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| '''''Robotnik''''' (''The Worker'') was the ] (underground) ] published by the ] (PPS). | '''''Robotnik''''' (''The Worker'') was the ] (underground) ] published by the ] (PPS). | ||
| It was first published on |
It was first published on 12 July 1894 in ] (Vilnius) by the Lithuanian branch of then-illegal PPS, led by the future ] of the ], ].<ref name="Urban">], ''Józef Piłsudski: marzyciel i strateg'' (Józef Piłsudski: A dreamer and a strategist), Wydawnictwo ALFA, Warszawa 1997, ISBN 83-7001-914-5, p.91-99</ref> Among its other ]s was ], future ].<ref name="SW">. Short biography. Last accessed on 16 October 2006.</ref> In order to throw the ] ] and regular ] off track, the newspaper was first distributed in ].<ref name="Urban"/> Piłdsudski would become one of the chief editors and writers for the newspaper, and he often spent most of the day at the printing press.<ref name="Urban"/> Its first issue, printed in 1200 numbers, was distributed in most major cities and towns in Poland.<ref name="Urban"/> In 1900 the police managed to find the ], leading to the arrest, sentencing, and imprisonment of Józef Piłsudski and several other members of PPS (including his wife, ]), although Piłsudski would soon escape by feigning ].<ref name="Urban"/> | ||
| In the following years ''Robotnik'' would be printed in various places by several groups of PPS, or related to it. From 1915 ''Robotnik'' was legalized; the first legal issue was printed in ]. From 1919 to 1939 it became a normal, legal newspaper in the ]. Among its editors were ] (d.1927) and ] (1927–1939). Its notable contributors included ], ], ], ] and ], and its ] reached 10–20,000 issues. The last issue was released on |
In the following years ''Robotnik'' would be printed in various places by several groups of PPS, or related to it. From 1915 ''Robotnik'' was legalized; the first legal issue was printed in ]. From 1919 to 1939 it became a normal, legal newspaper in the ]. Among its editors were ] (d.1927) and ] (1927–1939). Its notable contributors included ], ], ], ] and ], and its ] reached 10–20,000 issues. The last issue was released on 23 September 1939, in the fourth week of the ]. | ||
| After the ] (in 1926) of Piłsudski, who after the ] distanced himself from PPS, ''Robotnik'' took an opposition stance towards his government; in return, some of its editions were subject to confiscations (only from 1926 to 1935 about 500 issues were confiscated).The journal was a strong supporter of PPS and ] in general; among the notable policies opposed by the journal was that of ].<ref name="as">], ''Why Didn't the Press Shout?'', KTAV Publishing House, Inc., 2003, ISBN 0-88125-775-3, </ref> | After the ] (in 1926) of Piłsudski, who after the ] distanced himself from PPS, ''Robotnik'' took an opposition stance towards his government; in return, some of its editions were subject to confiscations (only from 1926 to 1935 about 500 issues were confiscated).The journal was a strong supporter of PPS and ] in general; among the notable policies opposed by the journal was that of ].<ref name="as">], ''Why Didn't the Press Shout?'', KTAV Publishing House, Inc., 2003, ISBN 0-88125-775-3, </ref> | ||
Revision as of 07:57, 27 December 2009
- This article is about a newspaper of Polish Socialist Party. For other newspapers of this name, and other meaning of this word, see Robotnik.
 | |
| Type | varied, later daily newspaper |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1894 |
| Political alignment | socialistic |
| Language | Polish language |
| Ceased publication | 1939 |
Robotnik (The Worker) was the bibuła (underground) newspaper published by the Polish Socialist Party (PPS).
It was first published on 12 July 1894 in Vilna (Vilnius) by the Lithuanian branch of then-illegal PPS, led by the future dictator of the Second Polish Republic, Józef Piłsudski. Among its other editors was Stanisław Wojciechowski, future president of Poland. In order to throw the ochrana secret police and regular Russian police off track, the newspaper was first distributed in Warsaw. Piłdsudski would become one of the chief editors and writers for the newspaper, and he often spent most of the day at the printing press. Its first issue, printed in 1200 numbers, was distributed in most major cities and towns in Poland. In 1900 the police managed to find the printing press, leading to the arrest, sentencing, and imprisonment of Józef Piłsudski and several other members of PPS (including his wife, Maria Piłsudska), although Piłsudski would soon escape by feigning mental illness.
In the following years Robotnik would be printed in various places by several groups of PPS, or related to it. From 1915 Robotnik was legalized; the first legal issue was printed in Dąbrowa Górnicza. From 1919 to 1939 it became a normal, legal newspaper in the Second Polish Republic. Among its editors were Feliks Perl (d.1927) and Mieczysław Niedziałkowski (1927–1939). Its notable contributors included Zygmunt Zaremba, Stanisław Posner, Karol Irzykowski, Cezary Jellenta and Jan Nepomucen Miller, and its circulation reached 10–20,000 issues. The last issue was released on 23 September 1939, in the fourth week of the Polish September Campaign.
After the May Coup (in 1926) of Piłsudski, who after the First World War distanced himself from PPS, Robotnik took an opposition stance towards his government; in return, some of its editions were subject to confiscations (only from 1926 to 1935 about 500 issues were confiscated).The journal was a strong supporter of PPS and socialism in general; among the notable policies opposed by the journal was that of anti-semitism.
After the war several newspapers of that name were printed in Poland and abroad; among the most notable was another underground paper published by the Solidarity movement from 1983–1990.
References
- ^ Bohdan Urbankowski, Józef Piłsudski: marzyciel i strateg (Józef Piłsudski: A dreamer and a strategist), Wydawnictwo ALFA, Warszawa 1997, ISBN 83-7001-914-5, p.91-99
- Stanisław Wojciechowski. Short biography. Last accessed on 16 October 2006.
- Robert Moses Shapiro, Why Didn't the Press Shout?, KTAV Publishing House, Inc., 2003, ISBN 0-88125-775-3, Google Print, p.415
- Jan Kubik, The Power of Symbols Against the Symbols of Power, Penn State Press, 1994, ISBN 0-271-01084-3, Google Print, p.160, p.161
External links
- Template:Pl icon Tajne Drukarnie (Secret Printing Presses) - in 'Bibuła', another underground newspaper, Piłsudski described in 1903 the origins of 'Robotnik'