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| ] shortly before Kennedy's assassination. Greer is in the driver's seat. Agent ] was in the front passenger seat.]] | ] shortly before Kennedy's assassination. Greer is in the driver's seat. Agent ] was in the front passenger seat.]] | ||
| '''William Robert Greer''' (], ] - ], ]) was an agent of the ], best known for having driven President ]'s automobile in the motorcade through |
'''William Robert Greer''' (], ] - ], ]) was an agent of the ], best known for having driven President ]'s automobile in the motorcade through Dealey Plaza in Dallas on ], ], when ]. | ||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| Greer was born on a farm in ], ], and emigrated to the United States in |
Greer was born on a farm in ], ], ], and emigrated to the United States in 1929.<ref>'''', 17 July 2008.</ref> After working for over a decade as a ] and servant to several wealthy families in the Boston area, including the ], Greer enlisted in the ] in ], and then joined the ] on ], ]. | ||
| Greer took a role close to Kennedy, and can be seen in several pictures with the Kennedy family. He chauffeured the president on many occasions, including the day of the assassination. Like all agents involved, he has been the target of much speculation and criticism for his actions on that day. He |
Greer took a role close to Kennedy, and can be seen in several pictures with the Kennedy family. He chauffeured the president on many occasions, including the day of the assassination. Like all agents involved, he has been the target of much speculation and criticism for his actions on that day. He testified before the Warren Commission regarding the incident. | ||
| Greer retired on disability from the Secret Service in 1966 due to a stomach ] that grew worse following the Kennedy assassination |
Greer retired on disability from the Secret Service in 1966 due to a stomach ] that grew worse following the Kennedy assassination<ref>Obit, ''The Washington Post'', February 28, 1985</ref>. In 1973 he relocated to ], where he eventually died of ]. Greer's son Richard told author ] in 1991 that his father "had absolutely no survivor's guilt."<ref>"Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye" by Dave Powers & Kenneth O'Donnell, page 44; "The Death of a President", page 290; Please see: http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v4n1/v4n1chapter08.pdf</ref> | ||
| ==Analysis and criticism== | |||
| ==Fatal delay== | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| Some commentators have criticized Greer's actions during the assassination, noting that he did not accelerate the vehicle to get the president out of danger as soon as he could have. In the confusion after the first shot was fired, the limousine's brake lights can be seen coming on briefly, slowing the car to almost a walking pace. The vehicle accelerated several seconds later, but by then the fatal shot had been fired. (Since that time, Secret Service agents have been trained to accelerate rapidly out of the area if they even think they hear gunfire.) | |||
| Greer did not discuss slowing the car in his statement to the FBI on the night of the assassination, nor did he mention this aspect to the Warren Commission during the official investigation.<ref>President's Commission on The Assassination of President Kennedy, ''Investigation of the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy'', (United States Government, 1964), Volume II, pp. 112-132</ref> His testimony also seems to deny that he turned to look directly at Kennedy during the shooting, although the ] shows him doing this. Greer also testified that he turned to look back only once.<ref>President's Commission on The Assassination of President Kennedy, ''Investigation of the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy'', (United States Government, 1964), Volume II, p. 117</ref> However, in the Zapruder film, Greer looks back during frames 280-289 and again during frames 301-313, this time with his entire torso turned around. This second turn corresponds with the fatal delay just .05 seconds before the head shot. The film also shows that Greer rapidly accelerated the vehicle only after the fatal shot had been fired. | |||
| ⚫ | Greer did not discuss slowing the car in his statement to the FBI on the night of the assassination, nor did he mention this aspect to the Warren Commission during the official investigation. His testimony seems to deny that he turned to look directly at Kennedy during the shooting, although the ] shows him doing so. Secret Service procedures in place at the time did not allow Greer to take action without orders from senior agent ], who sat to Greer's right. Kellerman has stated that he shouted, "Let's get out of line, we've been hit," but that Greer apparently turned to look at Kennedy, initiating a fatal delay, before accelerating the car out of the danger zone.<ref>Philip H. Mellanson, with Peter F. Stevens, ''The Secret Service: The Hidden History of an Enigmatic Agency,'' (Carroll & Graf, 2002), p. 74.</ref> As ] told author ], "Greer then looked in the back of the car. Maybe he didn't believe me."<ref>"The Death of a President" by William Manchester (Perennial Edition, 1988), page 160. Please see: http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v4n1.html</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | Greer later delivered a heartfelt |
||
| ⚫ | Greer later delivered a heartfelt apology to ].<ref>William Manchester, ''The Death of a President,'' Harper & Row, 1967, p. 290.</ref> Privately, Mrs. Kennedy was bitterly critical of the agents' performance, Greer's in particular, comparing his efforts to those of "Maud Shaw" (the Kennedy children's nanny).<ref>Mary Gallagher, ''My Life With Jacqueline Kennedy,'' McKay, 1969, pp. 343, 351</ref> No agents were reprimanded or disciplined for their actions during the shooting. | ||
| The FBI interviewed Greer after the assassination and, although agents Kellerman and Behn were also interviewed, Greer's interview is unique in that his physical description is also recorded in the 11/27/63 FBI report.<ref> Please see: http://history-matters.com/archive/jfk/arrb/master_med_set/pdf/md152.pdf</ref> | |||
| ==Constant vigilance== | |||
| Greer's involvement in the events of November 22-23, 1963 was not limited to his usual duties as driver of the presidential limo. Rather than being relieved after an apparent breach of Secret Service procedure (his failure to accelerate the limo as described by agent Kellerman above), Greer told the ] that he and Kellerman were responsible for a "constant vigilance" over the president’s body<ref>House Select Committee on Assassinations, Interview of William R. Greer, Feb. 28, 1978, pp. 2, 8 (JFK Document 014059)</ref> until the conclusion of the official autopsy and preparations for burial.<ref>Vincent Palamara, ''Survivor's Guilt,'' Palamara, 2006 Chapter 8, pp. 9, 14</ref> | |||
| In images and films of the arrival of the president's body at ], Greer and Kellerman are seen lowering the president's casket.<ref>David S. Lifton, ''Best Evidence: Disguise and Deception in the Assassination of John F. Kennedy,'' (Macmillan, 1980), p. 243</ref> Greer is also seen ejecting the crew from the waiting ambulance, and climbing into the driver's seat. He drove the ambulance to ] for the autopsy, and later drove the ambulance containing the president's casket from Bethesda to the ]. | |||
| Greer was also part of the Secret Service detail that forcibly removed the president's body from Parkland<ref> James Fetzer, with Ira David Wood III, ''Murder in Dealy Plaza'', (Catfeet Press, 2000), p. 96</ref>, barred FBI agents from entering the autopsy room prior to the autopsy in Bethesda<ref> David S. Lifton, ''Best Evidence: Disguise and Deception in the Assassination of John F. Kennedy,'' (Macmillan, 1980), p. 392</ref>, and destroyed an entire roll of negative film taken by the autopsy photographer.<ref>David S. Lifton, ''Best Evidence: Disguise and Deception in the Assassination of John F. Kennedy,'' (Macmillan, 1980), p. 637</ref> When contrasted with his fatal delay relating to Kennedy's death, Greer's constant vigilance in controlling prima facie evidence (that was legally under the jurisdiction of the Dallas authorities and the FBI) continues to fuel speculation of a role beyond merely "the driver".<ref>Vincent Palamara, ''Survivor's Guilt,'' Palamara, 2006 Chapter 8</ref> | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
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Revision as of 03:07, 5 September 2009
William Robert Greer (September 22, 1909 - February 23, 1985) was an agent of the U.S. Secret Service, best known for having driven President John F. Kennedy's automobile in the motorcade through Dealey Plaza in Dallas on November 22, 1963, when the president was assassinated.
History
Greer was born on a farm in Stewardstown, County Tyrone, Ireland, and emigrated to the United States in 1929. After working for over a decade as a chauffeur and servant to several wealthy families in the Boston area, including the Lodge family, Greer enlisted in the U.S. Navy in World War II, and then joined the U.S. Secret Service on October 1, 1945.
Greer took a role close to Kennedy, and can be seen in several pictures with the Kennedy family. He chauffeured the president on many occasions, including the day of the assassination. Like all agents involved, he has been the target of much speculation and criticism for his actions on that day. He testified before the Warren Commission regarding the incident.
Greer retired on disability from the Secret Service in 1966 due to a stomach ulcer that grew worse following the Kennedy assassination. In 1973 he relocated to Waynesville, North Carolina, where he eventually died of cancer. Greer's son Richard told author Vince Palamara in 1991 that his father "had absolutely no survivor's guilt."
Analysis and criticism
Some commentators have criticized Greer's actions during the assassination, noting that he did not accelerate the vehicle to get the president out of danger as soon as he could have. In the confusion after the first shot was fired, the limousine's brake lights can be seen coming on briefly, slowing the car to almost a walking pace. The vehicle accelerated several seconds later, but by then the fatal shot had been fired. (Since that time, Secret Service agents have been trained to accelerate rapidly out of the area if they even think they hear gunfire.)
Greer did not discuss slowing the car in his statement to the FBI on the night of the assassination, nor did he mention this aspect to the Warren Commission during the official investigation. His testimony seems to deny that he turned to look directly at Kennedy during the shooting, although the Zapruder film shows him doing so. Secret Service procedures in place at the time did not allow Greer to take action without orders from senior agent Roy Kellerman, who sat to Greer's right. Kellerman has stated that he shouted, "Let's get out of line, we've been hit," but that Greer apparently turned to look at Kennedy, initiating a fatal delay, before accelerating the car out of the danger zone. As Roy Kellerman told author William Manchester, "Greer then looked in the back of the car. Maybe he didn't believe me."
Greer later delivered a heartfelt apology to Jacqueline Kennedy. Privately, Mrs. Kennedy was bitterly critical of the agents' performance, Greer's in particular, comparing his efforts to those of "Maud Shaw" (the Kennedy children's nanny). No agents were reprimanded or disciplined for their actions during the shooting.
References
- Tyrone Times, 17 July 2008.
- Obit, The Washington Post, February 28, 1985
- "Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye" by Dave Powers & Kenneth O'Donnell, page 44; "The Death of a President", page 290; Please see: http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v4n1/v4n1chapter08.pdf
- Philip H. Mellanson, with Peter F. Stevens, The Secret Service: The Hidden History of an Enigmatic Agency, (Carroll & Graf, 2002), p. 74.
- "The Death of a President" by William Manchester (Perennial Edition, 1988), page 160. Please see: http://www.assassinationresearch.com/v4n1.html
- William Manchester, The Death of a President, Harper & Row, 1967, p. 290.
- Mary Gallagher, My Life With Jacqueline Kennedy, McKay, 1969, pp. 343, 351
External links
- Warren Commission testimony
- "Survivor's Guilt", Chapter 8, by Vince Palamara
- Stabilized Zapruder Film
- Video of casket arrival at Andrew's Air Force Base
- FBI Agent O'Neils Report