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The '''Maleševo-Pirin dialect''' (sometimes spelt '''Maleshevo''') is a ] transitional dialect, a member of both the eastern subgroup of the southwestern group of ].<ref>{{cite book |
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The '''Maleševo-Pirin dialect''' (sometimes spelt '''Maleshevo''') is a transitional dialect, member of both the eastern subgroup of the southwestern group of ].<ref>{{cite book |
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| publisher =Акад. изд. "Проф. Марин Дринов" |
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| publisher =Акад. изд. "Проф. Марин Дринов" |
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| date =2006 |
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| date =2006 |
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| url =http://www.promacedonia.org/jchorb/st/st_2_b_zap_2.htm }}</ref><ref>Trudgill P., 2000, "Greece and European Turkey: From Religious to Linguistic Identity". In: Stephen Barbour and Cathie Carmichael (eds.), Language and Nationalism in Europe, Oxford : Oxford University Press, p.259.</ref><ref>Schmieger, R. 1998. "The situation of the Macedonian language in Greece: sociolinguistic analysis", International Journal of the Sociology of Language 131, 125-55</ref> and of the eastern and southeastern group of ]. The dialect is spoken in the western part of the region of ] in ]<ref>{{cite book |
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| url =http://www.promacedonia.org/jchorb/st/st_2_b_zap_2.htm }}</ref><ref>Trudgill P., 2000, "Greece and European Turkey: From Religious to Linguistic Identity". In: Stephen Barbour and Cathie Carmichael (eds.), Language and Nationalism in Europe, Oxford : Oxford University Press, p.259.</ref><ref>Schmieger, R. 1998. "The situation of the Macedonian language in Greece: sociolinguistic analysis", International Journal of the Sociology of Language 131, 125-55</ref> and of the eastern and southeastern group of ]. The dialect is spoken in the western part of the region of ] in ]<ref>{{cite book |
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==Relationship to Standard Bulgarian and Standard Macedonian== |
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==Relationship to Standard Bulgarian and Standard Macedonian== |
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The following is a table of the main phonological and grammatical features which differentiate ] and ], compared with the corresponding features of the Maleshevo dialect and the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect, as well as two Western Bulgarian dialects. |
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The following is a table of the main phonological and grammatical features which differentiate ] and ], compared with the corresponding features of the Maleshevo dialect and the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect, as well as two Western Bulgarian dialects. |
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!<center>Comparison of the Maleshevo dialect and the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect with Standard Bulgarian and Standard Macedonian</center> |
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!<center>Comparison of the Maleshevo dialect and the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect with Standard Bulgarian and Standard Macedonian</center> |
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!style="text-align: left;background:#B0C4DE"|Parameter |
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!style="text-align: left;background:#B0C4DE"|Parameter |
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!style="text-align: left;background:#B0C4DE"|Maleshevo dialect |
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!style="text-align: left;background:#B0C4DE"|Maleshevo dialect |
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!style="text-align: left;background:#B0C4DE"|Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect |
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!style="text-align: left;background:#B0C4DE"|Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect |
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!style="text-align: left;background:#B0C4DE"|Standard Bulgarian (based on Eastern Bulgarian) |
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!style="text-align: left;background:#B0C4DE"|Standard Bulgarian (based on Eastern Bulgarian) |
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!style="text-align: left;background:#B0C4DE"|Standard Macedonian |
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!style="text-align: left;background:#B0C4DE"|Standard Macedonian |
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!style="text-align: left;background:#B0C4DE"|Dupnitsa dialect |
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!style="text-align: left;background:#B0C4DE"|Dupnitsa dialect |
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!style="text-align: left;background:#B0C4DE"|Samokov dialect |
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!style="text-align: left;background:#B0C4DE"|Samokov dialect |
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!style="text-align: left;background:#B0C4DE"|English |
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!style="text-align: left;background:#B0C4DE"|English |
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| Proto-Slavic '''{{IPA|*tʲ}}/{{IPA|*dʲ}}''' – Old Church Slavonic '''щ/жд ({{IPA|ʃt}}/{{IPA|ʒd}})''' || '''шч/жџ ({{IPA|ʃtʃ}}/{{IPA|/dʒ/}}}''' (in some areas also '''щ/жд ({{IPA|ʃt}}/{{IPA|ʒd}})''' and '''ќ/ѓ ({{IPA|c}}/{{IPA|ɟ}})''' – ''лешча/межџу'' (in some areas ''леща/между'' or ''леќа/меѓу'') || '''щ/жд ({{IPA|ʃt}}/{{IPA|ʒd}})''' – ''леща/между'' || '''щ/жд ({{IPA|ʃt}}/{{IPA|ʒd}})''' – ''леща/между'' || '''ќ/ѓ ({{IPA|c}}/{{IPA|ɟ}})''' – ''леќа/меѓу'' || '''щ/жд ({{IPA|ʃt}}/{{IPA|ʒd}})''' – ''леща/между'' || '''щ/жд ({{IPA|ʃt}}/{{IPA|ʒd}})''' – ''леща/между'' || lentils/between |
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| Proto-Slavic '''{{IPA|*tʲ}}/{{IPA|*dʲ}}''' – Old Church Slavonic '''щ/жд ({{IPA|ʃt}}/{{IPA|ʒd}})''' || '''шч/жџ ({{IPA|ʃtʃ}}/{{IPA|/dʒ/}}}''' (in some areas also '''щ/жд ({{IPA|ʃt}}/{{IPA|ʒd}})''' and '''ќ/ѓ ({{IPA|c}}/{{IPA|ɟ}})''' – ''лешча/межџу'' (in some areas ''леща/между'' or ''леќа/меѓу'') || '''щ/жд ({{IPA|ʃt}}/{{IPA|ʒd}})''' – ''леща/между'' || '''щ/жд ({{IPA|ʃt}}/{{IPA|ʒd}})''' – ''леща/между'' || '''ќ/ѓ ({{IPA|c}}/{{IPA|ɟ}})''' – ''леќа/меѓу'' || '''щ/жд ({{IPA|ʃt}}/{{IPA|ʒd}})''' – ''леща/между'' || '''щ/жд ({{IPA|ʃt}}/{{IPA|ʒd}})''' – ''леща/между'' || lentils/between |
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| Proto-Slavic '''{{IPA|*gt/kt}}''' – Old Church Slavonic '''щ ({{IPA|ʃt}})''' || '''ќ ({{IPA|c}})''' (in some areas also '''щ ({{IPA|ʃt}})''' – ''ноќ'' (in some areas ''нощ'') || '''щ ({{IPA|ʃt}})''' – ''нощ'' || '''щ ({{IPA|ʃt}})''' – ''нощ'' || '''ќ ({{IPA|c}})''' – ''ноќ'' || '''щ ({{IPA|ʃt}})''' – ''нощ'' || '''щ ({{IPA|ʃt}})''' – ''нощ'' || night |
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| Proto-Slavic '''{{IPA|*gt/kt}}''' – Old Church Slavonic '''щ ({{IPA|ʃt}})''' || '''ќ ({{IPA|c}})''' (in some areas also '''щ ({{IPA|ʃt}})''' – ''ноќ'' (in some areas ''нощ'') || '''щ ({{IPA|ʃt}})''' – ''нощ'' || '''щ ({{IPA|ʃt}})''' – ''нощ'' || '''ќ ({{IPA|c}})''' – ''ноќ'' || '''щ ({{IPA|ʃt}})''' – ''нощ'' || '''щ ({{IPA|ʃt}})''' – ''нощ'' || night |
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| Old Church Slavonic '''{{Unicode|ѣ}}''' (yat) || '''е ({{IPA|ɛ}})''' – ''бел/бели'' || '''е ({{IPA|ɛ}})''' – ''бел/бели'' || '''а/я ({{IPA|ʲa}}/{{IPA|ɛ}})''' – ''бял/бели'' || '''е ({{IPA|ɛ}})''' – ''бел/бели'' || '''е ({{IPA|ɛ}})''' – ''бел/бели'' || '''е ({{IPA|ɛ}})''' – ''бел/бели'' || white |
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| Old Church Slavonic '''{{Unicode|ѣ}}''' (yat) || '''е ({{IPA|ɛ}})''' – ''бел/бели'' || '''е ({{IPA|ɛ}})''' – ''бел/бели'' || '''а/я ({{IPA|ʲa}}/{{IPA|ɛ}})''' – ''бял/бели'' || '''е ({{IPA|ɛ}})''' – ''бел/бели'' || '''е ({{IPA|ɛ}})''' – ''бел/бели'' || '''е ({{IPA|ɛ}})''' – ''бел/бели'' || white |
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| Old Church Slavonic '''{{Unicode |ѫ}}''' (yus), approx. {{IPA|ɔ̃}} || '''а ({{IPA|a}})''' – ''маж'' || '''а ({{IPA|a}})''' – ''маж'' || '''ъ ({{IPA|ə}})''' – ''мъж'' || '''а ({{IPA|a}})''' – ''маж'' || '''а ({{IPA|a}})''' – ''маж'' || '''а ({{IPA|a}})''' – ''маж'' || man |
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| Old Church Slavonic '''{{Unicode |ѫ}}''' (yus), approx. {{IPA|ɔ̃}} || '''а ({{IPA|a}})''' – ''маж'' || '''а ({{IPA|a}})''' – ''маж'' || '''ъ ({{IPA|ə}})''' – ''мъж'' || '''а ({{IPA|a}})''' – ''маж'' || '''а ({{IPA|a}})''' – ''маж'' || '''а ({{IPA|a}})''' – ''маж'' || man |
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| Old Church Slavonic '''ъ ({{IPA|ə}})''' || '''о ({{IPA|ɔ}})''' – ''сон'' || '''о ({{IPA|ɔ}})''' – ''сон'' || '''ъ ({{IPA|ə}})''' – ''сън'' || '''о ({{IPA|ɔ}})''' – ''сон'' || '''о ({{IPA|ɔ}})''' – ''сон'' || '''а ({{IPA|a}})''' – ''сан'' || dream |
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| Old Church Slavonic '''ъ ({{IPA|ə}})''' || '''о ({{IPA|ɔ}})''' – ''сон'' || '''о ({{IPA|ɔ}})''' – ''сон'' || '''ъ ({{IPA|ə}})''' – ''сън'' || '''о ({{IPA|ɔ}})''' – ''сон'' || '''о ({{IPA|ɔ}})''' – ''сон'' || '''а ({{IPA|a}})''' – ''сан'' || dream |
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| Old Church Slavonic '''ръ/рь''' || '''vocalic r/ро ({{IPA|rɔ}})''' – ''врох, крф'' || '''ръ ({{IPA|rə}})''' – ''връх, кръв'' || '''ръ/ър ({{IPA|rə}}/{{IPA|ər}})''' – ''връх, кръв'' || '''vocalic r''' – ''врв, крф'' || '''vocalic r''' – ''врх, крф'' || '''vocalic r''' – ''врх, крф'' || summit, blood |
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| Old Church Slavonic '''ръ/рь''' || '''vocalic r/ро ({{IPA|rɔ}})''' – ''врох, крф'' || '''ръ ({{IPA|rə}})''' – ''връх, кръв'' || '''ръ/ър ({{IPA|rə}}/{{IPA|ər}})''' – ''връх, кръв'' || '''vocalic r''' – ''врв, крф'' || '''vocalic r''' – ''врх, крф'' || '''vocalic r''' – ''врх, крф'' || summit, blood |
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| Old Church Slavonic '''лъ/ль''' || '''ъ ({{IPA|ə}})''' – ''съза'' || '''ъ ({{IPA|ə}})''' – ''съза'' || '''лъ/ъл ({{IPA|lə}}/{{IPA|əl}})''' – ''сълза'' || '''oл ({{IPA|ɔl}})''' – ''солза'' || '''vocalic l/ъ ({{IPA|ə}})''' – ''слза/съза'' depending on region || '''у ({{IPA|u}})''' – ''суза'' || tear |
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| Old Church Slavonic '''лъ/ль''' || '''ъ ({{IPA|ə}})''' – ''съза'' || '''ъ ({{IPA|ə}})''' – ''съза'' || '''лъ/ъл ({{IPA|lə}}/{{IPA|əl}})''' – ''сълза'' || '''oл ({{IPA|ɔl}})''' – ''солза'' || '''vocalic l/ъ ({{IPA|ə}})''' – ''слза/съза'' depending on region || '''у ({{IPA|u}})''' – ''суза'' || tear |
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| Old Church Slavonic '''x {{IPA|/x/}}''' || '''Preserved''' – ''бех, хубаво'' || '''Preserved''' – ''бех, хубаво'' || '''Preserved''' – ''бях, хубаво'' || '''Lost''' or replaced by '''ф/в ({{IPA|f}}/{{IPA|v}})''' – ''беф, убаво'' || '''Preserved''' – ''бех, хубаво'' || '''Preserved''' – ''бех, хубаво'' || was, nice |
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| Old Church Slavonic '''x {{IPA|/x/}}''' || '''Preserved''' – ''бех, хубаво'' || '''Preserved''' – ''бех, хубаво'' || '''Preserved''' – ''бях, хубаво'' || '''Lost''' or replaced by '''ф/в ({{IPA|f}}/{{IPA|v}})''' – ''беф, убаво'' || '''Preserved''' – ''бех, хубаво'' || '''Preserved''' – ''бех, хубаво'' || was, nice |
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| Vowel reduction || '''No''' || '''No''' || '''Yes''' || '''No''' || '''No''' || '''No''' || |
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| Vowel reduction || '''No''' || '''No''' || '''Yes''' || '''No''' || '''No''' || '''No''' || |
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| Definite article || Single definite article – ''момче'''то''''' || Single definite article – ''момче'''то''''' || Single definite article – ''момче'''то''''' || Triple definite article – ''момче'''то''', момче'''во''', момче'''но''''' || Single definite article – ''момче'''то''''' || Single definite article – ''момче'''то''''' || the boy |
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| Definite article || Single definite article – ''момче'''то''''' || Single definite article – ''момче'''то''''' || Single definite article – ''момче'''то''''' || Triple definite article – ''момче'''то''', момче'''во''', момче'''но''''' || Single definite article – ''момче'''то''''' || Single definite article – ''момче'''то''''' || the boy |
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| Ending of verbs in 1st person sing. present time || '''а''' – 1st and 2nd conjugation, '''ам''' – 3rd – ''чета, пиша'' || '''а''' – 1st and 2nd conjugation, '''ам''' – 3rd – ''чета, пиша'' || '''а (я)''' – 1st and 2nd conjugation, '''ам (ям)''' – 3rd – ''чета, пиша'' || only '''ам''' – ''четам, пишам'' || '''а''' – 1st and 2nd conjugation, '''ам''' – 3rd – ''чета, пиша'' || only '''(и/е)м''' – ''четем, пишем'' || (I) read, (I) write |
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| Ending of verbs in 1st person sing. present time || '''а''' – 1st and 2nd conjugation, '''ам''' – 3rd – ''чета, пиша'' || '''а''' – 1st and 2nd conjugation, '''ам''' – 3rd – ''чета, пиша'' || '''а (я)''' – 1st and 2nd conjugation, '''ам (ям)''' – 3rd – ''чета, пиша'' || only '''ам''' – ''четам, пишам'' || '''а''' – 1st and 2nd conjugation, '''ам''' – 3rd – ''чета, пиша'' || only '''(и/е)м''' – ''четем, пишем'' || (I) read, (I) write |
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| Formation of past perfect tense || '''бeх''' + past participle – ''бех писал, бех молил'' || '''бeх''' + past participle – ''бех писал, бех молил'' || '''бях''' + past participle – ''бях писал, бях молил'' || '''имам''' + past passive aorist participle – ''имам писано, имам молено'' || '''бeх''' + past participle – ''бех писал, бех молил'' || '''бех''' + past participle – ''бех писал, бeх молил'' || (I) had read, (I) had written |
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| Formation of past perfect tense || '''бeх''' + past participle – ''бех писал, бех молил'' || '''бeх''' + past participle – ''бех писал, бех молил'' || '''бях''' + past participle – ''бях писал, бях молил'' || '''имам''' + past passive aorist participle – ''имам писано, имам молено'' || '''бeх''' + past participle – ''бех писал, бех молил'' || '''бех''' + past participle – ''бех писал, бeх молил'' || (I) had read, (I) had written |
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| Word stress || '''Dynamic''' – ''доˈбиток, ˈпера'' || '''Dynamic''' – ''доˈбиток, пеˈра'' || '''Dynamic''' - ''доˈбитък, пеˈра'' || '''Fixed antepenultimate''' - ''ˈдобиток, ˈперам'' || '''Dynamic''' – ''доˈбиток, пеˈра'' || '''Dynamic''' – ''доˈбиток, пеˈрем'' || cattle, (I) wash |
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| Word stress || '''Dynamic''' – ''доˈбиток, ˈпера'' || '''Dynamic''' – ''доˈбиток, пеˈра'' || '''Dynamic''' - ''доˈбитък, пеˈра'' || '''Fixed antepenultimate''' - ''ˈдобиток, ˈперам'' || '''Dynamic''' – ''доˈбиток, пеˈра'' || '''Dynamic''' – ''доˈбиток, пеˈрем'' || cattle, (I) wash |
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As shown by the table, the Maleshevo and the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect show mixed Bulgarian and Macedonian phonological traits and mostly Bulgarian grammatical traits (several instead of one conjugation, single definite article, formation of past perfect tense with '''бeх''', etc.)<ref>{{cite book |
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As shown by the table, the Maleshevo and the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect show mixed Bulgarian and Macedonian phonological traits and mostly Bulgarian grammatical traits (several instead of one conjugation, single definite article, formation of past perfect tense with '''бeх''', etc.), with the Maleshevo dialect ranging mostly towards Macedonian and the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect ranging mostly towards Bulgarian (cf. table). The transitional nature of the dialect is further demonstrated by the reflexes of the Proto-Slavic {{IPA|*tʲ}}/{{IPA|*dʲ}}: from the typically Bulgarian щ/жд ({{IPA|ʃt}}/{{IPA|ʒd}}) in the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect and the far East of the Maleshevo dialect, along the border with Bulgaria, through the transitional шч/жџ ({{IPA|ʃtʃ}}/{{IPA|/dʒ/}}} in the central parts, and to the typically Macedonian ќ/ѓ ({{IPA|c}}/{{IPA|ɟ}}) in the western parts of the Maleshevo dialect<ref name="Stoykov2"/>. However, both the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect and the Maleshevo dialect appear to be closer phonologically to their neighbouring Western Bulgarian dialects than to either Standard Bulgarian or Standard Macedonian (cf. table). |
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| title =Българска диалектология |
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| publisher =Акад. изд. "Проф. Марин Дринов" |
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| date =2006 |
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| url =http://www.promacedonia.org/jchorb/st/st_2_b_zap_2.htm }}</ref>, with the Maleshevo dialect ranging mostly towards ] and the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect ranging mostly towards ] (cf. table). The transitional nature of the dialect is further demonstrated by the reflexes of the Proto-Slavic {{IPA|*tʲ}}/{{IPA|*dʲ}}: from the typically Bulgarian щ/жд ({{IPA|ʃt}}/{{IPA|ʒd}})<ref>{{cite book| last =Стойков |
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| first =Стойко |
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| title =Българска диалектология |
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| publisher =Акад. изд. "Проф. Марин Дринов" |
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| date =2006 |
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| url =http://www.promacedonia.org/jchorb/st/st_2_b4.htm }}</ref> in the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect and the far East of the Maleshevo dialect, along the border with Bulgaria, through the transitional шч/жџ ({{IPA|ʃtʃ}}/{{IPA|/dʒ/}}} in the central parts, and to the typically Macedonian ќ/ѓ ({{IPA|c}}/{{IPA|ɟ}}) in the western parts of the Maleshevo dialect<ref>{{cite book| last =Стойков |
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| first =Стойко |
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| title =Българска диалектология |
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| publisher =Акад. изд. "Проф. Марин Дринов" |
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| date =2006 |
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| url =http://www.promacedonia.org/jchorb/st/st_2_b_maked.htm#malashevski }}</ref>. However, both the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect and the Maleshevo dialect appear to be closer phonologically to their neighbouring Western Bulgarian dialects than to either Standard Bulgarian or Standard Macedonian (cf. table). |
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==Other phonological characteristics== |
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==Other phonological characteristics== |
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* shortening of the words |
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* shortening of the words |
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* use of the plural suffix -ove as in ] instead of -ovi as in ]: клучове - keys |
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* use of the plural suffix ''-ove'' as in Bulgarian instead of ''-ovi'' as in Macedonian: клучове ('keys') |
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* use of the old consonant group '''caf-''' instead of the consonant group '''cv-''': цев- цаф (''cev'')- pipe |
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* use of /v/ at the beginning of the word as in ] instead of /j/ as in ]: важе - rope<ref> str. 249- 252 Makedonski jazik za srednoto obrazovanie- S.Bojkovska, D.Pandev, L.Minova-Ǵurkova, Ž.Cvetkovski- Prosvetno delo AD- Skopje 2001</ref> <ref> The sociolinguistics of literary Macedonian, VICTOR A. FRIEDMAN, THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LIBRARY</ref> |
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* use of the old consonant group ''caf-'' instead of the consonant group ''cv-'': цев- цаф (''cev'', 'pipe') |
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* use of /v/ at the beginning of the word as in Bulgarian instead of /j/ as in Macedonian: важе ('rope') |
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<ref name="Bojkovska"/><ref name="Friedman"/> |
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==Morphological characteristics== |
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==Morphological characteristics== |
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* use of the preposition sus: - сус рака - with hand; |
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* the short possessive forms are after the verb: му рече - рече му. He told him; |
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* use of the preposition ''sus'': - сус рака ('with the hand'); |
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* use of the dative form with na: на нас ни рече ( ''na nas ni reche'' )- He told us |
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* the form of the verb to be for third person plural is sa as in ] instead of se as in ]: тие се - тие са (''tie se'') they are |
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* the clitic possessive forms follow the verb: му рече - рече му ('He told him'); |
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* no use of the the pronoun '''toj''', instead is used '''on''' <ref> str. 249- 252 Makedonski jazik za srednoto obrazovanie- S.Bojkovska, D.Pandev, L.Minova-Ǵurkova, Ž.Cvetkovski- Prosvetno delo AD- Skopje 2001</ref> <ref> The sociolinguistics of literary Macedonian, VICTOR A. FRIEDMAN, THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LIBRARY</ref> |
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* use of the dative form with ''na'': на нас ни рече ( ''na nas ni reche'', 'He told us') |
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* the form of the verb ''to be'' for third person plural is ''sa'' as in Bulgarian, instead of ''se'' as in Macedonian: тие се - тие са (''tie se'', 'they are') |
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* use of the pronoun ''on'' instead of ''toj'' |
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<ref name="Bojkovska"/><ref name="Friedman"/> |
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==Examples of the dialect== |
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==Examples of the dialect== |
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*Traditional song from Maleševo-Pirin region: |
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*Traditional song from Maleševo-Pirin region: |
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:Излегол Яне прошетал, леле |
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<poem> |
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:низ таа Пирин Планина |
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Излегол Яне прошетал, леле |
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низ таа Пирин Планина |
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:низ таа Пирин Планина, леле |
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:низ тоа поле широко. |
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низ таа Пирин Планина, леле |
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низ тоа поле широко. |
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Нарамил пушка на рамо |
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:Нарамил пушка на рамо |
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настранил капа на чело |
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:настранил капа на чело |
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на пат ми сретна овчарче, леле |
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:на пат ми сретна овчарче, леле |
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на овчарче вели, говори. |
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:на овчарче вели, говори. |
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Овчарче младо чобанче, леле |
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:Овчарче младо чобанче, леле |
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дали я виде четата |
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:дали я виде четата |
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дали я виде четата, леле |
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:дали я виде четата, леле |
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четата на Яне Сандански. |
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:четата на Яне Сандански. |
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Видело сум я слушнало, леле |
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:Видело сум я слушнало, леле |
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сега за Яне збореа |
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:сега за Яне збореа |
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каде е Яне Сандански, леле |
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:каде е Яне Сандански, леле |
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четата да си прибере. |
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:четата да си прибере. |
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</poem> |
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==References== |
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==References== |
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<div class="references-small"> |
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<div class="references-small"> |
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<references /> |
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<references /> |
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</div> |
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</div> |
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{{Bulgarian dialects}} |
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{{Bulgarian dialects}} |
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{{Macedonian dialects}} |
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{{Macedonian dialects}} |
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] |
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] |
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] |
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] |
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] |
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] |
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] |
The Maleshevo-Pirin dialect actually consists of two very close, yet distinct dialects (cf. also table), the Petrich-Blagoevgrad dialect in Bulgaria, which is a dialect of Bulgarian and the Maleshevo dialect, which is a dialect of Macedonian. Apart from the relationship between each other, the Blagoevgrad-Petric dialect is also closely related to the neighbouring Kyustendil and Samokov dialect, and especially to the Dupnitsa dialect (cf. also table below), whereas the Maleshevo dialect is closely related especially with the Štip-Strumica dialect.
The following is a table of the main phonological and grammatical features which differentiate Standard Bulgarian and Standard Macedonian, compared with the corresponding features of the Maleshevo dialect and the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect, as well as two Western Bulgarian dialects.
As shown by the table, the Maleshevo and the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect show mixed Bulgarian and Macedonian phonological traits and mostly Bulgarian grammatical traits (several instead of one conjugation, single definite article, formation of past perfect tense with бeх, etc.), with the Maleshevo dialect ranging mostly towards Macedonian and the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect ranging mostly towards Bulgarian (cf. table). The transitional nature of the dialect is further demonstrated by the reflexes of the Proto-Slavic *tʲ/*dʲ: from the typically Bulgarian щ/жд (ʃt/ʒd) in the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect and the far East of the Maleshevo dialect, along the border with Bulgaria, through the transitional шч/жџ (ʃtʃ//dʒ/} in the central parts, and to the typically Macedonian ќ/ѓ (c/ɟ) in the western parts of the Maleshevo dialect. However, both the Blagoevgrad-Petrich dialect and the Maleshevo dialect appear to be closer phonologically to their neighbouring Western Bulgarian dialects than to either Standard Bulgarian or Standard Macedonian (cf. table).
