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			{{Refimprove\|article\|date=April 2009}}
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			{{Original research\|article\|date=April 2009}}
			'''Mat''' ({{lang-ru\|мат, матерщи́на, ма́терный язы́к}}) is an ] ] language used in ] and other ] communities. Considered to be the strongest form of profanity, mat is censored in the media and use of mat in public constitutes a form of ], punishable under article 20.1.1 of the ]<ref>{{ru icon}} "нарушение общественного порядка, выражающее явное неуважение к обществу, сопровождающееся нецензурной бранью в общественных местах ... влечет наложение административного штрафа в размере от пятисот до одной тысячи рублей или административный арест на срок до пятнадцати суток" (''disorderly conduct displaying explicit disrespect to society, accompanied by obscene language in public ... is punishable by a fine from 500 to 1000 rubles or arrest up to 15 days'')</ref>, although it is only enforced episodically,<ref>{{ru icon}} (''Detained in south-east Moscow, the hooligans will pay fines for mat'') at ], 01-23-2008</ref> in particular due to vagueness of the legal definition.<ref>{{ru icon}} (''Department of communications will define "obscene language"'') at ], 06-24-2009</ref> Despite public ban, mat is used by Russians of all ages and in all social groups, with particular fervor in male-dominated military and the structurally similar social strata<ref name=mikhailin>{{en icon}} {{cite journal\|last=Mikhailin\|first=Vadim\|title=Russian Army Mat as a Code System Controlling Behaviour in the Russian army\|journal=The Journal of Power Institutions in Post-Soviet Societies\|url=http://www.pipss.org/index93.html\|issue=1\|volume=2004\|date=2004-09-29\|accessdate=07-01-2009}}</ref>

			== Background ==
			The origins of mat are lost in the mists of time. Russian anthropologists think that it evolved from ancient myth and magical beliefs. However, they offer divergent interpretations of the basic formula.<ref name=mikhailin/>

			It is commonly believed that the name mat derives from ''мать'' (Romanisation: mat'), the Russian word for "mother". The term might rather come from a word meaning "loud yell", which is now used in only a few expressions such as ''благим матом''. The use of mat is widespread, especially in the army, the criminal world<ref>(Russian)</ref>, and many other all-male milieus.

			The basic formula of mat, in its most common variant, is: ''Ёб твою мать'' (Yob tvoyu mat'), meaning "fucked your mother", with the familiar ты (ty) form implying contempt (as opposed to the more grammatically and socially proper use of вы (vy), similar to the distinction between the French "tu" and "vous"). In this variant the subject of the sentence is omitted, but there is also an expanded variant in which it is made explicit: ''Пёс ёб твою мать'' (Pyos yob tvoyu mat'), meaning " fucked your mother". <ref>http://www.cdi.org/russia/johnson/8513.cfm#2 Mat JRL RESEARCH & ANALYTICAL SUPPLEMENT ~ JRL 8290 Issue No. 28 • December 2004 </ref>

			Mikhailin points also to the social influence of the criminal milieu through the labor camps, where criminals were favored and allowed to dominate the "political" prisoners. Thus thieves' (блатной, blatnoy) customs, aesthetic standards, and jargon (of which mat is a significant part) penetrated the law-abiding population, especially the male adolescent subcultures of city courtyards.

			That mat belongs to the ancient layers of the Russian language (the first written mat words date to Middle Ages{{Citation needed\|date=August 2008}}). It was first introduced into literature in the 18th century by the poet ], whose poetry, combining lofty lyrics with brutally obscene words, may be regarded as a forerunner of Russian literary parody.
			The stems can be combined in many ways to generate a rather large range of new words based on them through the use of prefixes and suffixes. The first volume of the "Large ''Mat'' Dictionary" (большой словарь мата) treats only expressions with the word ''khuy'', numbering over 500 entries.{{Citation needed\|date=January 2009}}

			A detailed article by ] (translated by Andrew Bromfeld) analyzing the ], overtones, and ] of mat appeared in the ] ] issue of '']''.

			==Classical poetry with mat==
			''']'''
			(''"A Holiday in Peterhof"'' - ''"Петергофский праздник"'', 1834)
			:And so, I will not pay you
			:However, if you are a simple '' blyad' ''
			:You should consider it an honour
			:To be acquainted with the cadet's '' khuy''!

			:'''Russian:'''
			:Итак, тебе не заплачу я:
			:Но если ты простая блядь,
			:То знай: за честь должна считать
			:Знакомство юнкерского хуя!

			''']'''
			(''"Luka Mudischev"'', prologue; actually, this work was probably written at some time in the mid 19th century, but was ascribed to Ivan Barkov, an equally obscene poet who lived in the 18th century <ref>http://barkoviana.narod.ru/luka_preface.html Лука Мудищев» — история и мифология расхожие заблуждения "Luka Mudischev" - The History and Mythology:Widespread Misconceptions (in Russian) accessed Aug 8, 2008</ref>)
			:Oh you, men' wives, or widows fair,
			:Or maids with 'cherry' there intact!
			:Let me tell you some humble fact
			:About fucking out there.
			:Make fucking fair and accurate,
			:The rarer fuck means fortunate -
			:The Holy God shall save all ya
			:From some disorderly ''ebnya''.
			:As uncontrollable-kind passion,
			:Leads only to disaster's ashen,
			:And satisfied you won't be right
			:With usual ''yelda''-bearing knight.

			:'''Russian:'''
			:О вы, замужние, о вдовы,
			:О девки с целкой наотлёт!
			:Позвольте мне вам наперёд
			:Сказать о ебле два-три слова.
			:Ебитесь с толком, аккуратно,
			:Чем реже ебля, тем приятней,
			:И боже вас оборони
			:От беспорядочной ебни!
			:От необузданной той страсти
			:Пойдут и горе и напасти,
			:И не насытит вас тогда
			:Обыкновенная елда.

			== See also ==
			{{Commons category\|Russian mat}}
			*]
			*]
			*]
			*]
			*]
			*], a Russian ska/punk band famous for its vulgar lyrics

			== Notes ==
			<references/>

			== External links ==
			* - The online version of the Dictionary of Russian mat by Alexei Plutser-Sarno {{ru icon}}
			*
			*] article.]
			*
			*

			{{DEFAULTSORT:Russian Mat}}
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]
			]

Revision as of 16:58, 26 October 2009

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Mat (Template:Lang-ru) is an obscene patois language used in Russian and other Slavic language communities. Considered to be the strongest form of profanity, mat is censored in the media and use of mat in public constitutes a form of disorderly conduct, punishable under article 20.1.1 of the Offences Code of Russia, although it is only enforced episodically, in particular due to vagueness of the legal definition. Despite public ban, mat is used by Russians of all ages and in all social groups, with particular fervor in male-dominated military and the structurally similar social strata

Background

The origins of mat are lost in the mists of time. Russian anthropologists think that it evolved from ancient myth and magical beliefs. However, they offer divergent interpretations of the basic formula.

It is commonly believed that the name mat derives from мать (Romanisation: mat'), the Russian word for "mother". The term might rather come from a word meaning "loud yell", which is now used in only a few expressions such as благим матом. The use of mat is widespread, especially in the army, the criminal world, and many other all-male milieus.

The basic formula of mat, in its most common variant, is: Ёб твою мать (Yob tvoyu mat'), meaning "fucked your mother", with the familiar ты (ty) form implying contempt (as opposed to the more grammatically and socially proper use of вы (vy), similar to the distinction between the French "tu" and "vous"). In this variant the subject of the sentence is omitted, but there is also an expanded variant in which it is made explicit: Пёс ёб твою мать (Pyos yob tvoyu mat'), meaning " fucked your mother".

Mikhailin points also to the social influence of the criminal milieu through the labor camps, where criminals were favored and allowed to dominate the "political" prisoners. Thus thieves' (блатной, blatnoy) customs, aesthetic standards, and jargon (of which mat is a significant part) penetrated the law-abiding population, especially the male adolescent subcultures of city courtyards.

That mat belongs to the ancient layers of the Russian language (the first written mat words date to Middle Ages). It was first introduced into literature in the 18th century by the poet Ivan Barkov, whose poetry, combining lofty lyrics with brutally obscene words, may be regarded as a forerunner of Russian literary parody. The stems can be combined in many ways to generate a rather large range of new words based on them through the use of prefixes and suffixes. The first volume of the "Large Mat Dictionary" (большой словарь мата) treats only expressions with the word khuy, numbering over 500 entries.

A detailed article by Victor Erofeyev (translated by Andrew Bromfeld) analyzing the history, overtones, and sociology of mat appeared in the 15 September 2003 issue of The New Yorker.

Classical poetry with mat

Mikhail Lermontov ("A Holiday in Peterhof" - "Петергофский праздник", 1834)

And so, I will not pay you

However, if you are a simple blyad'

You should consider it an honour

To be acquainted with the cadet's khuy!

Russian:

Итак, тебе не заплачу я:

Но если ты простая блядь,

То знай: за честь должна считать

Знакомство юнкерского хуя!

Ivan Barkov ("Luka Mudischev", prologue; actually, this work was probably written at some time in the mid 19th century, but was ascribed to Ivan Barkov, an equally obscene poet who lived in the 18th century )

Oh you, men' wives, or widows fair,

Or maids with 'cherry' there intact!

Let me tell you some humble fact

About fucking out there.

Make fucking fair and accurate,

The rarer fuck means fortunate -

The Holy God shall save all ya

From some disorderly ebnya.

As uncontrollable-kind passion,

Leads only to disaster's ashen,

And satisfied you won't be right

With usual yelda-bearing knight.

Russian:

О вы, замужние, о вдовы,

О девки с целкой наотлёт!

Позвольте мне вам наперёд

Сказать о ебле два-три слова.

Ебитесь с толком, аккуратно,

Чем реже ебля, тем приятней,

И боже вас оборони

От беспорядочной ебни!

От необузданной той страсти

Пойдут и горе и напасти,

И не насытит вас тогда

Обыкновенная елда.

Notes

Template:Ru icon Article 20.1 of the Offences code 08.12.2003 edition "нарушение общественного порядка, выражающее явное неуважение к обществу, сопровождающееся нецензурной бранью в общественных местах ... влечет наложение административного штрафа в размере от пятисот до одной тысячи рублей или административный арест на срок до пятнадцати суток" (disorderly conduct displaying explicit disrespect to society, accompanied by obscene language in public ... is punishable by a fine from 500 to 1000 rubles or arrest up to 15 days)
Template:Ru icon Задержанных на юго-востоке Москвы хулиганов оштрафуют за мат (Detained in south-east Moscow, the hooligans will pay fines for mat) at Lenta.Ru, 01-23-2008
Template:Ru icon Министерство связи определит понятие нецензурной речи (Department of communications will define "obscene language") at Lenta.Ru, 06-24-2009
^ Template:En icon Mikhailin, Vadim (2004-09-29). "Russian Army Mat as a Code System Controlling Behaviour in the Russian army". The Journal of Power Institutions in Post-Soviet Societies. 2004 (1). Retrieved 07-01-2009. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
"Kaliningrad policemen took orders on killing businessmen." from businesspress.ru(Russian)
http://www.cdi.org/russia/johnson/8513.cfm#2 Mat JRL RESEARCH & ANALYTICAL SUPPLEMENT ~ JRL 8290 Issue No. 28 • December 2004
http://barkoviana.narod.ru/luka_preface.html Лука Мудищев» — история и мифология расхожие заблуждения "Luka Mudischev" - The History and Mythology:Widespread Misconceptions (in Russian) accessed Aug 8, 2008

External links

Русский мат с Алексеем Плуцером-Сарно - The online version of the Dictionary of Russian mat by Alexei Plutser-Sarno Template:Ru icon
Russian slang explained in English, French and German
Cited portions of a The New Yorker article.
Russian Army use of mat
Russian slang vocabulary

Categories:

Revision as of 16:58, 26 October 2009

Background

Classical poetry with mat

See also

Notes

External links