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'''Fethullah Gülen''' (born ],]) is a Turkish author of over 60 books.<ref name=enbooks></ref><ref name=trbooks></ref> '''Fethullah Gülen''' (born ],]) is a Turkish author of over 60 books.<ref name=enbooks></ref><ref name=trbooks></ref>


Gülen's proclaimed ideal is to promote ], and dialog of civilizations<ref name=zaman144511 >, Zaman</ref> at the international scale,<ref name=zaman144646>, Today's Zaman</ref><ref name=zaman146073></ref><ref name=prospect>, Prospect, Issue 148, July 2008</ref> and to see a renaissance of the modern Muslim world with ] at the forefront in the local scale.<ref name=reuters></ref> Gülen and his movement have been named the supporter of a modernist and moderate form of Islam; a potential counterbalance to extremism.<ref name=nyt080504>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/04/world/asia/04islam.html?ex=1367640000&en=625b88103a702f94&ei=5124&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink| first=Sabrina|last=Tavernise|authorlink=Sabrina Tavernise|title=Turkish Schools Offer Pakistan a Gentler Vision of Islam|date=2008-05-04|work=New York Times}}</ref><ref name=tavernise></ref> Against this ] claim that his objective is to abolish Turkey's secular state. <ref name=autogenerated1></ref> While radical islam groups criticize his interfaith dialog efforts. Gülen's proclaimed ideal is to promote ], and dialog of civilizations<ref name=zaman144511 >, Zaman</ref> at the international scale,<ref name=zaman144646>, Today's Zaman</ref><ref name=zaman146073></ref><ref name=prospect>, Prospect, Issue 148, July 2008</ref> and to see a renaissance of the modern Muslim world with ] at the forefront in the local scale.<ref name=reuters></ref> Gülen and his movement have been named the supporter of a modernist and moderate form of Islam; a potential counterbalance to extremism.<ref name=nyt080504>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/04/world/asia/04islam.html?ex=1367640000&en=625b88103a702f94&ei=5124&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink| first=Sabrina|last=Tavernise|authorlink=Sabrina Tavernise|title=Turkish Schools Offer Pakistan a Gentler Vision of Islam|date=2008-05-04|work=New York Times}}</ref><ref name=tavernise></ref> Against this ] claim that his objective is to abolish Turkey's secular state, a view reported by one of the sermons of Gülen<ref></ref> While radical islam groups criticize his interfaith dialog efforts.




Fethullah Gülen has started a movement. His movement has its base in ] and forms a significant factor in Turkish society.<ref name=prospect/><ref></ref><ref></ref>In many countries schools are opened according to his philosophy. These schools are intended to promote peace and dialog in general<ref name=munley>Munley, Ann. "Contributions of the Gülen Community to Muslim Dynamism and Education" conference held on March 3rd, 2008 at Marywood University.</ref><ref name=autogenerated2></ref><ref name=forbes0118/> and offer a moderate vision of Islam in Muslim countries.<ref name=nyt080504/><ref name=cuttingedge></ref> He has invested in ] by meeting ] and ] leaders, including the ].<ref name=gulendialog></ref> Fethullah Gülen has started a movement. His movement has its base in ] and forms a significant factor in Turkish society.<ref name=prospect/><ref></ref><ref></ref>In many countries schools are opened according to his philosophy. These schools are intended to promote peace and dialog in general<ref name=munley>Munley, Ann. "Contributions of the Gülen Community to Muslim Dynamism and Education" conference held on March 3rd, 2008 at Marywood University.</ref><ref name=autogenerated2></ref><ref name=forbes0118/> although the schools favor segregation of Turks <ref></ref>. He has invested in ] by meeting ] and ] leaders, including the ].<ref name=gulendialog></ref>


Gülen is characterized in the media as one of the world's most important Muslim figures,<ref name=economist10808408></ref> with the Gülen movement as one of the world's leading Muslim movements.<ref name=forbes0118></ref><ref name=economist10808408 /> Gülen has been the subject of several academic studies.<ref></ref><ref name=scholar></ref><ref></ref><ref name=autogenerated3></ref><ref></ref> Gülen is characterized in the media as one of the world's most important Muslim figures,<ref name=economist10808408></ref> with the Gülen movement as one of the world's leading Muslim movements.<ref name=forbes0118></ref><ref name=economist10808408 /> Gülen has been the subject of several academic studies.<ref></ref><ref name=scholar></ref><ref></ref><ref name=autogenerated3></ref><ref></ref>

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M. Fethullah Gülen
Born1941
Erzurum, Turkey
Websitehttp://en.fgulen.com

Fethullah Gülen (born 27 April,1941) is a Turkish author of over 60 books.

Gülen's proclaimed ideal is to promote peaceful coexistence, and dialog of civilizations at the international scale, and to see a renaissance of the modern Muslim world with Turkey at the forefront in the local scale. Gülen and his movement have been named the supporter of a modernist and moderate form of Islam; a potential counterbalance to extremism. Against this secularists claim that his objective is to abolish Turkey's secular state, a view reported by one of the sermons of Gülen While radical islam groups criticize his interfaith dialog efforts.


Fethullah Gülen has started a movement. His movement has its base in Turkey and forms a significant factor in Turkish society.In many countries schools are opened according to his philosophy. These schools are intended to promote peace and dialog in general although the schools favor segregation of Turks . He has invested in interfaith dialog by meeting Jewish and Christian leaders, including the Pope.

Gülen is characterized in the media as one of the world's most important Muslim figures, with the Gülen movement as one of the world's leading Muslim movements. Gülen has been the subject of several academic studies.


Biography

Gülen was born in Erzurum, Turkey in 1941. He started primary education at his home village, but did not continue after his family moved, and instead focused on informal Islamic education. He gave his first sermon when he was 14. In 1959 he was awarded a state preacher's license in Edirne. In 1966 he was transferred to a post in İzmir. It was here that Gülen's recurring themes began to crystallize and his audience base began to expand. He also traveled around the provinces in Anatolia and gave sermons in mosques, town meetings and coffee houses among other places. From İzmir on, he placed a special emphasis on promulgating his ideas to high school and college students and recruiting them for his movement.

Gülen retired from formal preaching duties in 1981. From 1988 to 1991 he gave a series of sermons in popular mosques of major cities. His long career had made him a well-known figure in Islamic circles, however, it was the interfaith dialog efforts, Islamic political activism and his courtship with the center-right political parties in the 1990s that made him a public figure. In 1994, he helped found the "Journalists and Writers Foundation".

Through his speeches, he gained a following in society. In particular, by adopting a theme that was previously explored by Said-i Nursi, he envisioned a society of devout Muslims who nevertheless would adopt methods and technical knowledge that led to development in western countries.

Gülen has been living in the US since 1998 to receive better treatment for his health problems as he suffers from diabetes and a range of its side effects.

Media Coverage

The ideas of Fethullah Gülen, and the schools opened by his followers in many countries have recently been the subject of articles by Forbes magazine and the French daily Le Monde. In the Forbes article entitled "Gülen Inspires Muslims Worldwide", the chief characteristic of the Gülen movement is identified as not seeking to subvert modern secular states but rather encouraging practicing Muslims to use to the fullest the opportunities those countries offer. In an article in The Economist, the Gülen movement is reported as a Turkish-based movement, vying to be recognized as the world's leading Muslim network, and Gülen himself as one of the world's most important Muslim figures. Reuters also analyzed Gülen and Gülen movement in a recent article : Gülen wants to see a renaissance of the modern Muslim world with Turkey at the forefront.

In a 2008 internet poll of Foreign Policy magazine Gülen was named as the top public thinker . Concerns about the validity of the poll were raised though, as it seems likely that press attention to the poll in Turkey increased voting for Gülen dramatically. Gülen himself stated that he has never imagined being or wished to be chosen as something important in the world, but he has always tried to be a humble servant of God and a humble member of humanity .

Gülen was described as the modern face of the Sufi Ottoman tradition in an article in the center-left British monthly, Prospect. Prospect reported that Gülen insists on friendship among people of all faiths and that "no one should be seen as an outsider." "Millions of people inside and outside Turkey have been inspired by Gülen," the magazine said, citing "a combination of charisma, good organization and an attractive message" as reasons for his overwhelming support worldwide .

Academic studies about Gülen

Gülen has been the subject of several academic studies. In November 2006 one conference was held at the University of Oklahoma titled The Fethullah Gülen Movement in Thought and Practice, and in October 2007 a second conference was held at the House of Lords, under the sponsorship of the London School of Economics, and the University of London to study Gülen and his movement. Yet another conference is held in November 2008 at Georgetown University, which is titled Islam in the age of global challenges, Alternative Perspectives of the Gülen Movement.

Ann Munley, the president of Pennsylvania's Marywood University, has likened Turkish schools to islands of peace.

Community perception

Gülen and his movement have won praise from many non-Muslim quarters, with their belief in science, interfaith dialogue and multi-party democracy. They are viewed as modernist and all-embracing Muslims, who can counterbalance extremism in the Muslim world. For instance, Sabrina Tavernise of New York Times has stated that they come from a moderate blend of Islam that is very inclusive.' In the same newspaper, Turkish schools opened and operated by Gülen movement are accounted in an article titled, 'Turkish Schools Offer Pakistan a Gentler Vision of Islam' exclusively based on the Pakistan example. In fact, in a prestigious weekly journal of Pakistan, Cutting Edge, Gülen and his movement is analyzed, recently. Gülen is described as 'An icon of universal peace' in an article with the same title.

Gülen gains respect from the Jewish circles of the international society as well. Center for Interreligious Understanding Director Rabbi Jack Bemporad has said the Gülen movement, led by well-respected Turkish intellectual and scholar Fethullah Gülen, aims to create a more peaceful world and invites all people to unity.

In a recent interview, İzzettin Doğan, a well-known leader of Alevi circles and President of Cem Foundation, mentioned Gülen as a thinker and a philosopher. He expressed his respect and said that:

He has made positive contributions to the construction of cemevis (Alevi places of worship). Years ago, he said, "Cemevis should be constructed next to mosques." This is a considerably important statement. In addition, he is open to discussion. In this regard, I never had any doubts about Gülen's ideas.

A decision made by the local government of Houston, Texas indicates the appearance of Gülen's ideas in the Western world. Feb. 21 is declared Gülen Institute Day in Houston. It is stated in the decision letter that the organization, whose honorary president is Fethullah Gülen, serves all humanity without discrimination and boosts mutual understanding and respect and cooperation among people from diverse backgrounds. Similarly, Former Norwegian Prime Minister Kjell Magne Bondevik has said the ideas of Fethullah Gülen, a Turkish-Muslim scholar, and the activities of his movement are in complete harmony with the approach of The Oslo Center for Peace and Human Rights, which Bondevik currently heads. He stated that:

We both believe in dialogue, in respecting and trying to understand each other, in building bridges between main cultures and religions.'

Philosophy and activities

According to Gülen his theological views lie solidly within the Turkish Sunni mainstream while being more responsive to modern world than other Islamic movements . He has also adopted some views of founder of the Nur (light) movement, Said Nursi, among others.

Gülen claims the modern world is plagued by individuals' lack of faith, and in particular, the failure to adopt scientific methods while in the same time preserving moral values and belief in God. Gülen argues science and faith are two different aspects of the truth, and that science can benefit from or requires a moral foundation from religion.

He has guided his supporters to open about 500 educational institutions in more than 90 countries in Eurasia, Africa and North America.

Interfaith Dialog

Gülen's published works in the 1990s advocated dialog among communities and faiths, tolerance, and acceptance of others. He personally met with religious leaders, including Pope John Paul II, the Greek Orthodox Patriarch Bartholomeos, and Israeli Sephardic Head Rabbi Eliyahu Bakshi-Doron. Some pictures of these dialog meeting are documented in Gülen's website.

Gülen Thoughts on Terrorism

Gülen does not approve use of Islam and terrorism together . That is, he agrees that such terrorism exists but argues that it is not Islamic or Muslim. He formulates his ideas as "A Real Muslim cannot be a Terrorist". He has written an article in response to the September 11 attacks saying:

We condemn in the strongest of terms the latest terrorist attack on the United States of America, and feel the pain of the American people at the bottom of our hearts.

A question asked by Nuriye Akman of Zaman: It appears that al-Qaeda network has a cell in Turkey. You explained about the religious side of the matter. Does it have different meanings as well? Gülen's response was:

One of the people in the world I hate the most is Bin Laden, because he spoiled the bright appearance of Islam. He created a dirty image. Even if we try to fix that terrible damage with all our best, it would take years. We will tell about it everywhere in different platforms. We will write books about it. We will say, 'this is not Islam.' Bin Laden replaced Islamic logic with his feelings and desires. He is a monster, as are the men around him. If there is any one similar to them, they too are nothing more than monsters.

Works

Gülen has authored over 60 books and many articles on a variety of topics: social, political and religious issues, art, science and sports, and recorded thousands of audio and video cassettes. He contributes to a number of journals and magazines owned by his followers. He writes the lead article for the Fountain, Yeni Ümit, Sızıntı, and Yağmur, Islamic and philosophical magazines in Turkey. Some of his books are available in English, German, Russian, Albanian, Japanese, Indonesian, Korean, Spanish and Kazakh.

Bibliography in English

Some of his English books are as listed below:

Philosophy of religion: Questions and Answers, Essentials of the Islamic Faith, Questions and Answers about Faith, Key Concepts in the Practice of Sufism (3 vols)

Religion: Muhammad: The Messenger of God, Prophet Muhammed as Commander, The Infinite Light vol 1–2

Education: Pearls of Wisdom

Art: Truth Through Colors, Emerald Hills of the Heart

Social issues: Towards the Lost Paradise, Towards Global Civilization of Love and Tolerance, The Statues of Our Souls

Controversies

Gülen is a controversial figure for some secularists in Turkey. On the other hand, some radical groups severely criticize his interfaith dialog efforts. Controversies over Gülen are even enhanced after his meeting with the Pope John Paul II .

Gülen was widely criticized in 2004 when he, in contrast with his public calls for tolerance, commented that he considered terrorism to be equally despicable as atheism. In a follow-up interview he declared he did not intent to equate atheists and murderers; rather, he wanted to highlight the fact that according to Islam both were destined to suffer eternal punishment.

In June 2008, Gülen's application for a U.S. Permanent Resident Card, widely known as the green card,has been refused by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, or USCIS. Gülen appealed and the court ordered that USCIS shall approve Gülen's petition for alien worker as an alien of extraordinary ability by August 1, 2008.

In a recent interview, professor and a leader of Alevi circles, Izzettin Dogan expressed his respect and stated that he has never doubt about Gülen's openness and ideas, although he is not always agree with him. He commented further that Gülen aims to Islamise Turkey by democratic means using education.

Trials

Gülen has been living in the US since 1998. Several months after Gülen had moved to the United States to receive better treatment for his health problems (he suffers from diabetes and a range of its side effects) a scandal developed. Gülen was claimed to have urged his followers in the judiciary and public service to "work patiently for the sake of the (Islamic) state in prerecorded video cassettes." Gülen himself explained that the footage in question was montaged and completely taken out of context (he was giving advice to a group of official employees who felt marginalized by other groups within the state system that wanted them gone), and that he can't be judged for intent, only deeds. Accordingly, he advised them that they should not relinquish their careers out of religious fervor but that they should remain in order to do good for the people, even if this meant not practicing their religion in the open.

Based on these claims, in 2000 Gülen was prosecuted for inciting his followers to plot the overthrow of Turkey's secular government. After a long trial period, he was cleared of all the accusations by a court decision taken unanimously in 2006. The Chief Prosecutor's Office objected to the decision, but The Supreme Court of Appeals has rejected the Chief Prosecutor's Office's objection to the acquittal of Fethullah Gülen. This is the final decision for his long trial process started in 2000.

It is stated that most of the claims against Gülen and the video cassettes are fabricated by the Ergenekon gangs which has ties to Neo-Nazi organizations and under investigation recently for a military coup and infiltration to and illegal organization in the military ranks, and by the media under their control. Ergenekon trial unveiled that the gangs attempted to manipulate Gulen's trial as well, by buying false witnesses and faking up evidence. Recently, some of the people responsible for fake up evidence is escaped from the Ergenekon trial and living outside of Turkey .

A recent document dated April 2009 in Turkish press discovered as part of the ongoing Ergenekon investigation have revealed plans to weaken the Gülen movement and to support with individuals arrested on charges of Ergenekon gang membership. Documents allegedly prepared by a colonel on active duty have revealed that the TSK had a systematic plan to damage the image of the the Gülen movement in the eyes of the public. It is also reported that plots for degradation of Gülen and Gülen movement dates back at least about 30 years. They also aim to show followers of the Gülen movement as being engaged in illegal acts.

We will enable the discovery of weapons, ammunition and documents at the addresses of Gülen's followers as if they were members of a terrorist organization. The movement will be named ‘Fethullah's Armed Terrorist Organization' (FSTÖ) and investigations into its members will be carried out by military prosecutors. We will focus on the concept of moderate Islam and emphasize that the Gülen movement aims to cause Islam to deviate from its original form.

continue the documents. The General Staff has announced that an investigation has been launched into recently revealed documents.

See also

References

  1. ^ Fethullah Gülen's works: English books
  2. ^ Fethullah Gülen's works: Turkish books
  3. Academic says West knows little of Gülen's contributions, Zaman
  4. ^ Gülen movement invites people to unity, says famous rabbi, Today's Zaman
  5. ^ Former Norwegian PM: Our center takes same approach as Gülen
  6. ^ A modern Ottoman, Prospect, Issue 148, July 2008
  7. ^ Reuters: Turkish Islamic preacher - threat or benefactor?
  8. ^ Tavernise, Sabrina (2008-05-04). "Turkish Schools Offer Pakistan a Gentler Vision of Islam". New York Times.
  9. ^ Interview with Sabrina Tavernise, World View Podcasts, New York Times, May 4, 2008
  10. The AKP's Political Power Base
  11. Meria Journal: Fethullah Gülen and his liberal 'Turkish Islam' movement
  12. Fethullah Gülen Web Sitesi - "İlhan Selçuk Türkiye'dir"; Öyle mi?
  13. ^ Munley, Ann. "Contributions of the Gülen Community to Muslim Dynamism and Education" conference held on March 3rd, 2008 at Marywood University.
  14. ^ Guardian: Islamic scholar voted world's No 1 thinker
  15. ^ Forbes: Gülen Inspires Muslims Worldwide
  17. ^ Fethullah Gülen: Interfaith-intercultural dialog meetings
  18. ^ Economist: Global Muslim networks, How far they have traveled
  19. Academic Conference Papers
  20. ^ Google Scholar Search
  21. House of Lords: Gülen Conference
  22. ^ Georgetown University: Gülen Conference
  23. University of Oklahoma: Gülen Conference
  24. An interview with Fethullah Gülen's primary school teacher
  25. http://tr.fgulen.com/a.page/hayati/hayat.kronolojisi/a4443.html
  26. Gülen's answers to various claims made against him. See Claim 4.
  27. Foreign Policy: The World’s Top 20 Public Intellectuals
  28. The Top 100 Public Intellectuals, Foreign Policy, May-June 2008
  29. Foreign Policy: Meet Fethullah Gülen, the World’s Top Public Intellectual
  30. Prospect: A modern Ottoman, Issue 148, July 2008
  31. Bulut, Kadir (2008-03-14). "American university president likens Turkish schools to islands of peace". Today's Zaman. Retrieved 2008-07-06.
  32. Cite error: The named reference cuttingedge was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  33. ^ Cite error: The named reference zaman145137 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  34. Gülen's answers to various claims made against him. See Claim 4 and 9.
  35. Yeni Aktüel Weekly Magazine, 11–17 October 2005, No:13.
  36. M. Hakan Yavuz and John L. Esposito, eds. Turkish Islam and the Secular State: The Gülen Movement (Syracuse University Press, 2003) ISBN 0815630409.
  37. Toward a Global Civilization of Love and Tolerance, ISBN 1932099689
  38. Advocate of Dialogue: Fethullah Gülen, ISBN 0970437013
  39. Fethullah Gülen: A life dedicated to peace and humanity - True Muslims Cannot Be Terrorists
  40. Fethullah Gülen: A life dedicated to peace and humanity - Fethullah Gülen's Response to the Sep 11 Terrorist Attack on US
  41. Fethullah Gülen: A life dedicated to peace and humanity - Islam Abhors Acts of Terror
  42. http://www.fethullahgulen.org/content/view/1727/24/
  43. LubbockOnline.com - Mysterious Fethullah Gülen may yet merge Islam with West 01/22/05
  44. Fethullah Gülen and Atheist-Terrorist Comparison, Today's Zaman
  45. Kaplan, Sefa (2004-04-21). "Ateist terörist değildir". Hürriyet (in Turkish). Retrieved 2008-07-06.
  46. Fethullah Gülen v. Michael Chertoff, et al, 2008 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 54607 Civil Action No. 07-2148 (United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania July 16, 2008).
  47. Nazim Hikmet’E Yapilanlar Fethullah Hoca’Ya Yapilmamali
  48. BBC News | Europe | Turkish investigation into Islamic sect expanded
  49. Gülen's answers to claims made based on the video tapes taken from some of his recorded speeches
  50. Cite error: The named reference autogenerated1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  51. WorldWide Religious News-Gülen acquitted of trying to overthrow secular government
  52. Court rejects prosecutor's objection to Gülen's acquittal
  53. Renowned Islamic scholar Gülen cleared of all charges
  54. Court of Appeals clears Gülen of all allegations
  55. We fabricated Gülen's video cassettes
  56. Disinformation, bureaucratic manipulation and ‘new forces’?
  57. Dugmeye basan Ergenekon muydu?
  58. Ergenekon investigation gets deeper
  59. Ergenekon Founding Document
  60. Küçük, Nazi gazetesine darbe temennisi yapmış
  61. Alman ırkçılarıyla birlik
  62. Haber 16: Deep Relations of Veli Kucuk
  63. Ergenekon investigation to shed light on Turkey’s dark history
  64. Military probe starts into Ergenekon officers, paper reports
  65. The road from Hitler to Ergenekon
  66. Ergenekon proves litmus test for politicians and media
  67. Hrant Dink, Ergenekon, and the saucy Turkish media
  68. Gulen question to general Kilic
  69. Public prosecutor asked about faked up evidence in Gulen case
  70. General, what kind of evidence should we create against Gülen?
  71. Wanted CEV President has escaped
  72. An anecdote from MGK about Gulen
  73. Military’s evil plot against AK Party and Gülen movement
  74. Military’s evil plot against AK Party, Gülen movement exposed

External links

The Gülen movement

Other sources

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