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:''This article refers to a ] called Judea and Samaria. For historical regions of Judaea and Samaria see ] or ]. For uses synonymous with the term "the ]", see that entry.''
{{Infobox Israel district
|name=Judea and Samaria
|image=We-map.png
|caption=
|imgsize=150px
|hebname=יהודה ושומרון
|arname=اليهودية والسامرة‎
|capital=
|largest city=]
|no cities=4
|no lc=13
|no rc=6
|population=
|popyear=
|area=}}
:''This article refers to an administrative ] called Judea and Samaria. For the geographical regions of Judea and Samaria, see ] or ]. For uses synonymous with the term "the ]", see that entry.''


'''Judea and Samaria''' ({{lang-he-n|יְהוּדָה וְשׁוֹמְרוֹן}}, ''Yehuda VeShomron'', also an ] יו"ש ''Yosh'' or ש"י ''Shai''; {{lang-ar|اليهودية والسامرة}}, ''al-Yahudiyyah was-Sāmarah'') is the official Israeli name of the seventh ]. Jordan occupied the territory and annexed it in 1950. The area was captured from Jordan by Israel in the 1967 Six Day war, and is considered an ] by the ]. <ref name = "Lau & Cotran 2005">{{cite web '''Judea and Samaria''' ({{lang-he|'''יהודה ושומרון'''}} ''Yehuda ve-Shomron'' , also an ] יו"ש ''Yosh'' or ש"י ''Shai''; {{lang-ar|'''اليهودية والسامرة'''}} ''al-Yahudiyyah was-Sāmarah'') are the ] terms used to describe the area now more commonly referred to as the ]. It is the official name of one of the seven ] (not recognised by the UN). ]
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=syaVd9K8YBIC&pg=PA458&dq=%22territories+occupied+in+the+recent+conflict%22+%22judea+and+samaria%22&hl=en
| title = Yearbook of Islamic And Middle Eastern Law
| ISBN = 9004144447
| last = Lau
| first = Cotran
| year = 2005
| accessdate = 2008-11-11
| publisher = BRILL
| quote = <small>First, it is now legally decided that the area between the Green Line and the Mandatory eastern border of Palestine is "occupied" and Israel remains a belligerent occupant. defined where the territories occupied by Israel are.</small>
}}</ref><ref name = "ICJ 2004">{{cite web
| url = http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1677.pdf
| title = Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory
| year = 2004
| accessdate = 2008-11-11
| publisher = ]
| quote = <small> the Court notes that the territories situated between the Green Line and the former eastern boundary of Palestine under the Mandate were occupied by Israel in 1967 during the armed conflict between Israel and Jordan. Under customary international law, the Court observes, these were therefore occupied territories in which Israel had the status of occupying Power.</small>
}}</ref>
The ] has declared that resolution of the conflict must be based on the withdrawal of Israeli forces from territories it occupied in the war, in conjunction with the termination of all claims or states of belligerency.<ref>UN Security Council resolution 242 </ref>
Sometimes, the term "Judea and Samaria" is employed {{Fact|date=December 2008}} to distinguish it from the "West Bank", which also includes East Jerusalem.


The geographical area of ] roughly corresponds to the territory of the ancient ] with the capital in Shomron (]), while ] (also Judaea) corresponds to the ] with the capital in ]. After about 80 years of ] under Kings ] and ], the United Kingdom of Israel and Judea split into two independent kingdoms that occasionally went to war with each other. Referral to them as a unit is dating from the modern period, specifically the time of their ]. However, prior to the Jordanian occupation, the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181 passed on November 29, 1947 used the term "''Samaria and Judea''" as part of the description of the border between the proposed Jewish and Arab/Muslim states.
The term "Judea and Samaria" is also employed specifically as a collective reference to the ]s in that area, historically and presently, especially by Jewish settlers and their supporters.<ref name = "Lustick 1988">{{cite web

| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=dD-1Nm6NTHQC&pg=PA1#PPA205,M1
Sometimes, the term "Judea and Samaria" is employed to distinguish it from the "West Bank", the latter term now thought to include also East Jerusalem and stretches of what used to be ] between Israel and Jordan's West Bank. Following the annexation of East Jerusalem by Israel, according to Israeli law, Judea and Samaria is considered ]{{Fact|date=January 2007}}.
| title = For the Land and the Lord : Jewish fundamentalism in Israel

| ISBN = 0876090366
The names Judea and Samaria are also employed specifically as a collective term for the ]s in that area, especially by the settlers and their supporters.{{Fact|date=July 2007}} Many ]s object to this term, which they perceive as a rejection of their rights to the land. Nevertheless, the term ''al-Yahudiyya was-Samarah'' is used by Arab Christians in reference to the Bible. <ref>Murqus, Sa'īd. Tafsīr kalimāt al-Kitāb al-Muqaddas (Cairo, 1996). (in Arabic) </ref>
| last = Lustick
| first = Ian
| year = 1998
| accessdate = 2008-11-06
| publisher = ]
| quote = <small>For political purposes, and despite the geographical imprecision involved, the annexationist camp in Israel prefers to refer to the area between the Green Line and the Jordan River not as the West Bank but as Judea and Samaria.</small>
}}</ref><ref name = "Newsweek Nov 20 1995">{{cite web
| url = http://www.newsweek.com/id/104118/page/2
| title = How Palestinians Should Use This Moment
| last = Bishara
| first = Marwan
| year = 1995
| month = Nov
| day = 20
| accessdate = 2008-11-06
| publisher = ]
| quote = <small> it stretches to the fanatical Jewish chauvinists who want to expel the Arabs from the land they call Judea and Samaria--a territory that, depending on how you read the Bible, could stretch past the Jordan as far as the Euphrates. Says Sternhell: "The minimum the religious Zionists can live with is the West Bank."</small>
}}</ref><ref name = "Newsweek Nov 13 1995">{{cite web
| url = http://www.newsweek.com/id/104060/page/2
| title = Can Peace Survive?
| last = Thomas
| first = Evan
| year = 1995
| month = Nov
| day = 13
| accessdate = 2008-11-06
| publisher = ]
| quote = <small>The religious settlers in the occupied territories believe that God gave them the West Bank--which they call by the Biblical names Judea and Samaria-and that no temporal leader can give the Promised Land away. </small>
}}</ref> Many Arab ]s object to this term as a rejection of their claim to the land. Left-wing Israelis prefer "HaGada HaMa'aravit" (הגדה המערבית "The West Bank" in Hebrew) or "Hashetahim Hakvushim" (השטחים הכבושים, The Occupied Territories).


== Status == == Status ==


{{main|West Bank#Status|West Bank}} {{main|West Bank#Status|West Bank}}
The Judea and Samaria area is administered by the ] ], and administrative decisions are subject to the command's chief, ] ].


The ] considers Judea and Samaria ("the West Bank") Israeli-occupied territory, while Israel refers to it as "disputed territory". The Israeli government has argued that Judea and Samaria provide Israel with essential security against attack ; however, Israel's claim to the territory on this basis has been weakened by the refusal of all Israeli governments since 1967 to contemplate the idea of formally annexing it and granting Israeli citizenship to its Arab inhabitants.
], adopted after Israel captured the region from Jordan in the ], declares that Israel must withdraw from territories captured in the conflict, in conjunction with the termination of all claims or states of belligerency. The future status of the region is a key factor in the ongoing ].


In the ], parties advocating relinquishing parts or all of Judea and Samaria gained 64 out of 120 ] seats (], Labour, Meretz along with the Arab parties). However, due to a change in public opinion following the ] in July-August 2006, such plans are not part of the current agenda.
==Terminology==
The term "Judea and Samaria" was officially adopted by the Israeli government in 1967 but not used extensively until the ] assumed office in 1977. <ref name="Judea and Samaria">
*{{cite book
| title = The Riddle of Nationalism: The Dialectic of Religion and Nationalism in the Middle East
| author = Ian Lustick
| year = 2002
| publisher = Logos, Vol.1, No-3
| page = 18-44
| quote = The terms “occupied territory” or “West Bank” were forbidden in news reports. Television and radio journalists were banned from initiating interviews with Arabs who recognized the PLO as their representative.
}}
*{{cite book
| title = Israeli Visions and Divisions: Cultural Change and Political Conflict
| author = Myron J. Aronoff
| year = 1991
| publisher = Transaction Publishers
| page = 10
| quote = “Judea and Samaria”, the biblical terms that the Likud government succeeded in substituting for what had previously been called by many the West Bank, the occupied territories, or simply the territories. The successful gaining of the popular acceptance of these terms was a prelude to gaining popular acceptance of the government’s settlement policies.
}}
*{{cite book
| title = Trapped Fools: Thirty Years of Israeli Policy in the Territories
| author = Shlomo Gazit
| year = 2003
| publisher = Routledge
| page = 162
| quote = the Likud Government was not satisfied with the name ‘Administered Territories’. Even though the name ‘Judea and Samaria’ had been officially adopted as early as the beginning of 1968 instead of the ‘West Bank’, it has hardly been used until 1977.
}}
*{{cite book
| title = International Law and the Administration of Occupied Territories: Two Decades of Israeli Occupation of the West Bank and Gaza Strip
| author = Emma Playfair
| year = 1992
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| page = 41
| quote = On 17 December 1967, the Israeli military government issued an order stating that “the term “Judea and Samaria region” shall be identical in meaning for all purposes . .to the term “the West Bank Region”. This change in terminology, which has been followed in Israeli official statements since that time, reflected a historic attachment to these areas and rejection of a name that was seen as implying Jordanian sovereignty over them.
}}
*{{cite book
| title = Influence of the Middle East Peace Process on the Hebrew Language
| author = Ran HaCohen
| year = 1992
| publisher = Undoing and Redoing Corpus Planning, Michael G. Clyne (ed.)
| page = 385-414, 397
| quote = During a short period immediately after the 1967 war, the official term employed was ‘the Occupied Territories’ (ha-shetahim ha-kevushim). It was soon replaced by ‘the Administered Territories’ (ha-shetahim ha-muhzakim) and then by the (biblical) Hebrew geographical terms “Judea and Samaria”. The latter were officially adopted and successfully promoted by the right wing governments (since 1977) and are still the official terms in use.
}}</ref>


== Cities ==
The name ''Judea'', when used in ''Judea and Samaria'', refers to all of the region south of ], including settlements in Gush Etzion and Har Hebron. The region of Samaria, on the other hand, refers to settlements in all areas north of the Jerusalem.
*] אריאל
*] ביתר עילית
*] מעלה אדומים


== Local councils ==
==Administrative sub-regions==
*] אלפי מנשה
The district is further divided into 8 military administrative regions: Menashe (] area), HaBik'a (]), ] (] area, known in Arabic as ]), Efrayim (] area), Binyamin (]/] area), Maccabim (] area), ] (] area) and ] (] area).
*] בית אריה
*] בית אל
*] אפרת
*] אלקנה
*] גבעת זאב
*] הר אדר
*] עמנואל
*] קרני שומרון
*] קדומים
*] קריית ארבע
*] מעלה אפרים
*] מודיעין עילית
*] אורנית


== Regional councils ==
==History==
*] גוש עציון
Samaria was one of the administrative districts of the ].
*] הר חברון
Reference to Judea and Samaria as a single unit is more recent, specifically since the time of their ].
*] מטה בנימין

*] מגילות ים המלח
===Municipalities===
*] שומרון
{| class="wikitable"
*] בקעת הירדן
! width="300;" style="font-size:larger; background:#00008B; color:white;" | Cities
! width="300;" style="font-size:larger; background:#00008B; color:white;" | Local Councils
! width="300;" style="font-size:larger; background:#00008B; color:white;" | Regional Councils
|-
| valign="top" |
*]
*]
*]
*]
| valign="top" |
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
| valign="top" |
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
|}


== See also == == See also ==
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ] * ]
* ]
* ]-
* ]
* ]
* ]


==References== ==References==
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<references/> <references/>
</div> </div>

*, The Jewish Agency for Israel, undated, retrieved August 31, 2005 *, The Jewish Agency for Israel, undated, retrieved August 31, 2005


{{Districts of Israel}} {{Districts of Israel}}
{{Judea and Samaria Area}}


{{Judea and Samaria}} ]

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] ]
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Revision as of 16:21, 8 May 2009

This article refers to a District of Israel called Judea and Samaria. For historical regions of Judaea and Samaria see Judea or Samaria. For uses synonymous with the term "the West Bank", see that entry.

Judea and Samaria (Template:Lang-he Yehuda ve-Shomron , also an acronym יו"ש Yosh or ש"י Shai; Template:Lang-ar al-Yahudiyyah was-Sāmarah) are the Biblical terms used to describe the area now more commonly referred to as the West Bank. It is the official name of one of the seven Districts of Israel (not recognised by the UN).

The geographical area of Samaria roughly corresponds to the territory of the ancient Kingdom of Israel with the capital in Shomron (Sebastia), while Judea (also Judaea) corresponds to the Kingdom of Judah with the capital in Jerusalem. After about 80 years of United Monarchy under Kings David and Solomon, the United Kingdom of Israel and Judea split into two independent kingdoms that occasionally went to war with each other. Referral to them as a unit is dating from the modern period, specifically the time of their occupation and annexation by Jordan. However, prior to the Jordanian occupation, the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181 passed on November 29, 1947 used the term "Samaria and Judea" as part of the description of the border between the proposed Jewish and Arab/Muslim states.

Sometimes, the term "Judea and Samaria" is employed to distinguish it from the "West Bank", the latter term now thought to include also East Jerusalem and stretches of what used to be no-man's land between Israel and Jordan's West Bank. Following the annexation of East Jerusalem by Israel, according to Israeli law, Judea and Samaria is considered Terra nullius.

The names Judea and Samaria are also employed specifically as a collective term for the Jewish settlements in that area, especially by the settlers and their supporters. Many Palestinians object to this term, which they perceive as a rejection of their rights to the land. Nevertheless, the term al-Yahudiyya was-Samarah is used by Arab Christians in reference to the Bible.

Status

Main articles: West Bank § Status, and West Bank

The United Nations considers Judea and Samaria ("the West Bank") Israeli-occupied territory, while Israel refers to it as "disputed territory". The Israeli government has argued that Judea and Samaria provide Israel with essential security against attack ; however, Israel's claim to the territory on this basis has been weakened by the refusal of all Israeli governments since 1967 to contemplate the idea of formally annexing it and granting Israeli citizenship to its Arab inhabitants.

In the 2006 Israeli elections, parties advocating relinquishing parts or all of Judea and Samaria gained 64 out of 120 Knesset seats (Kadima, Labour, Meretz along with the Arab parties). However, due to a change in public opinion following the Second Lebanon War in July-August 2006, such plans are not part of the current agenda.

Cities

Local councils

Regional councils

See also

References

  1. Murqus, Sa'īd. Tafsīr kalimāt al-Kitāb al-Muqaddas (Cairo, 1996). (in Arabic)
Districts of Israel
Judea and Samaria Area
Cities Map of Judea and Samaria Area
Regional committee
Regional councils
Local councils
See also
Categories: