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| ] were ] who ]d out the sides of fields using ] which they stretched in order to take the sag out of the rope and keep the ]measures uniform . As far back as the ]s of ] and the ] the Egyptians document the process the royal surveyors used to restore the boundaries of fields after each ] or flood. | |||
| ] and the ] portray themselves controlling the land through their control of the water that irrigates the land. On the ] ] assists ]by opening the ways of ] the personified god of the land itself | |||
| ] were ] who ]d out the sides of fields 3ht using ] which they stretched in order to take the sag out of the rope and keep the 3ht measures uniform . As far back as the ]s of ] and the ] the Egyptians document the process the royal surveyors used to restore the boundaries of fields after each innundation or ]. | |||
| The ] is a man striding forward with raised mace toward a subservient subject, which in this case is labled ] or a field whose ] is 100 ]s. | |||
| ] and the ] portray themselves controlling the land through their control of the water that irrigates the land. On the ] palette ] assists ]by opening the ways of ] the personified god of the land itself | |||
| The ] pose is a man striding forward with raised mace toward a subservient subject, which in this case is labled ] or a field whose ] is 100 royal ]s. | |||
| : 1 ] = 1 side of an ] of length 100 ]s | : 1 ] = 1 side of an ] of length 100 ]s | ||
| : 1 ] = a field of side 100 royal cubits | : 1 ] = a field of side 100 royal cubits | ||
| "Of the officials, some are market commissioners, others are city commissioners and others are in charge of the soldiers. Among these, the first keep the rivers improved and the land remeasured, as in Egypt, and inspect the closed canals from which the water is distributed into the conduits, in order that all may have an equal use of it. The same men also have charge of the hunters and are authorized to reward or punish those who deserve either. They also collect the taxes and superintend the crafts connected with the land -- those of wood-cutters, carpenters, workers in brass, and miners. '''And they make roads, and at every ten stadia place pillars showing the by-roads and the distances.''' | |||
| ] | |||
| Now that is kind of interesting because many people think the Romans imvented the idea of the milestone | |||
| On Every Road built by the Romans throughout ] a milestone, was erected every mile to announce the distance to Rome. | |||
| Many ''mile'' units based on or similar to this standard of measure have been used historically. It was derived from the The Greek Milos or ] of 4800 ] and from it the English of c 49 BC - 1593 AD are 8 ]s, ]s, ]s of 185 m was derived. | |||
| Other classically related divisions and multiples of the Mille Passus include the ] and ]. | |||
| Miles and ] have been intended to be ] ] of a ] of the Earth's ] ] since they were first] as ] of ] by the ] of ] and ]. | |||
| The most interesting thing about the Mille passus is that it is classically alleged to have been composed of 8 stadia such that the Mille Passus and its subdivisions of stadium, passus and pes were geo-commensurate with a degree of the Earths great circle. | |||
| A Mille Passus, meaning thousand paces or milliare, is a division of a degree of the earth's great circle. | |||
| The Roman ] of 5000 ] and 5000 ] was derived from the Greek milion. | |||
| * 1 Mille passus = 1/75 Degree of the Earths Great Circle | |||
| * 1 stadia = 1/600 Degree of the Earths Great Circle | |||
| * 1 passus = 1/75,000 Degree of the Earths Great Circle | |||
| * 1 pes = 1/375,000 Degree of the Earths Great Circle | |||
| === The Degree Mille Passus === | |||
| * 1 ] ] = 75 ] = ] | |||
| * 7.5 milliare = 1 ] = 1 ] = 60 stadiums of 185 m | |||
| * 60 ]s = 60 ]s = 11.1 km = 1/10 degree | |||
| ===The Degree of Aristotle === | |||
| * 1 Degree = 1/360 of 400,000 stadia = 1111.1 stadia = 111km | |||
| * 10 stadions = 1 km | |||
| * 1 stadion = 100 m = 300 pous of 333.3 mm | |||
| * 111 km divided into 600 stadions of 600 pous of 308.4 mm = 185 m | |||
| ===The Degree of Posidonius === | |||
| * 1 Degree = 1/360 of 216,000 stadia | |||
| * 1 Degree = 600 stadions = 111km | |||
| * 111 km divided into 600 stadions of 600 pous of 308.4 mm = 185 m | |||
| ===The Degree of Marinus === | |||
| * 1 degree = 1/360 of 180,000 stadia | |||
| * 1 Ptolomaic Degree = 500 stadions = 111km | |||
| * 111 km divided into 500 stadions of 600 remen of 14.7" = 222m | |||
| ===The Degree of Ptolemy === | |||
| * 1 degree = 1/360 of 180,000 stadia | |||
| * 1 Ptolomaic Degree = 500 stadions = 111km | |||
| * 111 km divided into 500 stadions of 600 remen of 14.7" = 222m | |||
| The Ptolomaic stadia is divided into ]instead of ] because in Egypt Remen had always been used for land surveys. | |||
| === The Degree of Erathosthenes === | |||
| * 1 Degree = 1/360 of 252,000 stadia | |||
| * 1 Persian degree = 700 stadia = 111 km | |||
| * 10 Egyptian schoeni = 20 Persian parasangs = 600 furlongs | |||
| * 1 Persian stadia = 157 m = 3 Egyptian st3t | |||
| ===The Egyptian Degree=== | |||
| * 1 Degree = 1/360 of 2,520,000 itrw | |||
| * 1 Egyptian degree = 10 itrw = 700 stadia = 210,000 royal cubits | |||
| * 1 itrw = 21,000 royal cubits = 70 stadia of 3 st3t | |||
| * 3 st3t of 100 royal cubits = 157 m | |||
| * 700 x 157 = 10.99 km | |||
| * 1 itrw is 1 hours river journey | |||
| * 1 atur is 1 hour of March | |||
| * 1 Egyptian Minute of March is 350 royal cubits of 525 mm = 183 m | |||
| ===The Degree of Herodotus=== | |||
| * 1 ] ] = 75 ] = ] | |||
| * 7.5 milions = 1 ] = 1 ] = 60 stadions of 185 m | |||
| * 60 ]s = 60 ]s = 11.1 km = 1/10 degree | |||
| === The Stadium Mille Passus === | |||
| A ] is a division of a degree into a fraction of a mile. | |||
| * The ordinary ]n ] or side at 6 ] and 180 meters was the basis for the ] | |||
| * the ] at 183 m and 350 ]s was the basis for the of the Greek Milos or ] | |||
| * The stadion of the ] Milos at 6 ]s or 100 ] and 600 Atic ] of 308.4 mm at 185 m was the basis for the ] of the Roman ] | |||
| * The ] of the ] ] at 625 ] of 296 mm was also 185 m and at 1000 ] of 5 ] was the basis for the ] of 625 ] of the English ] | |||
| ===The Leauge of The Mille Passus === | |||
| A ] is a division of a degree into a multiple of a mile. | |||
| * 3 ] or Milos of 4800 pous = 24 ]s = 14,400 ] | |||
| * 1 leauge of a Milion = 4440 m | |||
| * 3 ] of 5000 ] = 24 ] = 15,000 pes | |||
| * 1 leauge of a Milliare = 4440 m | |||
| * 3 ] of 5000 fote = 24 ]s = 15,000 fote = 9375 ] | |||
| * 1 ] = 4440 m | |||
| * 3 Miles of 5280 feet = 24 furlongs = 15,840 feet = 9900 English cubits | |||
| * 1 Leauge of a Mile = 4828 m | |||
| === Metrological References === | |||
| * R. A. Cordingley{{Section:Book reference after author|Year=1951|Title=Norman's Parrallel of the Orders of Architecture|Publisher=Alex Trianti Ltd|ID=}} | |||
| * Gardiner{{Section:Book reference after author|Year=1990|Title=Egyptian Grammar|Publisher=Griffith Institute|ID=ISBN 0900416351}} | |||
| * H Arthur Klein{{Section:Book reference after author|Year=1976|Title=The World of Measurements |Publisher=Simon and Schuster|ID=}} | |||
| === Mathmatical References === | |||
| * Lucas N. H. Bunt, Phillip S.Jones, Jack D. Bedient {{Section:Book reference after author|Year=1976|Title=The Historical Roots of Elementary Mathematics|Publisher=Dover|ID=ISBN 0486255638}} | |||
| * Somers Clarke and R. Englebach{{Section:Book reference after author|Year=1990|Title=Ancient Egyptian Construction and Architecture|Publisher=Dover|ID=ISBN 0486264858}} | |||
| * Francis H. Moffitt{{Section:Book reference after author|Year=1987|Title=Surveying|Publisher=Harper & Row|ID=ISBN 0060445548}} | |||
| * Gillings{{Section:Book reference after author|Year=1972|Title=Mathematics in the time of the Pharoahs|Publisher=MIT Press|ID=ISBN 0262070456}} | |||
| === Linguistic references === | |||
| * Anne H. Groton{{Section:Book reference after author|Year=1995|Title=From Alpha to Omega|Publisher=Focus Information group|ID=ISBN 0941051382}} | |||
| * J. P. Mallory{{Section:Book reference after author|Year=1989|Title=In Search of the Indo Europeans |Publisher=Thames and Hudson|ID=ISBN 050027616-1}} | |||
| === Classical References === | |||
| * Vitruvius{{Section:Book reference after author|Year=1960|Title=The Ten Books on Architecture|Publisher=Dover|ID=}} | |||
| * Claudias Ptolemy{{Section:Book reference after author|Year=1991|Title=The Geography|Publisher=Dover|ID=ISBN 048626896}} | |||
| * Herodotus{{Section:Book reference after author|Year=1952|Title=The History|Publisher=William Brown|ID=}} | |||
| === Historical References=== | |||
| * Michael Grant{{Section:Book reference after author|Year=1987|Title=The Rise of the Greeks |Publisher=Charles Scribners Sons|ID=}} | |||
| === Archaeological References=== | |||
| * Lionel Casson{{Section:Book reference after author|Year=1991|Title=The Ancient Mariners|Publisher=PUP|ID=ISBN 06910147879}} | |||
| * James B. Pritchard, {{Section:Book reference after author|Year=1968|Title=The Ancient Near East|Publisher=OUP|ID=ISBN }} | |||
| * Nelson Glueck{{Section:Book reference after author|Year=1959|Title=Rivers in the Desert|Publisher=HUC|ID=ISBN}} | |||
| === Medieval References=== | |||
| * Jean Gimpel{{Section:Book reference after author|Year=1976|Title=The Medieval Machine|Publisher=Holt Rheinhart & Winston|ID=ISBN 0030146364}} | |||
| * H Johnathan Riley Smith{{Section:Book reference after author|Year=1990|Title=The Atlas of the Crusades |Publisher=Swanston|ID=ISBN 0723003610}} | |||
| * Elizabeth Hallam{{Section:Book reference after author|Year=1986|Title=The Plantagenet Chronicles|Publisher=Weidenfield & Nicholson|ID=ISBN 1555840183}} | |||
| * H.W. Koch{{Section:Book reference after author|Year=1978|Title=Medieval Warfare|Publisher=Prentice Hall|ID=ISBN 0135736005}} | |||
Revision as of 23:31, 27 August 2005
You must add a |reason= parameter to this Cleanup template – replace it with {{Cleanup|August 2005|reason=<Fill reason here>}}, or remove the Cleanup template.
Rope stretchers were surveyors who measured out the sides of fields using knotted cords which they stretched in order to take the sag out of the rope and keep the 3htmeasures uniform . As far back as the palettes of Narmer and the Scorpion King the Egyptians document the process the royal surveyors used to restore the boundaries of fields after each innundation or flood.
Narmer and the Scorpion King portray themselves controlling the land through their control of the water that irrigates the land. On the Narmer palette Horus assists Narmerby opening the ways of 3kr the personified god of the land itself
The Narmer pose is a man striding forward with raised mace toward a subservient subject, which in this case is labled st3t or a field whose kht is 100 royal cubits.