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Revision as of 00:51, 20 January 2008 editHardyplants (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Rollbackers17,924 edits says who?- now you are just fishing for a resoan to exclude, add another ref for poisoning.← Previous edit Revision as of 00:56, 20 January 2008 edit undoජපස (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers60,450 edits sorry, this particular source is a fringe journal and is therefore not a reliable source. Please read the relevant links in this summary.Next edit →
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Bisset NG.</ref> also earning ''A. napellus'' its ]. Bisset NG.</ref> also earning ''A. napellus'' its ].


Aconite made from the roots of a number of different species of ''Aconitum'' is used ]ly at low ]s in ] (TCM), to treat "coldness", general debility, and "Yang deficiency", it is used as an analgesic by homeopaths; it effects the cardiovascular and central nervous systems and a number of cases of poisoning have been documented from its use.<ref> Aconite made from the roots of a number of different species of ''Aconitum'' is used ]ly at low ]s in ] (TCM), to treat "coldness", general debility, and "Yang deficiency"; it effects the cardiovascular and central nervous systems and a number of cases of poisoning have been documented from its use<ref> Vet Hum Toxicol. 1994 Oct;36(5):452-5.Links
Fatovich, D M ''Aconite: a lethal Chinese herb''.
Citation:Ann-Emerg-Med. 1992 Mar; 21(3): 309-11 http://grande.nal.usda.gov/ibids/index.php?mode2=detail&origin=ibids_references&therow=202451</ref><ref> Vet Hum Toxicol. 1994 Oct;36(5):452-5.Links
''Aconitine poisoning due to Chinese herbal medicines: a review''. ''Aconitine poisoning due to Chinese herbal medicines: a review''.
Chan TY, Tomlinson B, Tse LK, Chan JC, Chan WW, Critchley JA</ref><ref>''Severe Acute Poisoning with Homemade Aconitum napellus Capsules: Toxicokinetic and Clinical Data'' Chan TY, Tomlinson B, Tse LK, Chan JC, Chan WW, Critchley JA</ref><ref>''Severe Acute Poisoning with Homemade Aconitum napellus Capsules: Toxicokinetic and Clinical Data''

Revision as of 00:56, 20 January 2008

Aconitum napellus
Plant in flower, Austria
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Ranunculaceae
Genus: Aconitum
Species: A. napellus
Binomial name
Aconitum napellus
L.

Aconitum napellus (Monkshood, "aconite", "Wolf's Bane", Fuzi, and "Monk's Blood") is a species of Aconitum in the family Ranunculaceae, native and endemic to western and central Europe.

It is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to 1 m tall, with hairless stems and leaves. The leaves are rounded, 5-10 cm diameter, palmately divided into five to seven deeply lobed segments. The flowers are dark purple to bluish-purple, narrow oblong helmet-shaped, 1-2 cm tall.

Nine subspecies are accepted by the Flora Europaea:

  • Aconitum napellus subsp. napellus. Southwest England.
  • Aconitum napellus subsp. corsicum (Gáyer) W.Seitz. Corsica.
  • Aconitum napellus subsp. firmum (Rchb.) Gáyer. Central and eastern Europe.
  • Aconitum napellus subsp. fissurae (Nyár.) W.Seitz. Balkans to southwest Russia.
  • Aconitum napellus subsp. hians (Rchb.) Gáyer. Central Europe.
  • Aconitum napellus subsp. lusitanicum Rouy. Southwest Europe.
  • Aconitum napellus subsp. superbum (Fritsch) W.Seitz. Western Balkans.
  • Aconitum napellus subsp. tauricum (Wulfen) Gáyer. Eastern Alps, southern Carpathians.
  • Aconitum napellus subsp. vulgare (DC.) Rouy & Foucaud. Alps, Pyrenees, northern Spain.

Plants native to Asia and North America formerly listed as A. napellus are now regarded as separate species.

Plants are grown in gardens in temperate zones for their spike-like inflorescences that are showy in early-mid summer and their attractive foliage. There are white and rose colored forms in cultivation too.

Uses

Like other species in the genus, it is extremely poisonous, generating enough cardiac poison to be used to tip spears and arrows for hunting and battle in ancient times, also earning A. napellus its namesake.

Aconite made from the roots of a number of different species of Aconitum is used ethnomedically at low dilutions in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), to treat "coldness", general debility, and "Yang deficiency"; it effects the cardiovascular and central nervous systems and a number of cases of poisoning have been documented from its use

References

  • 19th century illustration 19th century illustration

External links

References

  1. J Ethnopharmacol. 1981 Nov;4(3):247-336. Arrow poisons in China. Part II. Aconitum--botany, chemistry, and pharmacology. Bisset NG.
  2. Vet Hum Toxicol. 1994 Oct;36(5):452-5.Links Aconitine poisoning due to Chinese herbal medicines: a review. Chan TY, Tomlinson B, Tse LK, Chan JC, Chan WW, Critchley JA
  3. Severe Acute Poisoning with Homemade Aconitum napellus Capsules: Toxicokinetic and Clinical Data Authors: Fabienne Moritz a; Patricia Compagnon b; Isabelle Guery Kaliszczak a; Yann Kaliszczak c; Valérie Caliskan a; Christophe Girault d DOI: 10.1080/15563650500357594 Clinical Toxicology, Volume 43, Issue 7 December 2005 , pages 873 - 876
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