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A footnote is a note of text placed at the bottom of a page in a book or document. The note comments on and may cite a reference for part of the main body of text. A footnote is normally flagged by a superscript number following that portion of the text the note is in reference to.

for the first footnote on the page, for the second footnote, and so on.

Occasionally a number between brackets or parentheses, is used instead, thus: . Typographical devices such as the asterisk (*) or dagger (†) may also be used to point to footnotes. In documents like timetables many different symbols, as well as letters and numbers, may be used to refer the reader to particular footnotes.

Sometimes, especially in learned works, what are loosely called "footnotes" do not in fact appear at the foot of the particular page where the text to which they apply is printed, but are collected together, usually chapter by chapter, and appear as an appendix of notes at the end of the work. Such footnotes are more accurately called endnotes.

• The U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual devotes six pages to the topic.
• NASA has guidance for footnote usage in its historical documents.

Academic usage

Academic and scientific works are written by a process of argument. A good argument puts forward a point of view that is well grounded: it has evidence to support it. Scholars use footnotes and/or endnotes for a variety of reasons including:

• To make it clear to the reader which views are yours and which are the views of other writers;
• To allow you to acknowledge your intellectual debts to others if you decide to accept their views or information;
• To direct the reader by the most efficient signposts to the place where the information you have provided can be checked and verified or where further useful information is.

References

1. "Chapter 15: Footnotes, indexes, contents, and outlines". U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual. March 24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
2. "A Guide to Footnotes and Endnotes for NASA History Authors". NASA History Style Guide. March 24. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)

See also

• Citation
• Endnote
• Warichu

• Typography