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*], Chinese hero who was a martial arts master as well as an esteemed doctor. Famous headquarters was named "Po Chi Lam" | *], Chinese hero who was a martial arts master as well as an esteemed doctor. Famous headquarters was named "Po Chi Lam" | ||
*], ] leader in ] | *], ] leader in ] | ||
*], ]s prime minister and war hero in ]. Tried to negotiate peace between the ] and ] | *], ]s prime minister and war hero in ]. Tried to negotiate peace between the ] and ] | ||
*], Liberator of ] from ] | *], Liberator of ] from ] | ||
*] Chinese warrior who destroyed the ] and its army without losing one single battle | *] Chinese warrior who destroyed the ] and its army without losing one single battle |
Revision as of 15:46, 30 December 2005
- This article is about the type of character. For other meanings, see Hero (disambiguation).
- Distinguish heroine, "female hero," from heroin, the drug.
From the Greek cognate ηρως, in mythology and folklore, a hero (male) or heroine (female) is an eminent character who quintessentially embodies key traits valued by its originating culture. The hero commonly possesses superhuman capabilities or idealized character traits which enable him or her to perform extraordinary, beneficial deeds (i.e., a "heroic deed") for which he or she is famous (compare villain).
Overview
A person normally becomes a hero by performing an extraordinary and praiseworthy deed. Traditional deeds are slaying of monsters and saving people from certain death. A hero normally fulfills the definitions of what is considered good and noble in the originating culture. However, in literature, particularly in tragedy, the hero may also have serious flaws which lead to a downfall, e.g. Hamlet. Such heroes are often referred to as tragic heroes and have a strong basis in ancient Greek tragedy.
Sometimes a real person might achieve enough status to become a hero in people's minds. This is usually complemented by a rapid growth of myths around the person in question, often attributing to him or her powers beyond those of ordinary people.
Some social commentators prescribe the need for heroes in times of social upheaval or national self-doubt, seeing a requirement for virtuous role models, especially for the young. Such myth-making may have worked better in the past: current trends may confuse heroes and their hero-worship with the cult of mere celebrity.
The Greek "Hero"
Homer applies the Greek word ηρως to all free men who were fighting in the Trojan War. Another epic poet, Hesiod, uses it in the context of the Fourth Age of Men. The most common mythological meaning comes from the Greek poet Pindar, who presents them as the offspring of mortals and the gods or those who had done a great service to mankind.
Later European History
The classic hero often came with what Lord Raglan (a descendant of the FitzRoy Somerset, Lord Raglan) termed a "potted biography" made up of some two dozen common traditions that ignored the line between historical fact and mythology. For example, the circumstances of the hero's conception are unusual; an attempt is made by a powerful male at his birth to kill him; he is spirited away; reared by foster-parents in a far country. Routinely the hero meets with a mysterious death, often at the top of a hill; his body is not buried; he leaves no successors; he has one or more holy sepulchres.
Most European indigenous religions feature heroes in some form. Germanic, Hellene and Roman heroes, along with their attributes and forms of worship have been largely absorbed by the Orthodox and Catholic denominations of Christianity, forming the basis of modern day Saint reverring.
Operatic Hero
In opera and musical theatre, the hero/heroine is often played by a tenor/soprano (more vulnerable characters are played by lyric voices while stronger characters are portrayed by spinto or dramatic voices.)
The Modern Fictional Hero
In modern movies, the hero is often simply an ordinary person in extraordinary circumstances, who, despite the odds being stacked against him or her, typically prevail in the end. In some movies (especially action movies), the hero may exibit characteristics such as superhuman strength and endurance (even the point of being seen as being nearly unkillable, despite whatever damage is done to them). Often a hero in these situations has a foil, the villain, typically a charismatic evildoer who represents, leads, or himself embodies the struggle the hero is up against.
People traditionally recognized as heroes
- Abraham Lincoln, USA president
- Adam Nieniewski, polish military commander, officer and veteran in WWI, Polish-Soviet War and WWII
- Ahmed Sékou Touré, african freedomfigther who did many african contrenys self-governed
- Albert Schweitzer, doctor and reverence for life. Opped a hospital in Gabon
- Alvin York, Hero in WWI
- Anne Frank, a young heroine
- Anwar Sadat, Egypt president how did negotiate peace betwine Egypt and Israel
- Yassar Arafat, figth for independence for Palestinian
- Arnold Schwarzenegger, saved a man to drown twen he was in Hawaii
- Audie Murphy, Americans most decorated solider in WWII
- Aung San Suu Kyi, liberator of Burma from unelected military regime
- John Axon, railwayman
- Bernard Freyberg, WWI and WWII millitary leader from New Zealand
- Bernard Law Montgomery, British leader in Second Battle of El Alamein
- Bill Gates, give one billion dollas to poor children in Afrika
- Bill Clinton, USA president
- Billy Bishop, Canadian WWI pilot some shot 72 emeny plan
- Björn Söderberg
- Bob Dole, war hero in WWII
- Boudica, figth for freedom for Britannia from the Rome
- Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, leader of Finland in WWII
- Carlos Belo, Liberator of East Timor from Indonesia
- Charles Upham, only infantryman ever awarded the Victoria Cross twice
- Chiang Kai-shek, Chinas leader in WWII
- Che Guevara, Marxist revolutionary
- Chuck Yeager, WWII ace and test pilot
- Claire Chennault, commander of the Flying Tigers
- Claus von Stauffenberg, Trying to kill Hitler
- Dag Hammarskjöld, the last Secretary-General of UN
- Dalai Lama, religious authority of Tibet
- Davy Crockett, Tennessee politician who fought and died for Texas independendence at the Alamo
- Dawit Isaak, swedish-eritean who figth for democracy for Eritrea and lock in the jail for it.
- Denise Bloch, heroine in WWII
- Doris Miller, hero in the attack on Pearl Harbor. The first African-American to be awarded the Navy’s second highest honor, the Navy Cross
- Douglas MacArthur, American warhero and general in WWII and Korean War
- Dwight D. Eisenhower, Supreme Commander for the Allies fores in WWII
- El Cid, Spanish knight
- Eleanor Roosevelt, American human rigths activist
- Emilio Aguinaldo, Filipino general and hero in Philippine Revolution and Philippine-American War
- Emmeline Pankhurst, fight for voting rights for women
- Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson, swedish rebel leader against Eric of Pomerania
- Fidel Castro, Cuban leader
- Frank Foley, Brittish MI6 agent how saved thousands of jews in Nazi Germany
- Frank Geyer, find and capture H. H. Holmes – amerikans first serie killer
- Franklin D. Roosevelt, USA president in WWII
- Franjo Kluz, Croatian and Yugoslav pilot and solider. Become People’s Hero of Yugoslavia
- Mohandas Gandhi, the non-violent activist and revolutionary
- George Beurling, Canadian figther pilot in WWII
- George Marshall, USA military leader in WWII and the Marshall Plan
- George Meade, defeating Robert E. Lee in Battle of Gettysburg
- Georgy Zhukov, Soviet Union general. victory of Battle of Berlin
- Gilbert du Motier, french hero in American Revolutionary War and French Revolution
- Gilgamesh, Epic of Gilgamesh
- Gino Strada, war surgeon
- Giuseppe Garibaldi, hero in Italy
- Gustav Vasa, leader of a revolt to figth Christian the Tyrant
- Gustav II Adolf, swedish king, milltary leader and war hero in Thirty Years War
- Guan Yu Chinese late Han Dynasty general who fought many one on one battles during Three Kingdoms
- Harald Edelstam, saved thoused of people in Chilean coup of 1973
- Harriet Tubman
- Heralda Luxin, German Woman who, during World War II, protected 9 Jewish children.
- Henry Dunant, creation of Red Cross
- Ho Chi Minh, liberator for Vietnam from french regime
- Vice-amiral Horatio Nelson, Amerial and hero in Battle of Trafalgar
- Hua Mulan, Chinese folk hero
- Hugh Dowding, British leader in Battle of Britain
- Itzhak Stern, helped Oskar Schindler to save the jews
- Ivan Susanin, a Russian peasant who saved the Czar
- Janusz Korczak
- Jesus
- Joan of Arc, France
- John Hron
- John Patler, killed George Rockwell
- John Rabe, saved 250,000 Chinese from Nanking Massacre in WWII
- Jomo Kenyatta, won the freedom for Kenya
- Joseph McCarthy, dide a “witchhunt” on communister
- Josip Broz Tito, leader of Yugoslavia in WWII
- Józef Pilsudski, Polish leader in Polish-Soviet War
- Juan Santamaría, Costa Rica
- Keith Park, New Zealand senior commander in the Royal Air Force in WWII
- Klas Pontus Arnoldson, creation Swedish Peace and Arbitration Society
- Kofi Annan, Secretary general of United Nations
- Lapu-Lapu, Philippines
- Laura Secord, Canada
- Lech Wałęsa, Liberator of Poland from communist regime
- Lilian Rolfe, WWII heroine
- Lim Bo Seng, Singaporean hero in WWII who fight for freedom for Singapore and Malaya
- Lord Guan, Chinese general
- St Lucy, helped poor pepole och figth against the emperor
- Marla Ruzicka Human Rights
- Martin Luther King, Jr., Figth for the blacks civil rights
- Maurice Buckmaster, leader in Special Operations Executive
- Maurice Gamelin, French general in WWII
- Médecins Sans Frontières
- Michael Collins, Irish revolutionary
- Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Iran
- Mohammed Mossadegh, fight for democracy and independence for Iran
- Moses
- Muhammad, prophet of Islam
- Nelson Mandela, held in a South African prison for 26 years. He led the battle to end apartheid
- Nameless Hero an ancient chinese warrior who was executed as an assassin, but buried a hero
- Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson, hero of the Battle of Trafalgar
- Nancy Wake, resistance heroine, on whom the film Charlotte Gray is based
- St Nicholas, real life Santa Claus
- Orde Wingate
- Oskar Schindler, saving 1,200 jews during the world war II
- Patrice Lumumba, won the freedom for Congo from Belgium
- Paul Rusesabagina, saved 1,200 tutsis and hutus in Rwanda genocide
- Peder Tordenskjold, naval man in Great Northern War
- Piet Hein, Dutch pirate in 16th century
- Raoul Wallenberg, saving 100,000 jews during the WWII
- Raúl Castro, Cuban revolutionary
- Raymond A. Spruance, victory of Battle of Midway
- Rigoberta Menchú Tum, fight for human rigth for Maya indians and other indigenous people
- Robert Roy MacGregor, Scottish folk hero of the 1700s
- Robert Watson-Watt, the "inventor of radar" and thanck of radar. The allied won the war
- Roland, French Christian knight killed by the Basques in the Battle of Roncevaux Pass
- Ronny Landin, Killed by Neo-nazi when he tried to save immigrant
- Rosa Parks
- Saigo Takamori the most influential samurai in Japanese History
- Simo Häyhä, legendary finnish sniper solider who killed 542 sovjet solider
- Simón Bolívar, El Libertador. South American revolutionary leader
- Simon Wiesenthal, Nazi hunter
- Sitting Bull, a indian hero
- Skanderbeg, Albanian Folk Hero during Ottoman Occupation
- Stanislav Petrov, Soviet military officer who averted a worldwide nuclear war in 1983
- Stenka Razin, Russian folk hero
- Spartacus, leader of a slave revolt in the Roman Empire
- Tan Chong Tee, Singaporean WWII veteran. Famous as Singapores James Bond
- Mother Teresa, nun who helped poor people in India
- Terry Fox, Cancer activist hero, run Marathon of Hope
- Theodore Roosevelt, USA president how trying mace peace betwine Russia and Japan in Russo-Japanese War
- Thomas Andrews, designer of the Titanic; he spent the final hours of his life helping people to the lifeboats and went down with his ship
- Togo Heihachiro, Japanese admiral and naval hero in Russo-Japanese War
- Toussaint L’Ouverture, one of the leader in Haitian Revolution
- Trung Sisters, heroines in Vietnam who fight the Chinas invasions
- U2, figth against poverty and injustice in the Third World
- Ulysses S. Grant, hero and general in Mexican-American War and American Civil War
- Vaclav Havel, liberator of Czechoslovakia from communist regime in Velvet Revolution
- Vasil Levski, Bulgarian national hero, founder of a revolutionary net
- Violette Szabo, WWII spy
- George Washington, leader of the American revolution
- Wendell Fertig, American warhero in WWII in Philippines
- William George Barker, Canadian WWI fighter ace and VC, DSO and MC winner
- William Tell, the national hero of Switzerland
- Władysław Sikorski, polish military leader in Polish-Soviet War and WWII
- William Wallace won the freedom of the Scots from the ruthless King Edward I of England
- Wong Fei-Hung, Chinese hero who was a martial arts master as well as an esteemed doctor. Famous headquarters was named "Po Chi Lam"
- Winston Churchill, British leader in WWII
- Yitzhak Rabin, Israels prime minister and war hero in Sex-Days War. Tried to negotiate peace between the arab and israel
- Xanana Gusmão, Liberator of East Timor from Indonesia
- Xiang Yu Chinese warrior who destroyed the Qin Dynasty and its army without losing one single battle
- Yi Sun-sin, Korea admiral
- Yue Fei, Chinese general from the Southern Song Dynasty
See also
- List of fictional heroes
- Anti-hero
- Tragic hero
- Culture hero
- Hero City
- Hero-Fortress
- Superhero
- Xia (philosophy)
- Action hero
- Byronic hero
External links
- Exploring the Function of Heroes and Heroines in Children's Literature from around the World
- The British Hero - online exhibition from screenonline, a website of the British Film Institute, looking at British heroes of film and television.
Further reading
- . ISBN 0192500627.
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