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| '''Taoism''', ] '''Daoism''' is an Asian philosophy or religion. | |||
| <B>Taoism</B> is an Asian philosophy or religion. '''Taoism''' was the original English spelling, but it is now often written as ], as that conveys its pronunciation better. | |||
| Dao (道 HTML Unicode: &#36947;) |
'''Dao''' or '''Tao''' (道 HTML Unicode: &#36947;) is an Asian philosophy/religion, though it is also said to be neither but rather a <i>way</i> of life. Translated literally it means "Way" or "Path". The Dao is the natural order of things. It is a force that flows through every living or sentient object, as well as through the entire universe. | ||
| Daoism is a tradition that has, with ], shaped Chinese life for more than 2,000 years. Daoism places emphasis upon individual freedom and spontaneity, non-interventionist government and social primitivism and ideas of self-transformation, and so represents in many ways the antithesis to Confucian concern with individual moral duties, community standards, and governmental responsibilities. | Daoism is a tradition that has, with ], shaped Chinese life for more than 2,000 years. Daoism places emphasis upon individual freedom and spontaneity, non-interventionist government and social primitivism and ideas of self-transformation, and so represents in many ways the antithesis to Confucian concern with individual moral duties, community standards, and governmental responsibilities. | ||
Revision as of 22:40, 3 September 2002
Taoism, also spelled Daoism is an Asian philosophy or religion.
Dao or Tao (道 HTML Unicode: 道) is an Asian philosophy/religion, though it is also said to be neither but rather a way of life. Translated literally it means "Way" or "Path". The Dao is the natural order of things. It is a force that flows through every living or sentient object, as well as through the entire universe.
Daoism is a tradition that has, with Confucianism, shaped Chinese life for more than 2,000 years. Daoism places emphasis upon individual freedom and spontaneity, non-interventionist government and social primitivism and ideas of self-transformation, and so represents in many ways the antithesis to Confucian concern with individual moral duties, community standards, and governmental responsibilities.
Traditionally, Taoism has been attributed to three sources: The oldest, the mythical 'Yellow Emperor'; the most famous, the book of mystical aphorisms, the 'Dao de jing' (Wade-Giles, 'Tao teh ching'), said to be written by Lao zi (Wade-Giles, Lao tse), an older contemporary of Confucius; and the third, the works of the philosopher Chuang zi. Additionally, the original source of Taoism is often said to be the ancient 'I Ching', The Book Of Changes.
The Dao de jing was written in a time of seemingly endless feudal warfare and constant conflict. Lao zi was reflecting on a way for humanity to follow which that would put an end to the conflict. And so he came up with a few pages of short verses, which became the Dao de jing. This is the original book of Dao.
The basic tenets of the philosophy are:
- Don't try to force things on people. It won't help. Be compassionate. It helps.
- Be still and unmovable, accept what happens, let it flow over you (see 'wu wei' below).
- Dualism, the opposition and combination of the Universe's two basic principles of Yin and Yang is a large part of the philosophy. Some of the common pairs are male and female, light and dark, strong and weak, action and inaction. That Taoists believe that neither side is more important than the other. They flow into each other. They complete each other. It is a balance.
- Oneness - by realising that all things (including ourselves) are interdependent and constantly redefined as circumstances change, we come to see all things as they are, and ourselves as a simple part of the current moment. This understanding of oneness leads us to appreciation of life's events and our place within them as simple miraculous moments which `just are'.
- Tempering desire breeds contentment. This is because Daoists understand that when one's desire is satisfied, another, more ambitious desire will simply spring up to replace it. In essence, most Daoists feel that life should be appreciated as-is, rather than forced to be something it is not. Ideally, you should not desire anything, not even non-desire.
Much of the essence of Dao is in the art of 'wu wei' (action through inaction). This does not mean, "sit doing nothing and wait for everything to fall into your lap." What it really means is a practice of accomplishing things through minimal action -- by studying the nature of life, you can affect it in the easiest and least disruptive way. It is the practice of going against the stream not by struggling against it and thrashing about, but by standing still and letting the stream do all the work.
External Links
- Peter Merel's interpolation of the Dao de jing can be found at: http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/gthursby/taoism/ttcmerel.htm
- Get 'Tao De Jing', 'Zhuang Tse', 'Lieh Tse' in both English and Chinese at: http://www.geocities.com/tao4dummies/reading_list.html