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'''Zionist terrorism''' refers here to acts of political violence committed by ] groups, against ], ], and ] targets, before the establishment of the ]. '''Zionist terrorism''' refers here to acts of political violence committed by ]s, generally against ], ], ] and ]ish targets, <!-- before the establishment of the ],


⚫ == Pre-statehood Zionist militancy ==
Mainstream historians have occasionally used the term "Zionist terrorism" to refer to acts committed by the Jewish underground during the ]. Modern usage outside that context is exclusive to ], including ], ] and ] sources, as a ] to deprecate Israel.


⚫ heading now redundant --> in the ] and ], during their campaign for a ] when two ]ish underground organizations, the ] and ] (also known as The Stern Gang), were responsible for a number of violent acts against the ] and Arab inhabitants of the ]
⚫ == Pre-statehood Zionist militancy ==
⚫ In the ] and ], during their campaign for a ], two ]ish underground organizations, the ] and ] (also known as The Stern Gang), were responsible for a number of violent acts against the ] and Arab inhabitants of the ]


The ] and ] underground organizations suspended their activity against the British from the beginning of ] so as not to distract the British from the fight against the ] and many members of the underground volunteered to the ] to fight the ]s. The ] and ] underground organizations suspended their activity against the British from the beginning of ] so as not to distract the British from the fight against the ] and many members of the underground volunteered to the ] to fight the ]s.
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== Actions during the 1948 War of Independence == == Actions during the 1948 War of Independence ==
* ], in April 1948, by Irgun and Lehi forces * ], in April 1948, by Irgun and Lehi forces
**], various dates, by various regular and irregular forces<!--Both Arab and Zionist events: should probably just copy the Zionist ones into this article-->


⚫ <!--== Post-Statehood militant incidents ==
⚫ <!-- see Talk
⚫ == Post-Statehood militant incidents ==
Since the establishment of ], there have been isolated incidents of killings of Israelis and ] by Israelis for political reasons. These actions are '''not''' connected to the organized activities of the Jewish underground in the pre-state period. These acts of ] are conducted without the assistance of an organised group or ideology. Since the establishment of ], there have been isolated incidents of killings of Israelis and ] by Israelis for political reasons. These actions are '''not''' connected to the organized activities of the Jewish underground in the pre-state period. These acts of ] are conducted without the assistance of an organised group or ideology.


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== See also == == See also ==
* ] * ]
* ]
* ]


==References== ==References==
*{{Book reference | Author=J. Bowyer Bell | Title=Terror out of Zion: Irgun Zvai Leumi, LEHI, and the Palestine underground, 1929-1949 | Publisher=St. Martin's Press | Year=1977 | ID=ISBN 0312792050}} *{{Book reference | Author=J. Bowyer Bell | Title=Terror out of Zion: Irgun Zvai Leumi, LEHI, and the Palestine underground, 1929-1949 | Publisher=St. Martin's Press | Year=1977 | ID=ISBN 0312792050}}
⚫ <!-- see Talk
==Notes==
#{{anb|irgun}}The Irgun claim that they made telephone calls urging the evacuation of the King David Hotel prior to the ]. Three telephone calls were allegedly made: one to the hotel, a second to the French Consulate, and a third to the Palestine Post. It is alleged that the British authorities ignored the warnings, resulting in an unintendedly high death toll. The British deny that a warning was given, however according to ]'s 1981 book, ''International Terrorism: Challenge and Response'', evidence was introduced by a member of British Parliament in 1979 that attempted to demonstrate that warnings had been issued but were summarily ignored by the British.-->


]
] ]
] ]

Revision as of 04:22, 23 October 2005

Part of a series on
Terrorism and political violence
By ideology
Religious
Special-interest / Single-issue
Related topics
Organizational structures
  • Methods
  • Tactics
Terrorist groups
Relationship to states
State terrorism
State-sponsored terrorism
Response to terrorism
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Zionist terrorism refers here to acts of political violence committed by Zionists, generally against British military, UN, Arab and Jewish targets, in the 1930s and 1940s, during their campaign for a Jewish National Homeland when two Jewish underground organizations, the Irgun and Lehi (also known as The Stern Gang), were responsible for a number of violent acts against the British and Arab inhabitants of the British Mandate of Palestine

The Haganah and Irgun underground organizations suspended their activity against the British from the beginning of World War II so as not to distract the British from the fight against the Axis Powers and many members of the underground volunteered to the Jewish Brigade to fight the Nazis.

The Irgun resumed attacks in 1944. The smaller Lehi continued anti-British attacks throughout the war.

A fuller list of incidents can be found at List of Irgun attacks during the 1930's.

  • During the period 1937-1939, the Irgun conducted a campaign of bombings and other acts of violence against Arab civilians.
  • Lehi assassinated British minister Lord Moyne in Cairo in 1944.
  • The killings of several suspected collaborators with the Haganah and the British mandate government during The Hunting Season (1944-1945).
  • The King David Hotel bombing on July 26, 1946, killing 91 people. The Irgun delivered a warning to the hotel switchboard but there is disagreement over whether it was sufficiently in advance of the explosion or whether the hotel management responded effectively.
  • Attacked British military airfields and railways several times in 1946.
  • The bombing by the Irgun of the British Embassy in Rome, also in 1946.
  • The 1947 reprisal killing of two British sergeants who had been taken prisoner in response to British execution of two Irgun members in Akko prison.
  • Lehi assassinated the UN mediator Count Bernadotte in September 1948 for his allegedly pro-Arab conduct during the cease-fire negotiations.

Actions during the 1948 War of Independence


See also

References

  • . ISBN 0312792050. {{cite book}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Unknown parameter |Author= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |Publisher= ignored (|publisher= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |Title= ignored (|title= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |Year= ignored (|year= suggested) (help)
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