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			==References==
	#REDIRECT ]
			*{{cite book\|
			title=Origins and Development of Living Systems.\|
			last=Brooks\|
			first=J\|
			coauthors=Shaw, G.\|
			year=1973\|
			publisher=]\|
			id=ISBN 0-12-135740-6\|
			pages=359
			}}
			*{{cite book\|
			title=Vital Dust: The Origin and Evolution of Life on Earth\|
			last=De Duve \|
			first=Christian\|
			authorlink=Christian de Duve\|
			year=1996\|
			month=Jan\|
			publisher=]\|
			id=ISBN 0-465-09045-1\|
			}}
			*{{cite journal \| author=Fernando CT, Rowe, J\| title=Natural selection in chemical evolution. \| journal=Journal of Theoretical Biology \| year=2007 \| volume=247 \| pages=152-67}}
			*{{cite journal\| author=Horgan, J \|title=In the beginning \|journal=]\| year=1991 \|volume=264 \| pages=100–109}} (Cited on p. 108).
			*{{cite journal\| author=Huber, C. and Wächterhäuser, G., \|title=Peptides by activation of amino acids with CO on (Ni,Fe)S surfaces: implications for the origin of life\|journal=]\| year=1998 \|volume=281 \| pages=670–672}} (Cited on p. 108).
			*{{cite journal\| author=Martin, W. and Russell M.J. \|title=On the origins of cells: a hypothesis for the evolutionary transitions from abiotic geochemistry to chemoautotrophic prokaryotes, and from prokaryotes to nucleated cells
			\|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological sciences\| year=2002 \|volume=358 \| pages=59-85}}
			*{{cite journal \| author=Russell MJ, Hall AJ, Cairns-Smith AG, Braterman PS \| title=Submarine hot springs and the origin of life \| journal=Nature \| year=1988 \| volume=336 \| pages=117}}
			*{{cite journal \| author=JW Schopf et al. \| title=Laser-Raman imagery of Earth's earliest fossils. \| journal=Nature \| year=2002 \| volume=416 \| pages=73-76 \| id=PMID 11882894}}
			*{{cite book\|
			title=The Origins of Life: From the Birth of Life to the Origin of Language\|
			last=Maynard Smith\|
			first=John\|
			authorlink=John Maynard Smith\|
			coauthors=Szathmary, Eors\|
			date=2000-03-16\|
			publisher=Oxford Paperbacks\|
			id=ISBN 0-19-286209-X
			}}
			*{{cite book\|
			last=Hazen\|
			first=Robert M.\|
			publisher=Joseph Henry Press\|
			id=ISBN 0-309-09432-1\|
			year=2005\|
			month=Dec\|
			title=Genesis: The Scientific Quest for Life's Origins\|
			url=http://newton.nap.edu/books/0309094321/html
			}}
			*Morowitz, Harold J. (1992) "Beginnings of Cellular Life: Metabolism Recapitulates Biogenesis". Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-05483-1
			==External links==
			* {{PDFlink\|\|192 ]<!-- application/pdf, 197274 bytes -->}}
			* by ] <small>(web archive version as original page no longer accessible)</small>
			*
			*
			*
			*
			*
			* - an article in Scientific American. March 28, 2007


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Revision as of 00:02, 20 March 2008

References

Brooks, J (1973). Origins and Development of Living Systems. Academic Press. p. 359. ISBN 0-12-135740-6. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
De Duve, Christian (1996). Vital Dust: The Origin and Evolution of Life on Earth. Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-09045-1. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
Fernando CT, Rowe, J (2007). "Natural selection in chemical evolution". Journal of Theoretical Biology. 247: 152–67.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Horgan, J (1991). "In the beginning". Scientific American. 264: 100–109. (Cited on p. 108).
Huber, C. and Wächterhäuser, G., (1998). "Peptides by activation of amino acids with CO on (Ni,Fe)S surfaces: implications for the origin of life". Science. 281: 670–672.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) (Cited on p. 108).
Martin, W. and Russell M.J. (2002). "On the origins of cells: a hypothesis for the evolutionary transitions from abiotic geochemistry to chemoautotrophic prokaryotes, and from prokaryotes to nucleated cells". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological sciences. 358: 59–85.
Russell MJ, Hall AJ, Cairns-Smith AG, Braterman PS (1988). "Submarine hot springs and the origin of life". Nature. 336: 117.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
JW Schopf; et al. (2002). "Laser-Raman imagery of Earth's earliest fossils". Nature. 416: 73–76. PMID 11882894. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
Maynard Smith, John (2000-03-16). The Origins of Life: From the Birth of Life to the Origin of Language. Oxford Paperbacks. ISBN 0-19-286209-X. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
Hazen, Robert M. (2005). Genesis: The Scientific Quest for Life's Origins. Joseph Henry Press. ISBN 0-309-09432-1. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
Morowitz, Harold J. (1992) "Beginnings of Cellular Life: Metabolism Recapitulates Biogenesis". Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-05483-1

External links

Template:PDFlink
"SELF-REPLICATION: Even peptides do it" by Stuart A. Kauffman (web archive version as original page no longer accessible)
Origins of Life website including papers, resources, by Dr. Michael Russell at the U. of Glasgow
Possible Connections Between Interstellar Chemistry and the Origin of Life on the Earth
Scientists Find Clues That Life Began in Deep Space — NASA Astrobiology Institute
Self-organizing biochemical cycles — by Leslie Orgel
How Life Began: New Research Suggests Simple Approach
Primordial Soup's On: Scientists Repeat Evolution's Most Famous Experiment - an article in Scientific American. March 28, 2007

v t e Origin of life
History of research	Panspermia (5th century BC) Spontaneous generation (4th century BC) Primordial soup (19th century)
Prebiotic synthesis	Pseudo-panspermia Miller–Urey experiment Formamide-based prebiotic chemistry Alternative abiogenesis scenarios
Protocells	GADV-protein world Clay hypothesis Iron–sulfur world Primordial sandwich PAH world Peptide-RNA world Quasispecies model RNA world
Earliest organisms	Earliest known life forms Last universal common ancestor (LUCA)
Research	Astrobiology Paleobiology

v t e Branches of biology
Abiogenesis Aerobiology Agronomy Agrostology Anatomy Astrobiology Bacteriology Biochemistry Biogeography Biogeology Bioinformatics Biological engineering Biomechanics Biophysics Biosemiotics Biostatistics Biotechnology Botany Cell biology Cellular microbiology Chemical biology Chronobiology Cognitive biology Computational biology Conservation biology Cryobiology Cytogenetics Dendrology Developmental biology Ecological genetics Ecology Embryology Epidemiology Epigenetics Evolutionary biology Freshwater biology Generative biology Genetics Genomics Geobiology Gerontology Herpetology Histology Human biology Ichthyology Immunology Lipidology Mammalogy Marine biology Mathematical biology Microbiology Molecular biology Mycology Neontology Neuroscience Nutrition Ornithology Osteology Paleontology Parasitology Pathology Pharmacology Photobiology Phycology Phylogenetics Physiology Pomology Primatology Proteomics Protistology Quantum biology Relational biology Reproductive biology Sociobiology Structural biology Synthetic biology Systematics Systems biology Taxonomy Teratology Toxicology Virology Virophysics Xenobiology Zoology
See also	History of biology Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Timeline of biology and organic chemistry

Branches of biology

Revision as of 14:45, 17 January 2008 editCausa sui (talk \| contribs)Administrators24,854 edits #REDIRECT Abiogenesis per talk← Previous edit		Revision as of 00:02, 20 March 2008 edit undoDeBruijn (talk \| contribs)11 edits Restoring vandalized contentsNext edit →
Line 1:		Line 1:
			==References==
	#REDIRECT ]
			*{{cite book\|
			title=Origins and Development of Living Systems.\|
			last=Brooks\|
			first=J\|
			coauthors=Shaw, G.\|
			year=1973\|
			publisher=]\|
			id=ISBN 0-12-135740-6\|
			pages=359
			}}
			*{{cite book\|
			title=Vital Dust: The Origin and Evolution of Life on Earth\|
			last=De Duve \|
			first=Christian\|
			authorlink=Christian de Duve\|
			year=1996\|
			month=Jan\|
			publisher=]\|
			id=ISBN 0-465-09045-1\|
			}}
			*{{cite journal \| author=Fernando CT, Rowe, J\| title=Natural selection in chemical evolution. \| journal=Journal of Theoretical Biology \| year=2007 \| volume=247 \| pages=152-67}}
			*{{cite journal\| author=Horgan, J \|title=In the beginning \|journal=]\| year=1991 \|volume=264 \| pages=100–109}} (Cited on p. 108).
			*{{cite journal\| author=Huber, C. and Wächterhäuser, G., \|title=Peptides by activation of amino acids with CO on (Ni,Fe)S surfaces: implications for the origin of life\|journal=]\| year=1998 \|volume=281 \| pages=670–672}} (Cited on p. 108).
			*{{cite journal\| author=Martin, W. and Russell M.J. \|title=On the origins of cells: a hypothesis for the evolutionary transitions from abiotic geochemistry to chemoautotrophic prokaryotes, and from prokaryotes to nucleated cells
			\|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological sciences\| year=2002 \|volume=358 \| pages=59-85}}
			*{{cite journal \| author=Russell MJ, Hall AJ, Cairns-Smith AG, Braterman PS \| title=Submarine hot springs and the origin of life \| journal=Nature \| year=1988 \| volume=336 \| pages=117}}
			*{{cite journal \| author=JW Schopf et al. \| title=Laser-Raman imagery of Earth's earliest fossils. \| journal=Nature \| year=2002 \| volume=416 \| pages=73-76 \| id=PMID 11882894}}
			*{{cite book\|
			title=The Origins of Life: From the Birth of Life to the Origin of Language\|
			last=Maynard Smith\|
			first=John\|
			authorlink=John Maynard Smith\|
			coauthors=Szathmary, Eors\|
			date=2000-03-16\|
			publisher=Oxford Paperbacks\|
			id=ISBN 0-19-286209-X
			}}
			*{{cite book\|
			last=Hazen\|
			first=Robert M.\|
			publisher=Joseph Henry Press\|
			id=ISBN 0-309-09432-1\|
			year=2005\|
			month=Dec\|
			title=Genesis: The Scientific Quest for Life's Origins\|
			url=http://newton.nap.edu/books/0309094321/html
			}}
			*Morowitz, Harold J. (1992) "Beginnings of Cellular Life: Metabolism Recapitulates Biogenesis". Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-05483-1
			==External links==
			* {{PDFlink\|\|192 ]<!-- application/pdf, 197274 bytes -->}}
			* by ] <small>(web archive version as original page no longer accessible)</small>
			*
			*
			*
			*
			*
			* - an article in Scientific American. March 28, 2007


			{{origin_of_life}}

			{{Biology-footer}}
			{{Nature nav}}

			]
			]
			]


			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
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