lodge Room International Magazine. 2 (1): 7 http://www.lodgeroominternational.com/library/download/01January071.pdf. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |laydate=, |laysource=, |quotes=, |laysummary=, and |month= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  68. A Bavarian Illuminati primer
  69. http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/kipling_r/kipling_r.html
  70. http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/textfiles/famous.html
  71. history of Macoy Masonic Publishing house
  72. http://www.mastermason.com/wilmettepark/wellknownmasons.html mastermason.com
  73. Entry Giuseppe Mazzini in Volume III K - P, 10,000 FAMOUS FREEMASONS, By WILLIAM R. DENSLOW], 1957, Macoy Publishing & Masonic Supply Co., Inc.
  74. http://www.uglnsw.freemasonry.org.au
  75. Rose, Gerry (November 29, 1993). "The Venetian Takeover of England and Its Creation of Freemasonry". The American Almanac. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |laydate= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |laysource= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |laysummary= ignored (help)
  76. ^ http://www.freedomdomain.com/freemasons/mozart01.html
  77. Ernesto Nathan, 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica
  78. UGLE Accessed 13 Jun 07
  79. Noye's tangled web of corruption, Independent on Sunday, 14 April 2000
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  81. http://www.pagrandlodge.org/district37/672/WL672-FamousMasons.html PA GL
  82. Bicentenial Commemorative Volume of Holland Lodge No. 8, Published by the Lodge, New York, 1988
  83. http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/leplongeon_a/leplongeon.jpg
  84. http://www.freemasons-freemasonry.com/preston_illustrations_masonry_intro.html Preston Illust. masonry
  85. http://www.mastermason.com/wilmettepark/wellknownmasons.html
  86. http://www.freemasonry.org/phylaxis/notes_6_9_-_00.htm freemasonry.org
  87. http://www.uglnsw.freemasonry.org.au
  88. ^ http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/esoterica/reuss_t/reuss_t.html GL of BC&Y article on Reuss
  89. ^ http://www.srmason-sj.org/web/journal-files/Issues/sep03/casalou.htm
  90. ^ http://www.srmason-sj.org/council/journal/sep00/marsellos.html AASR-SJ article 2
  91. http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/frizal.htm
  92. http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A110403b.htm Australian Dictionary of Biography
  93. http://srjarchives.tripod.com/1998-09/LEAZER.HTM Scottish Rite Journal
  94. Rumford, William Byron, interviewee (1973). Legislator for fair employment, fair housing and public health : oral history transcript. Berkeley: Bancroft Library. Regional Oral History Office. p. 3. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  95. http://www.scripturecatholic.com/john_salza.html
  96. "At twenty-six he joined the Grand Orient Masonic Lodge at Leiria." OPPOSITION TO FATIMA (Part I), The Fatima Crusader, Issue 7 Page 12, Spring 1981
  97. http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/shackleton_e/shackleton_e.html
  98. http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/sibelius_j/sibelius_j.html
  99. Goodrick-Clarke 1985: 138 and see Howard 1989: 124 ("In 1901 von Sebottendorff was initiated into a Masonic lodge which, like many in the Middle East, had connections with the French Grand Orient"). Furthermore: "the masonic lodge, which Glauer had joined at Bursa in 1901, may have been a local cadre of the pre-revolutionary Secret Society of Union and Progress, founded on the model of Freemasonry by Salonican Turks to generate liberal consciousness during the repressive reign of the Sultan." (Goodrick-Clarke, op. cit., 139).
  100. ^ "James Wilson and James Sloan, who along with 'Diamond' Dan Winter, issued the first Orange lodge warrants from Sloan's Loughgall inn, were masons." The Men of no Popery, The Origins Of The Orange Order, by Jim Smyth, from History Ireland Vol 3 No 3 Autumn 1995
  101. http://www.freemason.org/cfo/may_june_2001/mormon.htm
  102. http://www.lds-mormon.com/morgan2.shtml lds-mormon.com
  103. http://www.freemason.org/cfo/may_june_2001/mormon.htm
  104. A Concise History of Freemasonry OLD EPSOMIAN LODGE
  105. http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/stukeley_w/stukeley_w.html
  106. Burnworth, Gerald. "Brother Samuel Langhorne Clemens: A Missouri Freemason". Paper read September 28, 1999 at the 178th Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge of Missouri. Accessed 2 July 2007
  107. http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/warren_c/warren_c.html
  109. http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/wayne_j/wayne_j.html GL BC&Y
  110. A Bavarian Illuminati primer
  111. http://www.mastermason.com/wilmettepark/wellknownmasons.html
  112. Jeff Winter
  113. http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/wren_c/wren_c.html
  114. http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/wren_c/adoption.html
  115. ^ http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/esoterica/yarker_j/yarker_j.html GL of BC&Y
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