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]s produce many different ] with related structure and function. Proteins belonging to this family include the neurotoxins, of which there are several, including ''calitoxin'' and ''anthopleurin''. The neurotoxins bind specifically to the ], thereby delaying its inactivation during signal transduction, resulting in strong stimulation of mammalian cardiac muscle contraction. Calitoxin 1 has been found in neuromuscular preparations of ]s, where it increases transmitter release, causing firing of the ]s. Three disulphide bonds are present in this protein<ref name="PUB00034660">{{cite journal |author=Norton TR |title=Cardiotonic polypeptides from Anthopleura xanthogrammica (Brandt) and A. elegantissima (Brandt) |journal=Fed. Proc. |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=- |year=1981 |pmid=6108877}}</ref><ref name="PUB00034661">{{cite journal |author=Yasunobu KT, Norton TR, Reimer NS, Yasunobu CL |title=Amino acid sequence of the Anthopleura xanthogrammica heart stimulant, anthopleurin-B |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=260 |issue=15 |pages=- |year=1985 |pmid=4019448}}</ref><ref name="PUB00023402">{{cite journal |author=Scanlon MJ, Pallaghy PK, Norton RS, Monks SA |title=Solution structure of the cardiostimulant polypeptide anthopleurin-B and comparison with anthopleurin-A |journal=Structure |volume=3 |issue=8 |pages=- |year=1995 |pmid=7582896}}</ref>. |
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]s produce many different ] with related structure and function. Proteins belonging to this family include the neurotoxins, of which there are several, including ''calitoxin'' and ''anthopleurin''. The neurotoxins bind specifically to the ], thereby delaying its inactivation during signal transduction, resulting in strong stimulation of mammalian cardiac muscle contraction. Calitoxin 1 has been found in neuromuscular preparations of ]s, where it increases transmitter release, causing firing of the ]s. Three disulfide bonds are present in this protein<ref name="PUB00034660">{{cite journal |author=Norton TR |title=Cardiotonic polypeptides from Anthopleura xanthogrammica (Brandt) and A. elegantissima (Brandt) |journal=Fed. Proc. |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=- |year=1981 |pmid=6108877}}</ref><ref name="PUB00034661">{{cite journal |author=Yasunobu KT, Norton TR, Reimer NS, Yasunobu CL |title=Amino acid sequence of the Anthopleura xanthogrammica heart stimulant, anthopleurin-B |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=260 |issue=15 |pages=- |year=1985 |pmid=4019448}}</ref><ref name="PUB00023402">{{cite journal |author=Scanlon MJ, Pallaghy PK, Norton RS, Monks SA |title=Solution structure of the cardiostimulant polypeptide anthopleurin-B and comparison with anthopleurin-A |journal=Structure |volume=3 |issue=8 |pages=- |year=1995 |pmid=7582896}}</ref>. |
