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Revision as of 11:38, 19 October 2002
Animation refers to the process in which each frame of a film or movie is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.
Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. It is said that this method was pioneered by animation company Hanna Barberra as cartoons moved from movies into television.
Anime is the common term used for Japanese Animation; the older term "Japanimation" has fallen out of favor.
Animated films with synchronized sound tracks began to be produced in the USA in the mid 1920s.
Animation History
- Humourous Phases of Funny Faces (1906) by J. Stuart Blackton, the earliest surviving American animation
- Gertie the Dinosaur (1914) by Winsor McCay
- Fantasmagorie (1908) by Emile Cohl
- The Cameraman's Revenge (1912) by Ladislas Starevitch
- Koko the Clown (1916) by Max Fleischer
- Felix the Cat (1919) by Otto Messmer
Famous names in animation include:
- Tex Avery
- Ralph Bakshi
- Mel Blanc
- Bob Clampett
- Shamus Culhane
- Walt Disney
- Max Fleischer
- Friz Freleng
- John Hubley
- Ub Iwerks
- Chuck Jones
- Walter Lantz
- Winsor McCay
- Grim Natwick
Animation Studios
- Aardman Animation
- Filmation
- Hanna-Barbera Productions
- Pixar
- Termite Terrace
- UPA
- Walt Disney Studios
- Warner Brothers
See also: Animated series