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| == References == | == References == | ||
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| * {{cite web | author=Sam Gon III | title=A guide to the Orders of Trilobites | url=http://www.trilobites.info/index.htm | accessdate=August 23, 2005}} | * {{cite web | author=Sam Gon III | title=A guide to the Orders of Trilobites | url=http://www.trilobites.info/index.htm | accessdate=August 23, 2005}} | ||
Revision as of 18:13, 16 May 2010
This article mainly refers to animal anatomy. See Chest for the human anatomy article. For other uses, see Thorax (disambiguation).The thorax (from Greek "θώραξ" - thorax, "breastplate, cuirass, corslet") is a division of an animal's body that lies between the head and the abdomen.
In mammals, the thorax is the region of the body formed by the sternum, the thoracic vertebrae and the ribs. It extends from the neck to the diaphragm, and does not include the upper limbs. The heart and the lungs reside in the thoracic cavity, as well as many blood vessels. The inner organs are protected by the rib cage and the sternum.
In insects and the extinct trilobites, the thorax is one of the three main divisions (or tagmata) of the creature's body, each of which is in turn composed of multiple segments. It is the area where the wings and legs attach in insects, or an area of multiple articulating plates in trilobites. In most insects, the thorax itself is composed of three segments; the prothorax, the mesothorax, and the metathorax. In extant insects, the prothorax never has wings, though legs are always present in adults; wings (when present) are restricted to at least the mesothorax, and typically also the metathorax, though the wings may be reduced or modified on either or both segments. In the Apocritan Hymenoptera, the first abdominal segment is fused to the metathorax, where it forms a structure known as the propodeum. Accordingly, in these insects, the functional thorax is composed of four segments, and is therefore typically called the mesosoma to distinguish it from the "thorax" of other insects.
Each thoracic segment in an insect is further subdivided into various parts, the most significant of which are the dorsal portion (the notum), the lateral portion (the pleuron; one on each side), and the ventral portion (the sternum). In some insects, each of these parts is composed of one to several independent exoskeletal plates with membrane between them (called sclerites), though in many cases the sclerites are fused to various degrees.
References
- θώραξ, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
- Sam Gon III. "A guide to the Orders of Trilobites". Retrieved August 23, 2005.