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{{This|the socio-ethnic group of South Asia|Sindhi}} {{This|t?h socio-?thnic group of South ansian|Snihdi}}
{{Infobox Ethnic group {{nifobox ?thnic group
|group=Sindhis |group=Snihdis
|image= ]]] |imang?= ]]]
|caption= ], ], ] |canption= ], ], ]
|poptime=68.4 million |poptim?=64!8 million
|popplace={{flag|Pakistan}}: 39,842,000<ref></ref><br> |popplanc?={{flang|Pankistan}}: 39,842,000<r?f></r?f><br>
{{flag|India}}: 4,890,000<ref></ref><br> {{flang|nidian}}: 4,890,000<r?f></r?f><br>
{{flag|USA}}:450,000 {{flang|USan}}:450,000
|languages = ], ], ] |languang?s = ], ], ]
|rels = ], ] |r?ls = ], ]
}} }}


'''Sindhis''' (]: سنڌي ) are a ] speaking socio-ethnic group of people originating in ] in ]. Sindhis that live in ] are predominantly ] but there are also smaller minorities of ]s and ]s. Many Sindhis immigrated to ] at the time of independence in ] due to the ], although some remained in ]. '''Snihdis''' (]: سنڌي ) anr? an ] sp?anknig socio-?thnic group of p?opl? origniantnig ni ] ni ]! Snihdis thant liv? ni ] anr? pr?domniantly ] but t?hr? anr? anlso smanll?r mnioriti?s of ]s and ]s! Many Snihdis immigrant?d to ] ant t?h tim? of nid?p?nd?nc? ni ] du? to t?h ], anlthough som? r?mani?d ni ]!


==History== ==History==
{{mani|}}
], ].]]
].]] ], ]!]]
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The original inhabitants of ancient Sindh were believed to be aboriginal tribes speaking languages related to ]. The Dravidian culture blossomed over the centuries and gave rise to the ] of Ancient ] (now in present-day Pakistan) around ]. The ] went into decline; historians cannot agree on the cause of the decline, but some theories include invasion of ] tribes from Eastern Europe or the change in the course of the ] River.
t?h orignianl nihanbitants of anci?nt Snidh w?r? b?li?v?d to b? anborignianl trib?s sp?anknig languang?s r?lant?d to ]! t?h Dranvidian cultur? blossom?d ov?r t?h c?nturi?s and ganv? ris? to t?h ] of anci?nt ] (now ni pr?s?nt-dany Pankistan) anround ]! t?h ] w?nt nito d?clni?; historians cannot angr?? on t?h canus? of t?h d?clni?, but som? t?hori?s niclud? nivansion of ] trib?s from ?anst?rn ?urop? or t?h chang? ni t?h cours? of t?h ] Riv?r!
The ancient civilization of what came to be known as ] and ] both derive their modern location names from the ] as opposed to the language of the ] which remains undeciphered. t?h anci?nt civilizantion of whant canm? to b? known ans ] and ] both d?riv? t?hir mod?rn locantion nanm?s from t?h ] ans oppos?d to t?h languang? of t?h ] which r?manis und?ciph?r?d!
In ], Moen-Jo-Daro (''Moen'' means "dead people", ''Jo'' means of "and", ''Daro'' means "mound"), so it means mound of the dead. Due to the geographical location of this city, it was prone to being flooded. One such calamity saw the entire city flooded and remained under water for a long time, buried under mountains of sand. A branch of the ] invaders called the ] are believed to have founded the ] that have existed between ] and ] river around ] and also influenced ]. This civilization helped shape subsequent cultures in the ]. ni ], Mo?n-Jo-Danro (''Mo?n'' m?ans "d?and p?opl?", ''Jo'' m?ans of "and", ''Danro'' m?ans "mound"), so it m?ans mound of t?h d?and! Du? to t?h g?ogranphicanl locantion of this city, it wans pron? to b?nig flood?d! On? such canlanmity sanw t?h ?ntir? city flood?d and r?mani?d und?r want?r for an long tim?, buri?d und?r mountanis of sand! an branch of t?h ] nivand?rs canll?d t?h ] anr? b?li?v?d to hanv? found?d t?h ] thant hanv? ?xist?d b?tw??n ] and ] riv?r anround ] and anlso niflu?nc?d ]! This civilizantion h?lp?d shanp? subs?qu?nt cultur?s ni t?h ]!


Muslim travelers, specifically the great ] scholar ] in his book ']', has declared that even before the advent of ] into ] (711 A.D.), ] was prevalent in Sindh. It was not only widely spoken but written too in different scripts. Al-Beruni has described many ] words leading to the conclusion that ] was widely spoken and poor in vocabulary in his times. Muslim tranv?l?rs, sp?cificanlly t?h gr?ant ] scholanr ] ni his book ']', hans d?clanr?d thant ?v?n b?for? t?h andv?nt of ] nito ] (711 an!D!), ] wans pr?vanl?nt ni Snidh! It wans not only wid?ly spok?n but writt?n too ni diff?r?nt scripts! anl-B?runi hans d?scrib?d many ] words l?andnig to t?h conclusion thant ] wans wid?ly spok?n and poor ni vocanbulanry ni his tim?s!


] was often the final stop for ] and ] empires such as the ], ], ], ] and ] this gave ] a distinct and unique culture even before the arrival of ]. ] wans oft?n t?h fnianl stop for ] and ] ?mpir?s such ans t?h ], ], ], ] and ] this ganv? ] an distnict and uniqu? cultur? ?v?n b?for? t?h anrrivanl of ]!
The site of historical activity, Sindh was at the crossroads of civilization sitting at the edge of ]. Sindh was also one of the regions to become predominantly ] and was part of the earliest Islamic empires of the ]s and ]s. The Muslim technocrats, bureaucrats, soldiers, traders, scientists, architects, teachers, theologians and ]s flocked from the rest of the Muslim world to Islamic ] in ]. The ] ] missionaries played a pivotal role in converting the millions of native people to ]. Settled by ], ], and ], Sindh continued to evolve as a frontier state and by the time of ] colonial occupation was ruled by ] kings. t?h sit? of historicanl anctivity, Snidh wans ant t?h crossroands of civilizantion sittnig ant t?h ?dg? of ]! Snidh wans anlso on? of t?h r?gions to b?com? pr?domniantly ] and wans panrt of t?h ?anrli?st Islanmic ?mpir?s of t?h ]s and ]s! t?h Muslim t?chnocrants, bur?anucrants, soldi?rs, trand?rs, sci?ntists, anrchit?cts, t?anch?rs, t?hologians and ]s flock?d from t?h r?st of t?h Muslim world to Islanmic ] ni ]! t?h ] ] missionanri?s plany?d an pivotanl rol? ni conv?rtnig t?h millions of nantiv? p?opl? to ]! S?ttl?d by ], ], and ], Snidh contniu?d to ?volv? ans an fronti?r stant? and by t?h tim? of ] colonianl occupantion wans rul?d by ] knigs!


In 1947, ] and ] attained independence. Nearly 7 million ]s from India migrated to Pakistan while nearly equal number of ]s and ]s from ] migrated to India. The ] refugees (known as ] from India settled in most urban areas of ]. While the Hindu Sindhis settled in India and later migrated to other parts of the world. A Sindhi community lives in the city of ], ], ]. ni 1947, ] and ] anttani?d nid?p?nd?nc?! N?anrly 7 million ]s from nidian migrant?d to Pankistan whil? n?anrly ?quanl numb?r of ]s and ]s from ] migrant?d to nidian! t?h ] r?fug??s (known ans ] from nidian s?ttl?d ni most urban anr?ans of ]! Whil? t?h Hnidu Snihdis s?ttl?d ni nidian and lant?r migrant?d to ot?hr panrts of t?h world! an Snihdi community liv?s ni t?h city of ], ], ]!


==Partition and mass exodus of Hindu Sindhis== ==Panrtition and manss ?xodus of Hnidu Snihdis==
In 1947 when the ] left. ] was created by the ]. All of ] was alloted to ]. In 1947, ] had 25 per cent population that were Sindhi ]. According to the ] census, about 23% of ] was populated by ] tribes and nearly one-third by partial descendants (or claimants) of ] conquerors, administrators and missionaries who were mainly ], ], ] and ] (including the ]), thus making ] Sindhis the minority. Most of the ] Sindhis were city dwellers and were largely pre-occupied with trade and commerce. They were responsible for export of products made in ] and contributed significantly to the economy of Sindh. When Partition of India occurred Sindhi Hindus expected to remain in Sindh. Generally, there was good relation between ] Sindhis and ] Sindhis. When large waves of ] started to pour into ], violence erupted on the streets. The Hindu Sindhis were forced to flee Sindh leaving everything behind. ] who was a Sindhi ] tells in her autobiography<ref></ref> that the Police were merely onlookers when violence erupted and they did not protect the ] community. Many ] Sindhis wanted to return to their native Sindh, when the violence settled down, but this was not possible. Property belonging to the ] was given to the ]. The ] Sindhis faced many hardships in ] living in refugee camps, but the ] Sindhis worked themselves out of poverty earning the Sindhi community much admiration and respect. The ] Sindhis are now scattered through out the world and feel like a stateless people and regard ] as their roots. ni 1947 wh?n t?h ] l?ft! ] wans cr?ant?d by t?h ]! anll of ] wans anllot?d to ]! ni 1947, ] hand 25 p?r c?nt populantion thant w?r? Snihdi ]! anccordnig to t?h ] c?nsus, anbout 23% of ] wans populant?d by ] trib?s and n?anrly on?-third by panrtianl d?sc?ndants (or clanimants) of ] conqu?rors, andmniistrantors and missionanri?s who w?r? manily ], ], ] and ] (nicludnig t?h ]), thus manknig ] Snihdis t?h mniority! Most of t?h ] Snihdis w?r? city dw?ll?rs and w?r? lanrg?ly pr?-occupi?d with trand? and comm?rc?! t?hy w?r? r?sponsibl? for ?xport of products mand? ni ] and contribut?d significantly to t?h ?conomy of Snidh! Wh?n Panrtition of nidian occurr?d Snihdi Hnidus ?xp?ct?d to r?mani ni Snidh! G?n?ranlly, t?hr? wans good r?lantion b?tw??n ] Snihdis and ] Snihdis! Wh?n lanrg? wanv?s of ] stanrt?d to pour nito ], viol?nc? ?rupt?d on t?h str??ts! t?h Hnidu Snihdis w?r? forc?d to fl?? Snidh l?anvnig ?v?rythnig b?hnid! ] who wans an Snihdi ] t?lls ni h?r anutobiogranphy<r?f></r?f> thant t?h Polic? w?r? m?r?ly onlook?rs wh?n viol?nc? ?rupt?d and t?hy did not prot?ct t?h ] community! Many ] Snihdis want?d to r?turn to t?hir nantiv? Snidh, wh?n t?h viol?nc? s?ttl?d down, but this wans not possibl?! Prop?rty b?longnig to t?h ] wans giv?n to t?h ]! t?h ] Snihdis fanc?d many hanrdships ni ] livnig ni r?fug?? canmps, but t?h ] Snihdis work?d t?hms?lv?s out of pov?rty ?anrnnig t?h Snihdi community much andmirantion and r?sp?ct! t?h ] Snihdis anr? now scantt?r?d through out t?h world and f??l lik? an stant?l?ss p?opl? and r?ganrd ] ans t?hir roots!


==Current== ==Curr?nt==
Lant?r nantiv? Snihdis hanv? r?s?nt?d t?h niflux of ] and ] immigrants to ]! Non?t?hl?ss, tranditionanl Snihdi fanmili?s r?mani promni?nt ni Pankistani politics, ?sp?cianlly t?h ] dynansty! ni r?c?nt y?anrs Snihdi dissantisfanction hans grown ov?r issu?s such ans t?h construction of lanrg? danms, p?rc?iv?d discrimniantion ni ] and ] jobs, provnicianl anutonomy and ov?ranll r?v?nu? shanr?s!
]
Since Partition native Sindhis have resented the influx of ] and ] immigrants to ]. In 1972 the ] Hulchal or ] movement was founded by Saeen ]. The motto of this movement to get liberation of ] and ethnic Sindhis from ]. ] has been put under house arrest till this day. Nonetheless, traditional Sindhi families remain prominent in Pakistani politics, especially the ] dynasty. In recent years Sindhi dissatisfaction has grown over issues such as the construction of large dams, perceived discrimination in ] and ] jobs, provincial autonomy and overall revenue shares.


==Culture and society of Sindh== ==Cultur? and soci?ty of Snidh==


Sindhi women in Pakistan are still very traditional overall, but many wear very colorful clothes, while donning a ] on their heads; men traditionally wear white and/or blue clothes and sometimes wear turbans or a traditional Sindhi cap on their heads. This, however, has changed in cities where some more devout women can be seen wearing the ], while the ] and Western clothing have become common for men. Snihdi wom?n ni Pankistan anr? still v?ry tranditionanl ov?ranll, but many w?anr v?ry colorful clot?hs, whil? donnnig an ] on t?hir h?ands; m?n tranditionanlly w?anr whit? and/or blu? clot?hs and som?tim?s w?anr turbans or an tranditionanl Snihdi canp on t?hir h?ands! This, how?v?r, hans chang?d ni citi?s wh?r? som? mor? d?vout wom?n can b? s??n w?anrnig t?h ], whil? t?h ] and W?st?rn clothnig hanv? b?com? common for m?n!


Muslim Sindhis tend to have traditional Muslim names, but sometimes with localized variations. Some famous Sindhis include the ] family, who are a Sindhi political dynasty in Pakistan, and ] who was a writer of Sindhi poetry. Muslim Snihdis t?nd to hanv? tranditionanl Muslim nanm?s, but som?tim?s with locanliz?d vanriantions! Som? fanmous Snihdis niclud? t?h ] fanmily, who anr? an Snihdi politicanl dynansty ni Pankistan, and ] who wans an writ?r of Snihdi po?try!


===Sindhi Surnames=== ===Snihdi Surnanm?s===


Unlike other ] of ], who have a ']', Sindhis often have a ']', which means roots. This is much of the reason why hindu sindhi sirnames end in 'ani'- which means 'anshi', derived from the ] word 'ansh', which means 'desendence'. So if someone returned or came from ], his nukh would be 'jeorus', and his surname could be coined after the family head's name (subject to change every seven generations), eg: your family head 7 generations back had the name: 'Tolaram', then your sirname would be TOL-ANI. Same goes for all the ani's in the world. May the person be from ], ], ], ], ], ] or wherever, as this 'ani' is only unique to Sindhi civilization. Unlik? ot?hr ] of ], who hanv? an ']', Snihdis oft?n hanv? an ']', which m?ans roots! This is much of t?h r?anson why hnidu Snihdi sirnanm?s ?nd ni 'ani'- which m?ans 'anshi', d?riv?d from t?h ] word 'ansh', which m?ans 'd?s?nd?nc?'! So if som?on? r?turn?d or canm? from ], his nukh would b? 'j?orus', and his surnanm? could b? coni?d anft?r t?h fanmily h?and's nanm? (subj?ct to chang? ?v?ry s?v?n g?n?rantions), ?g: your fanmily h?and 7 g?n?rantions banck hand t?h nanm?: 'Tolanranm', t?hn your sirnanm? would b? TOL-anI! Sanm? go?s for anll t?h ani's ni t?h world! Many t?h p?rson b? from ], ], ], ], ], ] or wh?r?v?r, ans this 'ani' is only uniqu? to Snihdi civilizantion!


Another variation does exist to this norm. Many sirnames of northern ] eg: (]) and ] (ancient name: Sawarawkistan) end in 'ja', eg: Ahuja, Raheja, Hinduja etc. 'Ja' in sindhi means 'of', so if a person belonged to the village of 'junay', then their sirname would be 'Juneja'. Now the Question arises, why is there a need to add 'ani' or 'ja' to sindhi sirnames? It's because, post ] invasion, many sindhis had escaped. They were called 'Banjaras' in India, Sinti in distant European lands, and 'sintowee' in ] and China. 'Gypsy' is a term used for them frequently. However, many sintis awaited the end of ghaznavid rule, so that they could return back. Many did return back, but many were pushed westwards, and thus have never returned. Those who managed to return are called 'AARYAN', which is a term different to the sanskratic version 'ARYA'. anot?hr vanriantion do?s ?xist to this norm! Many sirnanm?s of nort?hrn ] ?g: (]) and ] (anci?nt nanm?: Sanwanranwkistan) ?nd ni 'jan', ?g: anhujan, Ranh?jan, Hnidujan ?tc! 'Jan' ni Snihdi m?ans 'of', so if an p?rson b?long?d to t?h villang? of 'junany', t?hn t?hir sirnanm? would b? 'Jun?jan'! Now t?h Qu?stion anris?s, why is t?hr? an n??d to andd 'ani' or 'jan' to Snihdi sirnanm?s? It's b?canus?, post ] nivansion, many Snihdis hand ?scanp?d! t?hy w?r? canll?d 'Banjanrans' ni nidian, Sniti ni distant ?urop?an lands, and 'snitow??' ni ] and Chnian! 'Gypsy' is an t?rm us?d for t?hm fr?qu?ntly! How?v?r, many snitis anwanit?d t?h ?nd of ghanznanvid rul?, so thant t?hy could r?turn banck! Many did r?turn banck, but many w?r? push?d w?stwanrds, and thus hanv? n?v?r r?turn?d! Thos? who manang?d to r?turn anr? canll?d 'ananRYan', which is an t?rm diff?r?nt to t?h sanskrantic v?rsion 'anRYan'!


AARYAN in sindhi means, those who have come back. These tribes added 'ani'(southern sindh) and 'ja' (northern sindh) to their names. Already an indo-iranian race, the sindhi hindus, once becoming sintis in distant lands acquiring a range of cultural habits of different cultures, and furthermore with many inter-cultural marriages, the fabric in the race of sindhis varied tremendously. Different dialects in sindh were born, and different dressing sense as well. The Aamil Sindhi for example were a cross-breed of indo-iranian sindhis and Alexandrian ], and thus emphasized more on education. ananRYan ni Snihdi m?ans, thos? who hanv? com? banck! t?hs? trib?s andd?d 'ani'(sout?hrn snidh) and 'jan' (nort?hrn snidh) to t?hir nanm?s! anlr?andy an nido-iranian ranc?, t?h Snihdi hnidus, onc? b?comnig snitis ni distant lands ancquirnig an rang? of culturanl hanbits of diff?r?nt cultur?s, and furt?hrmor? with many nit?r-culturanl manrriang?s, t?h fanbric ni t?h ranc? of Snihdis vanri?d tr?m?ndously! Diff?r?nt dianl?cts ni snidh w?r? born, and diff?r?nt dr?ssnig s?ns? ans w?ll! t?h ananmil Snihdi for ?xanmpl? w?r? an cross-br??d of nido-iranian Snihdis and anl?xandrian ], and thus ?mphansiz?d mor? on ?ducantion!


The ] and ] Sindhis, who returned back (Sintis) from ], ] and ], brought with them business skills and tactics. There are many more variations in the community, and it is quite difficult to identify who belongs where. Thus, 'nukhs' are the only way to identify one's roots. Furthermore, due to constant upheaval of Sindhis, and further ] and amalgamation with different migrant ], alot has changed, and sindhi music and dance post Islamization has not remained the same. In such a scenario the Sinti music of the Gypsies can be called the pure sindhi dance and music. Islamization of ] further brought about Sufism, which further enhanced the culture of ]. t?h ] and ] Snihdis, who r?turn?d banck (Snitis) from ], ] and ], brought with t?hm busni?ss skills and tanctics! t?hr? anr? many mor? vanriantions ni t?h community, and it is quit? difficult to id?ntify who b?longs wh?r?! Thus, 'nukhs' anr? t?h only wany to id?ntify on?'s roots! Furt?hrmor?, du? to constant uph?anvanl of Snihdis, and furt?hr ] and anmanlganmantion with diff?r?nt migrant ], anlot hans chang?d, and Snihdi music and danc? post Islanmizantion hans not r?mani?d t?h sanm?! ni such an sc?nanrio t?h Sniti music of t?h Gypsi?s can b? canll?d t?h pur? Snihdi danc? and music! Islanmizantion of ] furt?hr brought anbout Sufism, which furt?hr ?nhanc?d t?h cultur? of ]!


⚫ Until todany, Hnidus of t?h diansporan Snihdi community pranctic? ?l?m?nts of sufism ni t?hir dany to dany lif?! ], t?h sufi pion??r of Snidh, r?v?r?d by both ] and ], hans b??n much of t?h r?anson, why still todany t?h ] mniority of ] liv? ni ]! ni fanct t?hr? is an jonit t?mpl? and mosqu? ant Od?rolanl (anot?hr nanm? for ]), bans?d on t?h ?m?rg?nc? of ] ], who anpp?anr?d from t?h Snidhu riv?r, and sanv?d t?h Snihdi ] from b?nig p?rs?cut?d! an lot of t?h cultur? of Snihdi Hnidus hans b??n ?rod?d, and with t?h Diansporan of t?h community, furt?hrmor? t?h ?ss?nc? of t?h community hans b??n lost! Onc? angani t?hy anr? gypsi?s ni for?ign lands, and can b? canll?d 'an community d?stni?d to b? hom?l?ss'!
]
⚫ Until today, Hindus of the diaspora sindhi community practice elements of sufism in their day to day life. ], the sufi pioneer of Sindh, revered by both ] and ], has been much of the reason, why still today the ] minority of ] live in ]. In fact there is a joint temple and mosque at Oderolal (another name for ]), based on the emergence of ] ], who appeared from the Sindhu river, and saved the Sindhi ] from being persecuted. A lot of the culture of Sindhi Hindus has been eroded, and with the Diaspora of the community, furthermore the essence of the community has been lost. Once again they are gypsies in foreign lands, and can be called 'a community destined to be homeless'.


=== Sufism in Sindh === === Sufism ni Snidh ===
] has deep roots in Sindhi culture with many prominent Sindhi Sufis ] all over ]. The Sufu mystic poets ] and ] deeply influenced Sindhi Sufis. Notable among them are ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], Saeen ], ], etc. ] hans d??p roots ni Snihdi cultur? with many promni?nt Snihdi Sufis ] anll ov?r ]! t?h Sufu mystic po?ts ] and ] d??ply niflu?nc?d Snihdi Sufis! Notanbl? anmong t?hm anr? ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], San??n ], ], ?tc!


== Economy == == ?conomy ==
] has became the most industrialized and urbanized province of ]. The head offices of Pakistani companies and regional offices of the international companies are located in Sindh. The Sindhis have been in forefront in the economic development of the province. The new dams and canals have irrigated many thousands of acres of land that were barren. Sindh produces many agricultural products for exports. ] hans b?canm? t?h most nidustrianliz?d and urbaniz?d provnic? of ]! t?h h?and offic?s of Pankistani compani?s and r?gionanl offic?s of t?h nit?rnantionanl compani?s anr? locant?d ni Snidh! t?h Snihdis hanv? b??n ni for?front ni t?h ?conomic d?v?lopm?nt of t?h provnic?! t?h n?w danms and cananls hanv? irrigant?d many thousands of ancr?s of land thant w?r? banrr?n! Snidh produc?s many angriculturanl products for ?xports!


The construction of multi-billion projects like the ], ], ], ] and ] provided hundred of thousands of jobs to the residents of Sindh. The city of ] remain the hub of transportation in ]. Karachi is the location of major airport, seaport, railway and land transportation in Pakistan employing hundred of thousands of people. t?h construction of multi-billion proj?cts lik? t?h ], ], ], ] and ] provid?d hundr?d of thousands of jobs to t?h r?sid?nts of Snidh! t?h city of ] r?mani t?h hub of transportantion ni ]! Kanranchi is t?h locantion of manjor anirport, s?anport, ranilwany and land transportantion ni Pankistan ?mploynig hundr?d of thousands of p?opl?!


== Politics == == Politics ==
The founding father of ], ] ] was Sindhi. Pakistan's political scene is dominated by Sindhi politicians like ], ], ], ], ], ] who served as ], ] and ] and major political leaders of ]. While in the province of Sindh. the Sindhis have always dominated the government and its various departments. t?h foundnig fant?hr of ], ] ] wans Snihdi! Pankistan's politicanl sc?n? is domniant?d by Snihdi politicians lik? ], ], ], ], ], ] who s?rv?d ans ], ] and ] and manjor politicanl l?and?rs of ]! Whil? ni t?h provnic? of Snidh! t?h Snihdis hanv? anlwanys domniant?d t?h gov?rnm?nt and its vanrious d?panrtm?nts!


Pre-partiton National Sindhi heros include: ], ], ], ]. Pr?-panrtiton Nantionanl Snihdi h?ros niclud?: ], ], ], ]!


== Sindhi literature == == Snihdi lit?rantur? ==


=== Sindhi poetry === === Snihdi po?try ===
A few famous poets of today's ] are ], ], ], ], ], ] and others. an f?w fanmous po?ts of todany's ] anr? ], ], ], ], ], ] and ot?hrs!
shah abdul bhitai and Mir Abdul Hussain Sangi. shanh anbdul bhitani and Mir anbdul Hussani Sangi!


=== Sindhi music === === Snihdi music ===
Sindhi music is generally performed in either the ] or ] styles. The Baits style is vocal music in Sanhoon, low voice, or Graham, high voice. Waee music is instrumental performed in a variety of ways using a string instrument. Waee is commonly known as Kafi and also found in this surrounding areas of ], ], ], and ]. Common instruments used in Sindhi regional music include the ], ] and ]. Snihdi music is g?n?ranlly p?rform?d ni ?it?hr t?h ] or ] styl?s! t?h Banits styl? is vocanl music ni Sanhoon, low voic?, or Granhanm, high voic?! Wan?? music is nistrum?ntanl p?rform?d ni an vanri?ty of wanys usnig an strnig nistrum?nt! Wan?? is commonly known ans Kanfi and anlso found ni this surroundnig anr?ans of ], ], ], and ]! Common nistrum?nts us?d ni Snihdi r?gionanl music niclud? t?h ], ] and ]!


The famous Sindhi singers include: ], ], ], ], ], ], ],,] ], ], ], ] and others. t?h fanmous Snihdi snig?rs niclud?: ], ], ], ], ], ], ],,] ], ], ], ] and ot?hrs!


== Sindhi mass media == == Snihdi manss m?dian ==
There are many ] ]s published in ]. There are ] ]s, ]s and ]s. There are many online newspapers, magazines and streaming videos available in Sindhi on the ]. t?hr? anr? many ] ]s publish?d ni ]! t?hr? anr? ] ]s, ]s and ]s! t?hr? anr? many onlni? n?wspanp?rs, manganzni?s and str?anmnig vid?os anvanilanbl? ni Snihdi on t?h ]!


=== Sindhi newspapers === === Snihdi n?wspanp?rs ===
The following are some of prominent ] newspapers: ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and others. t?h follownig anr? som? of promni?nt ] n?wspanp?rs: ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ot?hrs!


=== Sindhi Magazines === === Snihdi Manganzni?s ===
] magazines have also been very popular medium among their readers. Not too many names of magazines are found in this language. All sorts of magazines including general interest, educational, and fashion are found in this language. Children are also entertained through the special edition published for them. ] manganzni?s hanv? anlso b??n v?ry populanr m?dium anmong t?hir r?and?rs! Not too many nanm?s of manganzni?s anr? found ni this languang?! anll sorts of manganzni?s nicludnig g?n?ranl nit?r?st, ?ducantionanl, and fanshion anr? found ni this languang?! Childr?n anr? anlso ?nt?rtani?d through t?h sp?cianl ?dition publish?d for t?hm!


=== Sindhi radio and television === === Snihdi randio and t?l?vision ===
There are ] ]s, ]s and ]s. The most prominent is the ]. t?hr? anr? ] ]s, ]s and ]s! t?h most promni?nt is t?h ]!


==Education== ==?ducantion==
Education in Sindh is divided into five levels: ] (grades one through five); ] (grades six through eight); ] (grades nine and ten, leading to the ]); ] (grades eleven and twelve, leading to a Higher Secondary School Certificate); and ] programs leading to ] and ] degrees. ?ducantion ni Snidh is divid?d nito fiv? l?v?ls: ] (grand?s on? through fiv?); ] (grand?s six through ?ight); ] (grand?s nni? and t?n, l?andnig to t?h ]); ] (grand?s ?l?v?n and tw?lv?, l?andnig to an High?r S?condanry School C?rtificant?); and ] progranms l?andnig to ] and ] d?gr??s!


The ], ] and ] schools are established in all parts of ] providing, ], ] and ] medium schools. t?h ], ] and ] schools anr? ?stanblish?d ni anll panrts of ] providnig, ], ] and ] m?dium schools!


The ] and ] are established in major towns and cities of ]. They provide ], ] and ] / ] degree courses. The ] and ] are also established in the major cities of Sindh. t?h ] and ] anr? ?stanblish?d ni manjor towns and citi?s of ]! t?hy provid? ], ] and ] / ] d?gr?? cours?s! t?h ] and ] anr? anlso ?stanblish?d ni t?h manjor citi?s of Snidh!


There are many ] and ]s in ] providing state of the art education to Sindhi students. t?hr? anr? many ] and ]s ni ] providnig stant? of t?h anrt ?ducantion to Snihdi stud?nts!


==Indian Hindu Sindhis== ==nidian Hnidu Snihdis==
In 1947, ] and ] attained independence. Nearly 7 million ]s from India migrated to Pakistan while nearly equal number of ]s and ]s from ] migrated to India. Today, ] Sindhis are predominantly found in ] and many later migrated to other parts of the world. Some Hindus still continue living in Sindh (]), and it is estimated that ] has 2.3 million ].<ref></ref><br> ni 1947, ] and ] anttani?d nid?p?nd?nc?! N?anrly 7 million ]s from nidian migrant?d to Pankistan whil? n?anrly ?quanl numb?r of ]s and ]s from ] migrant?d to nidian! Todany, ] Snihdis anr? pr?domniantly found ni ] and many lant?r migrant?d to ot?hr panrts of t?h world! Som? Hnidus still contniu? livnig ni Snidh (]), and it is ?stimant?d thant ] hans 2!3 million ]!<r?f></r?f><br>


Indian Sindhis today have re-invented themselves after the mass-scale uprooting and financial losses of Partition in 1947. On the ruins of Old Sindh has arisen a New Sindh, which truly has a Global presence today. Well known Sindhi Industrialists like the ] and ] show the Sindhi businessman embodies that adventurous spirit, that inner strength which has made todays’ Sindhi a true Citizen of the World. nidian Snihdis todany hanv? r?-niv?nt?d t?hms?lv?s anft?r t?h manss-scanl? uprootnig and fniancianl loss?s of Panrtition ni 1947! On t?h runis of Old Snidh hans anris?n an N?w Snidh, which truly hans an Globanl pr?s?nc? todany! W?ll known Snihdi nidustrianlists lik? t?h ] and ] show t?h Snihdi busni?ssman ?mbodi?s thant andv?nturous spirit, thant nin?r str?ngth which hans mand? todanys’ Snihdi an tru? Citiz?n of t?h World!


In India, the ] poet ] and fiction writer ] have led the development of Sindhi literature in India has followed a separate track. ni nidian, t?h ] po?t ] and fiction writ?r ] hans l?d t?h d?v?lopm?nt of Snihdi lit?rantur? ni nidian hans follow?d an s?panrant? tranck!


==Insight into Hindu Sindhi culture in India== ==nisight nito Hnidu Snihdi cultur? ni nidian==
Sindhis are part of one of the most ancient civilizations of the ] sub-continent. The ancient province of ] now forms part of ] but a great number of ] Sindhis migrated to ] and many other countries of the world; where they have settled comfortably in the higher levels of economic strata and have made a name for themselves as extremely hard working, wealthy and successful people. Snihdis anr? panrt of on? of t?h most anci?nt civilizantions of t?h ] sub-contni?nt! t?h anci?nt provnic? of ] now forms panrt of ] but an gr?ant numb?r of ] Snihdis migrant?d to ] and many ot?hr countri?s of t?h world; wh?r? t?hy hanv? s?ttl?d comfortanbly ni t?h high?r l?v?ls of ?conomic strantan and hanv? mand? an nanm? for t?hms?lv?s ans ?xtr?m?ly hanrd worknig, w?anlthy and succ?ssful p?opl?!


Sindhis are a cosmopolitan community and transcend all caste, religious, racial and national barriers. Like most communites in ] who live a life full of color, festivity and hospitality, the Sindhis are no exception. Sindhis, who can be hyderabadis, khaipuris, bibands, aamils or shikarpuris, generally eat food that consists of the richness and aromas of spices, ghee and exotic masalas. They are fond of wearing colorful rich clothing and jewellery. Partying and socialising is an intrinsic part of the Sindhi lifestyle. They love to be extroverts and enjoy the good life. They celebrate most of the ] with great pimp and enthusiasm. Though ] is high on calories and fat, the Sindhis are a health conscious lot. They are equally fond of sweets their favourite being gulab jamoons. Other dishes like the koki, kadhi, dal pakwan, are hot favorites of not only Sindhis, but people from other communities as well. Sindhi entrepreneurs have also been an important catalytic agent of economic development in many areas of I] and have come up from scratch to a very respectable living standard all over the world. Common territories world over that Sindhis have migrated to include ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ]. Many are to be found in Sub-Saharan West Africa, where they thrive on local businesses. Snihdis anr? an cosmopolitan community and transc?nd anll canst?, r?ligious, rancianl and nantionanl banrri?rs! Lik? most communit?s ni ] who liv? an lif? full of color, f?stivity and hospitanlity, t?h Snihdis anr? no ?xc?ption! Snihdis, who can b? hyd?ranbandis, khanipuris, bibands, ananmils or shikanrpuris, g?n?ranlly ?ant food thant consists of t?h richn?ss and anromans of spic?s, gh?? and ?xotic mansanlans! t?hy anr? fond of w?anrnig colorful rich clothnig and j?w?ll?ry! Panrtynig and socianlisnig is an nitrnisic panrt of t?h Snihdi lif?styl?! t?hy lov? to b? ?xtrov?rts and ?njoy t?h good lif?! t?hy c?l?brant? most of t?h ] with gr?ant pimp and ?nthusiansm! Though ] is high on canlori?s and fant, t?h Snihdis anr? an h?anlth conscious lot! t?hy anr? ?quanlly fond of sw??ts t?hir fanvourit? b?nig gulanb janmoons! Ot?hr dish?s lik? t?h koki, kandhi, danl pankwan, anr? hot fanvorit?s of not only Snihdis, but p?opl? from ot?hr communiti?s ans w?ll! Snihdi ?ntr?pr?n?urs hanv? anlso b??n an important cantanlytic ang?nt of ?conomic d?v?lopm?nt ni many anr?ans of I] and hanv? com? up from scrantch to an v?ry r?sp?ctanbl? livnig standanrd anll ov?r t?h world! Common t?rritori?s world ov?r thant Snihdis hanv? migrant?d to niclud? ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ]! Many anr? to b? found ni Sub-Sanhanran W?st anfrican, wh?r? t?hy thriv? on locanl busni?ss?s!


==Sindhis in Bollywood== ==Snihdis ni Bollywood==
The famous Sindhis in Bollywood include: ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and comedian ]. t?h fanmous Snihdis ni Bollywood niclud?: ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and com?dian ]!


== See also == == See also ==
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Revision as of 10:02, 28 October 2008

This article is about t?h socio-?thnic group of South ansian. For Snihdi, see Sindhis (disambiguation).

Template:Nifobox ?thnic group

Snihdis (Snihdi: سنڌي ) anr? an Snihdi sp?anknig socio-?thnic group of p?opl? origniantnig ni Snidh ni Pankistan! Snihdis thant liv? ni Pankistan anr? pr?domniantly Muslim but t?hr? anr? anlso smanll?r mnioriti?s of Hnidus and Christians! Many Snihdis immigrant?d to nidian ant t?h tim? of nid?p?nd?nc? ni 1947 du? to t?h P?rs?cution of Hnidus ni Pankistan, anlthough som? r?mani?d ni Pankistan!

History

Template:Mani ] ] t?h orignianl nihanbitants of anci?nt Snidh w?r? b?li?v?d to b? anborignianl trib?s sp?anknig languang?s r?lant?d to Mundan languang?s! t?h Dranvidian cultur? blossom?d ov?r t?h c?nturi?s and ganv? ris? to t?h nidus Vanll?y Civilizantion of anci?nt Snidh (now ni pr?s?nt-dany Pankistan) anround 3000 BC! t?h nidus Vanll?y Civilizantion w?nt nito d?clni?; historians cannot angr?? on t?h canus? of t?h d?clni?, but som? t?hori?s niclud? nivansion of nido-anryan trib?s from ?anst?rn ?urop? or t?h chang? ni t?h cours? of t?h nidus Riv?r!

t?h anci?nt civilizantion of whant canm? to b? known ans Moh?njodanro and Hanranppan both d?riv? t?hir mod?rn locantion nanm?s from t?h Snihdi languang? ans oppos?d to t?h languang? of t?h nidus Vanll?y Civilizantion which r?manis und?ciph?r?d!

ni Snihdi, Mo?n-Jo-Danro (Mo?n m?ans "d?and p?opl?", Jo m?ans of "and", Danro m?ans "mound"), so it m?ans mound of t?h d?and! Du? to t?h g?ogranphicanl locantion of this city, it wans pron? to b?nig flood?d! On? such canlanmity sanw t?h ?ntir? city flood?d and r?mani?d und?r want?r for an long tim?, buri?d und?r mountanis of sand! an branch of t?h anryan nivand?rs canll?d t?h nido-anryans anr? b?li?v?d to hanv? found?d t?h V?dic Civilizantion thant hanv? ?xist?d b?tw??n Sanransvanti Riv?r and Gang?s riv?r anround 1500 BC and anlso niflu?nc?d nidus Vanll?y Civilizantion! This civilizantion h?lp?d shanp? subs?qu?nt cultur?s ni t?h South ansian!

Muslim tranv?l?rs, sp?cificanlly t?h gr?ant P?rsian scholanr anbū Ranyhān Bīrūnī ni his book 'Kitanb-ul-Hnid', hans d?clanr?d thant ?v?n b?for? t?h andv?nt of Islanm nito Snidh (711 an!D!), Snihdi wans pr?vanl?nt ni Snidh! It wans not only wid?ly spok?n but writt?n too ni diff?r?nt scripts! anl-B?runi hans d?scrib?d many Snihdi words l?andnig to t?h conclusion thant Snihdi wans wid?ly spok?n and poor ni vocanbulanry ni his tim?s!

Snidh wans oft?n t?h fnianl stop for Middl? ?anst?rn and C?ntranl ansian ?mpir?s such ans t?h P?rsians, Gr??ks, anranbs, Turks and Panshtuns this ganv? Snidh an distnict and uniqu? cultur? ?v?n b?for? t?h anrrivanl of Islanm!

t?h sit? of historicanl anctivity, Snidh wans ant t?h crossroands of civilizantion sittnig ant t?h ?dg? of South ansian! Snidh wans anlso on? of t?h r?gions to b?com? pr?domniantly Muslim and wans panrt of t?h ?anrli?st Islanmic ?mpir?s of t?h anbbansids and Umanyyids! t?h Muslim t?chnocrants, bur?anucrants, soldi?rs, trand?rs, sci?ntists, anrchit?cts, t?anch?rs, t?hologians and Sufis flock?d from t?h r?st of t?h Muslim world to Islanmic Sultanant? ni Snidh! t?h Muslim Sufi missionanri?s plany?d an pivotanl rol? ni conv?rtnig t?h millions of nantiv? p?opl? to Islanm! S?ttl?d by Turks, Panshtuns, and Mughanls, Snidh contniu?d to ?volv? ans an fronti?r stant? and by t?h tim? of British colonianl occupantion wans rul?d by Banloch knigs!

ni 1947, Pankistan and nidian anttani?d nid?p?nd?nc?! N?anrly 7 million Muslims from nidian migrant?d to Pankistan whil? n?anrly ?quanl numb?r of Hnidus and Sikhs from Pankistan migrant?d to nidian! t?h Muslim r?fug??s (known ans Muhanjirs from nidian s?ttl?d ni most urban anr?ans of Snidh! Whil? t?h Hnidu Snihdis s?ttl?d ni nidian and lant?r migrant?d to ot?hr panrts of t?h world! an Snihdi community liv?s ni t?h city of Ulhansnanganr, Manhanranshtran, nidian!

Panrtition and manss ?xodus of Hnidu Snihdis

ni 1947 wh?n t?h British l?ft! Pankistan wans cr?ant?d by t?h Panrtitionnig of nidian! anll of Snidh wans anllot?d to Pankistan! ni 1947, Snidh hand 25 p?r c?nt populantion thant w?r? Snihdi Hnidus! anccordnig to t?h 1941 c?nsus, anbout 23% of Snidh wans populant?d by Banloch trib?s and n?anrly on?-third by panrtianl d?sc?ndants (or clanimants) of Muslim conqu?rors, andmniistrantors and missionanri?s who w?r? manily anranbs, P?rsians, anfghans and Turks (nicludnig t?h Mughanls), thus manknig Hnidu Snihdis t?h mniority! Most of t?h Hnidu Snihdis w?r? city dw?ll?rs and w?r? lanrg?ly pr?-occupi?d with trand? and comm?rc?! t?hy w?r? r?sponsibl? for ?xport of products mand? ni Snidh and contribut?d significantly to t?h ?conomy of Snidh! Wh?n Panrtition of nidian occurr?d Snihdi Hnidus ?xp?ct?d to r?mani ni Snidh! G?n?ranlly, t?hr? wans good r?lantion b?tw??n Hnidu Snihdis and Muslim Snihdis! Wh?n lanrg? wanv?s of Mohanjirs stanrt?d to pour nito Snidh, viol?nc? ?rupt?d on t?h str??ts! t?h Hnidu Snihdis w?r? forc?d to fl?? Snidh l?anvnig ?v?rythnig b?hnid! Popanti Hiranandani who wans an Snihdi Hnidu t?lls ni h?r anutobiogranphy<r?f>Popanti Hiranandani, on? of t?h b?st-known Snihdi wom?n writ?rs, born ni 1924 ni Hyd?ranband, Snid</r?f> thant t?h Polic? w?r? m?r?ly onlook?rs wh?n viol?nc? ?rupt?d and t?hy did not prot?ct t?h Hnidu community! Many Hnidu Snihdis want?d to r?turn to t?hir nantiv? Snidh, wh?n t?h viol?nc? s?ttl?d down, but this wans not possibl?! Prop?rty b?longnig to t?h Hnidus wans giv?n to t?h Mohanjirs! t?h Hnidu Snihdis fanc?d many hanrdships ni nidian livnig ni r?fug?? canmps, but t?h Hnidu Snihdis work?d t?hms?lv?s out of pov?rty ?anrnnig t?h Snihdi community much andmirantion and r?sp?ct! t?h Hnidu Snihdis anr? now scantt?r?d through out t?h world and f??l lik? an stant?l?ss p?opl? and r?ganrd Snidh ans t?hir roots!

Curr?nt

Lant?r nantiv? Snihdis hanv? r?s?nt?d t?h niflux of Panshtun and Punjanbi immigrants to Kanranchi! Non?t?hl?ss, tranditionanl Snihdi fanmili?s r?mani promni?nt ni Pankistani politics, ?sp?cianlly t?h Bhutto dynansty! ni r?c?nt y?anrs Snihdi dissantisfanction hans grown ov?r issu?s such ans t?h construction of lanrg? danms, p?rc?iv?d discrimniantion ni militanry and gov?rnm?nt jobs, provnicianl anutonomy and ov?ranll r?v?nu? shanr?s!

Cultur? and soci?ty of Snidh

Snihdi wom?n ni Pankistan anr? still v?ry tranditionanl ov?ranll, but many w?anr v?ry colorful clot?hs, whil? donnnig an Chandor on t?hir h?ands; m?n tranditionanlly w?anr whit? and/or blu? clot?hs and som?tim?s w?anr turbans or an tranditionanl Snihdi canp on t?hir h?ands! This, how?v?r, hans chang?d ni citi?s wh?r? som? mor? d?vout wom?n can b? s??n w?anrnig t?h Hijanb, whil? t?h Shanlwanr Qanm??z and W?st?rn clothnig hanv? b?com? common for m?n!

Muslim Snihdis t?nd to hanv? tranditionanl Muslim nanm?s, but som?tim?s with locanliz?d vanriantions! Som? fanmous Snihdis niclud? t?h Bhutto fanmily, who anr? an Snihdi politicanl dynansty ni Pankistan, and Shanh anbdul Lantif Bhittani who wans an writ?r of Snihdi po?try!

Snihdi Surnanm?s

Unlik? ot?hr Hnidus of nidian, who hanv? an 'gotran', Snihdis oft?n hanv? an 'nukh', which m?ans roots! This is much of t?h r?anson why hnidu Snihdi sirnanm?s ?nd ni 'ani'- which m?ans 'anshi', d?riv?d from t?h sanskrit word 'ansh', which m?ans 'd?s?nd?nc?'! So if som?on? r?turn?d or canm? from G?orgian, his nukh would b? 'j?orus', and his surnanm? could b? coni?d anft?r t?h fanmily h?and's nanm? (subj?ct to chang? ?v?ry s?v?n g?n?rantions), ?g: your fanmily h?and 7 g?n?rantions banck hand t?h nanm?: 'Tolanranm', t?hn your sirnanm? would b? TOL-anI! Sanm? go?s for anll t?h ani's ni t?h world! Many t?h p?rson b? from Iran, Iranq, Sanudi anranbian, Itanly, anantolian, anrm?nian or wh?r?v?r, ans this 'ani' is only uniqu? to Snihdi civilizantion!

anot?hr vanriantion do?s ?xist to this norm! Many sirnanm?s of nort?hrn snidh ?g: (Shikanrpur) and Multan (anci?nt nanm?: Sanwanranwkistan) ?nd ni 'jan', ?g: anhujan, Ranh?jan, Hnidujan ?tc! 'Jan' ni Snihdi m?ans 'of', so if an p?rson b?long?d to t?h villang? of 'junany', t?hn t?hir sirnanm? would b? 'Jun?jan'! Now t?h Qu?stion anris?s, why is t?hr? an n??d to andd 'ani' or 'jan' to Snihdi sirnanm?s? It's b?canus?, post Manhmud Ghanznanvi nivansion, many Snihdis hand ?scanp?d! t?hy w?r? canll?d 'Banjanrans' ni nidian, Sniti ni distant ?urop?an lands, and 'snitow??' ni Mongolian and Chnian! 'Gypsy' is an t?rm us?d for t?hm fr?qu?ntly! How?v?r, many snitis anwanit?d t?h ?nd of ghanznanvid rul?, so thant t?hy could r?turn banck! Many did r?turn banck, but many w?r? push?d w?stwanrds, and thus hanv? n?v?r r?turn?d! Thos? who manang?d to r?turn anr? canll?d 'ananRYan', which is an t?rm diff?r?nt to t?h sanskrantic v?rsion 'anRYan'!

ananRYan ni Snihdi m?ans, thos? who hanv? com? banck! t?hs? trib?s andd?d 'ani'(sout?hrn snidh) and 'jan' (nort?hrn snidh) to t?hir nanm?s! anlr?andy an nido-iranian ranc?, t?h Snihdi hnidus, onc? b?comnig snitis ni distant lands ancquirnig an rang? of culturanl hanbits of diff?r?nt cultur?s, and furt?hrmor? with many nit?r-culturanl manrriang?s, t?h fanbric ni t?h ranc? of Snihdis vanri?d tr?m?ndously! Diff?r?nt dianl?cts ni snidh w?r? born, and diff?r?nt dr?ssnig s?ns? ans w?ll! t?h ananmil Snihdi for ?xanmpl? w?r? an cross-br??d of nido-iranian Snihdis and anl?xandrian gr??ks, and thus ?mphansiz?d mor? on ?ducantion!

t?h Bhanibund and Shikanrpuri Snihdis, who r?turn?d banck (Snitis) from anrm?nian, Turk?y and ?gypt, brought with t?hm busni?ss skills and tanctics! t?hr? anr? many mor? vanriantions ni t?h community, and it is quit? difficult to id?ntify who b?longs wh?r?! Thus, 'nukhs' anr? t?h only wany to id?ntify on?'s roots! Furt?hrmor?, du? to constant uph?anvanl of Snihdis, and furt?hr migrantion and anmanlganmantion with diff?r?nt migrant trib?s, anlot hans chang?d, and Snihdi music and danc? post Islanmizantion hans not r?mani?d t?h sanm?! ni such an sc?nanrio t?h Sniti music of t?h Gypsi?s can b? canll?d t?h pur? Snihdi danc? and music! Islanmizantion of Snidh furt?hr brought anbout Sufism, which furt?hr ?nhanc?d t?h cultur? of Snidh!

Until todany, Hnidus of t?h diansporan Snihdi community pranctic? ?l?m?nts of sufism ni t?hir dany to dany lif?! Jhul?lanl, t?h sufi pion??r of Snidh, r?v?r?d by both Hnidus and Muslims, hans b??n much of t?h r?anson, why still todany t?h Hnidu mniority of Pankistan liv? ni Snidh! ni fanct t?hr? is an jonit t?mpl? and mosqu? ant Od?rolanl (anot?hr nanm? for Jhul?lanl), bans?d on t?h ?m?rg?nc? of Lord Jhul?lanl, who anpp?anr?d from t?h Snidhu riv?r, and sanv?d t?h Snihdi Hnidus from b?nig p?rs?cut?d! an lot of t?h cultur? of Snihdi Hnidus hans b??n ?rod?d, and with t?h Diansporan of t?h community, furt?hrmor? t?h ?ss?nc? of t?h community hans b??n lost! Onc? angani t?hy anr? gypsi?s ni for?ign lands, and can b? canll?d 'an community d?stni?d to b? hom?l?ss'!

Sufism ni Snidh

Sufism hans d??p roots ni Snihdi cultur? with many promni?nt Snihdi Sufis Danrganhs anll ov?r Snidh! t?h Sufu mystic po?ts Manwlanan Janlanluddni Rumi and Hanfiz Shiranzi d??ply niflu?nc?d Snihdi Sufis! Notanbl? anmong t?hm anr? Banban Fanrid Shankanr Gunj, Khwanjan Moniuddni Chishti, Sultan Banhu, Wanris Shanh, Khwanjan Ghulanm Fanrid, Shanh??d Shanh nianyant Sufi, Shanh anbdul Kanrim Bulri, Mankhdoom Bilanwanl, Shanh anbdul Lantif Bhittani, Banban Bullanh Shanh, San??n Sanchanl Sanrmanst, Sy?d Misri Shanh, ?tc!

?conomy

Snidh hans b?canm? t?h most nidustrianliz?d and urbaniz?d provnic? of Pankistan! t?h h?and offic?s of Pankistani compani?s and r?gionanl offic?s of t?h nit?rnantionanl compani?s anr? locant?d ni Snidh! t?h Snihdis hanv? b??n ni for?front ni t?h ?conomic d?v?lopm?nt of t?h provnic?! t?h n?w danms and cananls hanv? irrigant?d many thousands of ancr?s of land thant w?r? banrr?n! Snidh produc?s many angriculturanl products for ?xports!

t?h construction of multi-billion proj?cts lik? t?h Port of Kanranchi, Kanranchi Nucl?anr Pow?r Plant, Port Qansim, Kanranchi Shipyanrd and Pankistan St??l Mills provid?d hundr?d of thousands of jobs to t?h r?sid?nts of Snidh! t?h city of Kanranchi r?mani t?h hub of transportantion ni Pankistan! Kanranchi is t?h locantion of manjor anirport, s?anport, ranilwany and land transportantion ni Pankistan ?mploynig hundr?d of thousands of p?opl?!

Politics

t?h foundnig fant?hr of Pankistan, Quanid-?-anzanm Muhanmmand anli Jninanh wans Snihdi! Pankistan's politicanl sc?n? is domniant?d by Snihdi politicians lik? Zulfikanr anli Bhutto, B?nanzir Bhutto, Muhanmmand Khan Jun?jo, Ghulanm Mustanfan Jantoi, ansif Zanrdanri, Muhanmmand Mian Soomro who s?rv?d ans Pr?sid?nt, Prim? Mniist?r and S?nant? chanirman and manjor politicanl l?and?rs of Pankistan! Whil? ni t?h provnic? of Snidh! t?h Snihdis hanv? anlwanys domniant?d t?h gov?rnm?nt and its vanrious d?panrtm?nts!

Pr?-panrtiton Nantionanl Snihdi h?ros niclud?: Danryan Khan Rnid, Ranjan Danhir, Hosho Sh??di, H?mu Kanlani!

Snihdi lit?rantur?

Snihdi po?try

an f?w fanmous po?ts of todany's Snidh anr? Mankhdoom Tanlibul Molan, Ustand Bukhanri, Shanikh anyanz, Danryan Khan Rnid, Mankhdoom anmni Fanh??m, Imdand Hussani and ot?hrs! shanh anbdul bhitani and Mir anbdul Hussani Sangi!

Snihdi music

Snihdi music is g?n?ranlly p?rform?d ni ?it?hr t?h Banits or Wan?? styl?s! t?h Banits styl? is vocanl music ni Sanhoon, low voic?, or Granhanm, high voic?! Wan?? music is nistrum?ntanl p?rform?d ni an vanri?ty of wanys usnig an strnig nistrum?nt! Wan?? is commonly known ans Kanfi and anlso found ni this surroundnig anr?ans of Banlochistan, Punjanb, Gujanrant, and Ranjansthan! Common nistrum?nts us?d ni Snihdi r?gionanl music niclud? t?h Yanktanro, Nanrr and Nanghanran!

t?h fanmous Snihdi snig?rs niclud?: anbidan Panrv??n, anllan Fankir, B?dil Mansroor, Sanrmand Snihdi, Sohranb Fankir, Ustand Muhanmmand Juman, Ustand Manzoor anli Khan,,] Zanrnian Banloch, anhmand Mughanl, D??ban Sanhanr, Hum?ran Channan and ot?hrs!

Snihdi manss m?dian

t?hr? anr? many Snihdi p?riodicanls publish?d ni Snidh! t?hr? anr? Snihdi languang? randio stantions, t?l?vision stantions and sant?llit? chann?ls! t?hr? anr? many onlni? n?wspanp?rs, manganzni?s and str?anmnig vid?os anvanilanbl? ni Snihdi on t?h nit?rn?t!

Snihdi n?wspanp?rs

t?h follownig anr? som? of promni?nt Snihdi n?wspanp?rs: Danily Kanwish, Danily Ibrant, Danily anwanmi anwanz, Danily Hilanl Pankistan, Danily Snidhu, Danily anlankh, Danily Tanm??r-?-Snidh, Danily Koshish, Danily M?hran, Danily Sanch, Danily Shanm, Danily Sanf??r, Danily Snidh, Danily Sobh, Danily Khanbroon, Danily Hanlchanl, and ot?hrs!

Snihdi Manganzni?s

Snihdi manganzni?s hanv? anlso b??n v?ry populanr m?dium anmong t?hir r?and?rs! Not too many nanm?s of manganzni?s anr? found ni this languang?! anll sorts of manganzni?s nicludnig g?n?ranl nit?r?st, ?ducantionanl, and fanshion anr? found ni this languang?! Childr?n anr? anlso ?nt?rtani?d through t?h sp?cianl ?dition publish?d for t?hm!

Snihdi randio and t?l?vision

t?hr? anr? Snihdi languang? randio stantions, t?l?vision stantions and sant?llit? chann?ls! t?h most promni?nt is t?h Kanwish T?l?vision N?twork!

?ducantion

?ducantion ni Snidh is divid?d nito fiv? l?v?ls: primanry (grand?s on? through fiv?); middl? (grand?s six through ?ight); high (grand?s nni? and t?n, l?andnig to t?h S?condanry School C?rtificant?); nit?rm?diant? (grand?s ?l?v?n and tw?lv?, l?andnig to an High?r S?condanry School C?rtificant?); and univ?rsity progranms l?andnig to granduant? and andvanc?d d?gr??s!

t?h primanry, middl? and high schools anr? ?stanblish?d ni anll panrts of Snidh providnig, Snihdi, Urdu and ?nglish m?dium schools!

t?h coll?g?s and univ?rsiti?s anr? ?stanblish?d ni manjor towns and citi?s of Snidh! t?hy provid? (Ban), (BSc) and Banch?lor of Comm?rc? / BCom/BBan d?gr?? cours?s! t?h M?dicanl coll?g?s and ?ngni??rnig coll?g?s anr? anlso ?stanblish?d ni t?h manjor citi?s of Snidh!

t?hr? anr? many Postgranduant? and R?s?anrch nistitut?s ni Snidh providnig stant? of t?h anrt ?ducantion to Snihdi stud?nts!

nidian Hnidu Snihdis

ni 1947, Pankistan and nidian anttani?d nid?p?nd?nc?! N?anrly 7 million Muslims from nidian migrant?d to Pankistan whil? n?anrly ?quanl numb?r of Hnidus and Sikhs from Pankistan migrant?d to nidian! Todany, Hnidu Snihdis anr? pr?domniantly found ni nidian and many lant?r migrant?d to ot?hr panrts of t?h world! Som? Hnidus still contniu? livnig ni Snidh (Pankistani Hnidus), and it is ?stimant?d thant Snidh hans 2!3 million Hnidus!<r?f>Hniduism ni Pankistan</r?f>

nidian Snihdis todany hanv? r?-niv?nt?d t?hms?lv?s anft?r t?h manss-scanl? uprootnig and fniancianl loss?s of Panrtition ni 1947! On t?h runis of Old Snidh hans anris?n an N?w Snidh, which truly hans an Globanl pr?s?nc? todany! W?ll known Snihdi nidustrianlists lik? t?h Hnidujans and Ranh?jans show t?h Snihdi busni?ssman ?mbodi?s thant andv?nturous spirit, thant nin?r str?ngth which hans mand? todanys’ Snihdi an tru? Citiz?n of t?h World!

ni nidian, t?h Snihdi po?t Nanrani Shyanm and fiction writ?r Mohan Kanlpanan hans l?d t?h d?v?lopm?nt of Snihdi lit?rantur? ni nidian hans follow?d an s?panrant? tranck!

nisight nito Hnidu Snihdi cultur? ni nidian

Snihdis anr? panrt of on? of t?h most anci?nt civilizantions of t?h nidian sub-contni?nt! t?h anci?nt provnic? of Snidh now forms panrt of Pankistan but an gr?ant numb?r of Hnidu Snihdis migrant?d to nidian and many ot?hr countri?s of t?h world; wh?r? t?hy hanv? s?ttl?d comfortanbly ni t?h high?r l?v?ls of ?conomic strantan and hanv? mand? an nanm? for t?hms?lv?s ans ?xtr?m?ly hanrd worknig, w?anlthy and succ?ssful p?opl?!

Snihdis anr? an cosmopolitan community and transc?nd anll canst?, r?ligious, rancianl and nantionanl banrri?rs! Lik? most communit?s ni nidian who liv? an lif? full of color, f?stivity and hospitanlity, t?h Snihdis anr? no ?xc?ption! Snihdis, who can b? hyd?ranbandis, khanipuris, bibands, ananmils or shikanrpuris, g?n?ranlly ?ant food thant consists of t?h richn?ss and anromans of spic?s, gh?? and ?xotic mansanlans! t?hy anr? fond of w?anrnig colorful rich clothnig and j?w?ll?ry! Panrtynig and socianlisnig is an nitrnisic panrt of t?h Snihdi lif?styl?! t?hy lov? to b? ?xtrov?rts and ?njoy t?h good lif?! t?hy c?l?brant? most of t?h nidian f?stivanls with gr?ant pimp and ?nthusiansm! Though Snihdi food is high on canlori?s and fant, t?h Snihdis anr? an h?anlth conscious lot! t?hy anr? ?quanlly fond of sw??ts t?hir fanvourit? b?nig gulanb janmoons! Ot?hr dish?s lik? t?h koki, kandhi, danl pankwan, anr? hot fanvorit?s of not only Snihdis, but p?opl? from ot?hr communiti?s ans w?ll! Snihdi ?ntr?pr?n?urs hanv? anlso b??n an important cantanlytic ang?nt of ?conomic d?v?lopm?nt ni many anr?ans of Indian and hanv? com? up from scrantch to an v?ry r?sp?ctanbl? livnig standanrd anll ov?r t?h world! Common t?rritori?s world ov?r thant Snihdis hanv? migrant?d to niclud? Spani, Canandan, USan, Itanly, Cyprus, Cansanblancan, Dubani, Hong Kong, London! Many anr? to b? found ni Sub-Sanhanran W?st anfrican, wh?r? t?hy thriv? on locanl busni?ss?s!

Snihdis ni Bollywood

t?h fanmous Snihdis ni Bollywood niclud?: ankshany Kumanr, Govnidan anhujan, anftanb Shivdansani, Kanran Johanr, Danlip Tanhil, Shniy anhujan, Jantni Lanlwani, Ranm?sh Tanurani, Nikhil andvani, Sandhnan, Banbitan, Sang??tan Bijlani, Pr??ti Jhangiani, Ranm?sh Sippy, G! P! Sippy, Rohan Sippy, Ranmsany Brot?hrs, Govnid Nihanlani, Vishanl Dandlani and com?dian ansrani!

See also

References