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==Preparations== ==Preparations==
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==Impact== ==Impact==

Revision as of 22:53, 7 January 2008

Hurricane Gracie
Category 4 major hurricane (SSHWS/NWS)
FormedSeptember 20, 1959
DissipatedSeptember 30, 1959
Highest winds1-minute sustained: 140 mph (220 km/h)
Lowest pressure950 mbar (hPa); 28.05 inHg
Fatalities22 direct
Damage$90 million (1959 USD)
Areas affectedBahamas, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia
Part of the 1959 Atlantic hurricane season

Hurricane Gracie was a major hurricane that formed in September 1959, the strongest during the 1959 Atlantic hurricane season and the most intense to strike the United States since Hurricane Hazel. The system was first noted as an area of thunderstorms east of the Lesser Antilles which moved just north of the Greater Antilles, quickly intensifying into a hurricane on September 22. Gracie was a storm that was very difficult to forecast, with its movement unpredictable. After five days of looping, Gracie became a major hurricane which struck South Carolina, and weakened as it moved up the Appalachians, bringing much needed rain to a drought-plagued region. Much of the destruction related with Gracie was centered on Beaufort, South Carolina. Gracie became an extratropical cyclone on September 30 while moving through the Eastern United States.

Storm history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key Saffir–Simpson scale   Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown Storm type circle Tropical cyclone square Subtropical cyclone triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

An area of squally weather was first noted a few hundred miles east of the Lesser Antilles on September 18. The convective area organized into a tropical depression near the north coast of Hispaniola on September 20. After moving west-northwestward for a day, it turned northeastward, where upper level winds were very favorable and steering currents were very weak. On September 22 Gracie was named as a tropical depression before it developed into a tropical storm, followed by reaching hurricane strength later that night. It turned to the east on September 25, and turned back west on September 27. Then, with a firm anticyclone in place and set steering currents, it moved steadily west-northwestward.

Gracie quickly strengthened and reached its peak of 140 mph (225 km/h) winds on the 29th, but cooler air and land interaction weakened it to a 120 mph (195 km/h) Category 3 major hurricane at the time of its Beaufort, South Carolina landfall that night. After landfall, Gracie moved inland and north and became extratropical on September 30.

Preparations

Small craft warnings were raised for the Florida east coast southward through the Florida Keys up the west coast to Cedar Key by 10 a.m. on September 21. On the afternoon of September 22, small craft warnings were extended northward to Jacksonville, Florida. Small craft were advised to not venture far from port on the morning of September 23 along the Georgia and South Carolina coasts. Late on the morning of September 23, small craft warnings were dropped for the Florida west coast, Florida Keys, and coastline south of Miami, Florida. On the morning of September 24, small craft warnings were dropped. Small craft were advised to remain in port from Palm Beach, Florida northward through the South Carolina coast. Small craft were advised to remain near port south of Cape Hatteras along the North Carolina coast. On the morning of September 25, small craft along the northeast Florida and Georgia coasts were advised to remain in port, while small vessels were recommended to remain near port along the coasts of the Carolinas. By the morning of September 27, small craft were advised to remain near port from northeast Florida northward through the Carolinas. By the afternoon of September 27, with Gracie on a definite west-northeast track, small craft were advised to stay in port from the central Florida coast northward through Georgia, with the advice being extended northward through the Carolinas by 8 p.m. A hurricane watch was issued for the coast of the United States from Savannah, Georgia to Wilmington, North Carolina at 11 a.m. on September 28, which were quickly updated to hurricane warnings by 2 p.m. the same day.

Impact

Storm surge flooding was minimal due to the storm's landfall near the time of low tide. Several tornadoes accompanied the dissipating storm through Virginia and twelve people were killed near Charlottesville, Virginia. Gracie also killed 10 people in South Carolina and Georgia, mainly due to wind and rain-induced automobile accidents, falling trees and electrocution by live wires. Wind damage was quite significant across South Carolina, particularly the city of Beaufort, South Carolina, with many downed trees, telephone poles, and streetlights. Also, numerous windows were shattered and shingles were torn off of roofs. A number of creeks overflowed causing floodwaters that, in areas, were several feet deep. For the most part, rainfall from Gracie was beneficial as it moved up the Appalachians since the area had been in a drought preceding the cyclone. It would be 30 years before another major hurricane stuck South Carolina; Hurricane Hugo in September 1989.

Retirement

See also: List of retired Atlantic hurricanes

The name Gracie was retired and will never be used for an Atlantic hurricane again; this was before the formal lists were created, so it was not replaced with any particular name.

See also

Template:Tcportal


References

  1. ^ National Hurricane Center. Preliminary Report on Hurricane Gracie: September 22-October 1, 1959. Retrieved on 2008-01-07.
  2. ^ Allan Huffman Hurricane Gracie. Retrieved on 2008-01-07.
  3. National Hurricane Center. San Juan Weather Bureau Weather Bulletin for Press Radio and Television 3 PM September 18 1959. Retrieved on 2008-01-07.
  4. National Hurricane Center. Miami Weather Bureau Advisory Number 1 Tropical Depression Gracie 1030 AM EST September 22 1959. Retrieved on 2008-01-07.
  5. Weather Underground (2007). "Hurricane Gracie". Wunderground.com. Retrieved 2007-11-08.
  6. National Hurricane Center. Miami Weather Bureau Bulletin For Press Radio and Television 10 AM Monday September 21 1959. Retrieved on 2008-01-07.
  7. National Hurricane Center. Miami Weather Bureau Advisory Number 2 Hurricane Gracie 5 PM EST September 22 1959. Retrieved on 2008-01-07.
  8. National Hurricane Center. Miami Weather Bureau Hurricane Advisory Number 4 Gracie 5 AM September 23 1959. Retrieved on 2008-01-07.
  9. National Hurricane Center. Miami Weather Bureau Advisory Number 8 Hurricane Gracie 5 AM September 24 1959. Retrieved on 2008-01-07.
  10. National Hurricane Center. Miami Weather Bureau Advisory Number 13 Hurricane Gracie 5 AM September 25 1959. Retrieved on 2008-01-07.
  11. National Hurricane Center. Miami Weather Bureau Advisory Number 20 Hurricane Gracie 5 AM September 27 1959. Retrieved on 2008-01-07.
  12. National Hurricane Center. Miami Weather Bureau Advisory Number 22 Hurricane Gracie 5 PM September 27 1959. Retrieved on 2008-01-07.
  13. National Hurricane Center. Hurricane Gracie Preliminary Storm Report, page 2. Retrieved on 2008-01-07.

External links

 

Retired Atlantic hurricane names
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
Tropical cyclones of the 1959 Atlantic hurricane season
TSArlene TSBeulah 1Escuminac Hurricane 1Cindy 1Debra TSEdith 1Flora 4Gracie 3Hannah TSIrene 1Judith
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