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N is the fourteenth letter of the Latin alphabet. It can also refer to the following.

Science

• In astronomy,
  • N stands for a reddish class of stars.
  • N stands for the planet Neptune; for example, S/2002 N 4 is the fourth satellite of Neptune sighted in 2002.
  • N stands for a July 1 through 15 discovery, in the provisional designation of a comet (e.g. C/1825 N1, Comet Pons) or asteroid (e.g. (5387) 1980 NB).
• In biochemistry, N is the symbol for asparagine.
• In chemistry,
  • N is the symbol for Nitrogen.
  • N can denote a measure of purity, referring to the number of nines after the decimal point. So a substance of purity 3N is 0.999 (99.9%) pure, while a substance of purity 6N is 0.999999 (99.9999%) pure.
  • n can be used to denote number of moles.
  • N can be used to denote normality, a measure of concentration.
  • N, when preceding m, can indicate normal (cubic metres), i.e. cubic metres at STP. Not to be confused with newtons.
  • N- as a prefix in the IUPAC name of a chemical substance indicates that there is a subtituent on a nitrogen within the structure of the chemical substance.
• In electronics, N stands for a type of RF connector; see N connector.
• In genetics,
  • Haplogroup N (mtDNA) is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
  • Haplogroup N (Y-DNA) is a Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroup.
• In the metric system,
  • N is the symbol for the newton, the SI derived unit of force.
  • n, nano, is the SI prefix meaning 10.
• In physics,
  • n is the recommended symbol for: refractive index (optics), principal quantum number (atomic and nuclear physics), order of reflexion, electron number density (solid state physics), amount of substance (chemical physics).
  • N is the recommended symbol for: number of molecules (molecular physics), number of turns (electricity and magnetism), neutron number (atomic and nuclear physics), quantum number of total angular momentum (molecular spectroscopy).
  • N is the center of a face of the Brillouin zone of a body-centered cubic lattice.
  • N denotes normal force.
  • n is the symbol for a neutron.
  • N is the symbol for a nucleon.
  • N is the symbol for the Poynting vector

Mathematics

• Blackboard bold ${\displaystyle \mathbb {N} }$ represents the set of all natural numbers.
• n (or sometimes N) often stands for a natural number, and is frequently used as a generic counting variable. This meaning extends into everyday usage in phrases such as "to the nth degree".
• In the 1995 Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (a printed predecessor to the OEIS) sequences were numbered by lexicographic order prefixed by the letter N. Some older mathematical papers use these N numbers.
• In statistics, n is the size of a sample.
• In Roman numerals, N was used around 725 by Bede, or one of his colleagues, as the initial of nullae (i.e., none or zero) in a table of epacts.

Arts and entertainment

• In music,
  • N is the abbreviation for the Neapolitan chord.
  • N¯ denotes the start of the Nebenstimme in Second Viennese School scores.
  • "N" is a song by Korean band, Banya.
• In video games,
  • N is the abbreviation for Nintendo ("The Big 'N'"). Also the Nintendo 64 logo is a three-dimensional "N".
  • N is the name of an Adobe Flash game; see N (game).

Television

• n a Polish digital platform providing high-definition television channels.
• The N, an American channel meant for kids and teens.

Other uses

• In aviation, N is the first letter on aircraft, as administered by the International Civil Aviation Organization, that are registered in the United States.
• In calendars, N is often an abbreviation for the month November.
• in chess, N is a notation symbol for the knight piece, as the letter K is used for the king.
• In finance, N was the U.S. ticker symbol for Inco Limited
• In Japanese, N is a romanization of the kana ん and ン.
• In international licence plate codes, N stands for Norway
• In Microsoft Windows, Ctrl-N, and Mac OS X, Command-N, creates a new document, a new window or a new folder.
• In motor vehicles, N designates the neutral gear of a transmission
• As the first letter of a postal code,
  • In Canada, N stands for Western Ontario.
  • In the United Kingdom, N (when not followed by further letters) stands for North London.
• In radio communication, N is one of the ITU prefixes allocated to the United States. Call signs beginning with N are generally used by U.S. Navy radio stations, as well as civilian aircraft.
• In route numbering, N may be used as a prefix,
  • In the Republic of Ireland, standing for a National Primary Route or National Secondary Route.
  • In South Africa, standing for a national road.
• In bus routes numbers in London, N indicates a night service and prefixes the number of the day route (though there may be small route differences), which generally runs from about 23:00 to 06:00 the next day. Some 24 hour routes do not use the N prefix at night.
• In weather forecasting and geography, N stands for north, one of the 4 cardinal directions.
• When displayed on the back of a vehicle in British Columbia, N means a novice driver.
• 'n is used informally in the English language as an abbreviation for the word, "and" (eg: "Jerry 'n Carl" = "Jerry and Carl").
• "The 'N' word" is sometimes a politically correct replacement for the word "nigger".
• N or ₦ is the currency symbol for the naira.
• In Geotechnical engineering, N is the result of a standard penetration test, and is used in many empirical formulæ.
• N scale is a popular model railway size, using rails nine-millimetres apart.
• In electricity distribution systems N is the connection to earth via the supply network earthing system.
• The prefix N is used in a system for grading the strength of neodymium magnets, from N24 to the strongest, N54. The number after the N represents the magnetic energy product, in megagauss-oersteds (MGOe).

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