Misplaced Pages

Pig: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editNext edit →Content deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 09:26, 29 August 2010 view sourceAgong1 (talk | contribs)554 edits →Uses in truffle hunting← Previous edit Revision as of 14:06, 29 August 2010 view source Richard New Forest (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users10,207 edits Revert: better before. New material little or no improvement, much material missing. Too much change in one go: please discuss first. Keep truffle bit though.Next edit →
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Citations missing|date=September 2007}}
{{AnimalsCleanup}}
{{Expand|date=April 2008}}
{{Taxobox {{Taxobox
| name =Domestic pig | name =Domestic pig
Line 17: Line 20:
}} }}


The '''domestic pig''', known in some areas as the '''hog''', is a ] ] animal, ] for ] (], ], ], ]s, etc.)
'''Domestic pigs''', are stout animals with generally short legs which are kept by people to supply meat or in some cases as pets. Typically, they have a sparse covering of bristly hairs or some varieties are almost naked. The domestic pig is a ] of its wild ancestor, the ] but because the variety has been extensively bred over generations it is now accepted as ''Sus domesticus''.<ref> http://www.jlr.org/cgi/reprint/13/5/593.pdf </ref>
Most domestic pigs have rather sparse hair covering on their skin, although ] breeds are known (] pig), and some were popular in the
past.<ref>http://www.malverngazette.co.uk/mostpopular.var.1476623.mostviewed.royal_visit_delights_at_the_three_counties_show.php Royal visit delights at the Three Counties Show.</ref>


The domestic pig is most often treated as a ] of its wild ancestor, the ], and in this case it is given the scientific name '''''Sus scrofa domesticus'''''.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} Some taxonomists treat the domestic pig as a separate ], when it is called '''''Sus domesticus''''', and wild boar is ''S. scrofa''.<ref>{{MSW3}}</ref> Wild boar were in human association as early as 13,000–12,700 BC. Escaped domestic pigs have become ] in many parts of the world (for example, ]) and have caused substantial environmental damage.<ref>http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CEED6103CF93AA15751C1A964958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all Alien Species Threaten Hawaii's Environment.</ref><ref>http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-Bio27Tuat02-t1-body-d1.html Introduced Birds and Mammals in New Zealand and Their Effect on the Environment.</ref>
Pigs are easily domesticated.] are mostly prized for food, but early civilizations also used the pigs' hides for shields, bones for tools and weapons, and bristles for brushes.<ref>http://www.flossybrush.ca/oral.html Oral Care.</ref> Pigs were brought to southeastern ] from ] by ] and other early ] ]s. Escaped domestic pigs become ] and have caused a great deal of devastation to agricultural crops internationally. in Australia the phenomenon is known as the ''Pig bomb''. The early ] who despite having no domesticated livestock, lost much of their crops.<ref>http://www.cambridge.org/us/books/kiple/hogs.htm II.G.13. - Hogs.</ref>

Domestic pig meat is known as ]. Almost all parts of the animal can be used as human food. In ] and ] the pig ].

Pigs are generally not dirty animals and have a preferred dunging area if allowed, but are sometimes placed in small compounds or caged which can produce hygiene problems.


==Origins== ==Origins==
Archeological evidence suggests that pigs were ] from wild boars as early as 13,000–12,700 BC in the ] in the Tigris Basin<ref>*Sarah M. Nelson Ancestors for the Pigs. Pigs in prehistory. (1998)</ref> being managed in the wild in a way similar to the way they are managed by some modern New Guineans.<ref>Rosenberg M, Nesbitt R, Redding RW, Peasnall BL (1998). Hallan Cemi, pig husbandry, and post-Pleistocene adaptations along the Taurus-Zagros Arc (Turkey). Paleorient, 24(1):25–41.</ref> Remains of pigs have been dated to earlier than 11,400 BC in ] that must have been introduced from the mainland which suggests domestication in the adjacent mainland by then.<ref>Vigne JD, Zazzo A, Saliège JF, Poplin F, Guilaine J, Simmons A. (2009). Pre-Neolithic wild boar management and introduction to Cyprus more than 11,400 years ago. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106:16135–16138. PMID 19706455 {{doi|10.1073/pnas.0905015106}}</ref> There was also a separate domestication in China.<ref name="Giuffra">Giuffra E, Kijas JM, Amarger V, Carlborg O, Jeon JT, Andersson L. (200). Genetics. 154(4):1785-91. PMID 10747069</ref>.


Archeological evidence suggests that pigs were ] from wild boar as early as 13,000–12,700 BC in the ] in the Tigris Basin<ref>*Sarah M. Nelson Ancestors for the Pigs. Pigs in prehistory. (1998)</ref> being managed in the wild in a way similar to the way they are managed by some modern New Guineans.<ref>Rosenberg M, Nesbitt R, Redding RW, Peasnall BL (1998). Hallan Cemi, pig husbandry, and post-Pleistocene adaptations along the Taurus-Zagros Arc (Turkey). Paleorient, 24(1):25–41.</ref> Remains of pigs have been dated to earlier than 11,400 BC in ] that must have been introduced from the mainland which suggests domestication in the adjacent mainland by then.<ref>Vigne JD, Zazzo A, Saliège JF, Poplin F, Guilaine J, Simmons A. (2009). Pre-Neolithic wild boar management and introduction to Cyprus more than 11,400 years ago. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106:16135–16138. PMID 19706455 {{doi|10.1073/pnas.0905015106}}</ref> There was also a separate domestication in China.<ref name="Giuffra">Giuffra E, Kijas JM, Amarger V, Carlborg O, Jeon JT, Andersson L. (200). Genetics. 154(4):1785-91. PMID 10747069</ref>.
DNA evidence from sub-fossil remains of teeth and jawbones of Neolithic pigs in Europe shows that the first domestic pigs had been brought from the Near East. This stimulated the domestication of local European ] resulting in a third domestication event with the Near Eastern genes ceasing in European pig stock. Modern domesticated pigs have involved complex exchanges with European domesticated lines being exported in turn to the ancient Near East<ref> 4 September 2007. The report concerns an article in the journal ''PNAS''</ref><ref>

DNA evidence from sub-fossil remains of teeth and jawbones of Neolithic pigs in Europe shows that the first domestic pigs there had been brought from the Near East. This stimulated the domestication of local European ] resulting in a third domestication event with the Near Eastern genes ceasing in European pig stock. Modern domesticated pigs have involved complex exchanges with European domesticated lines being exported in turn to the ancient Near East<ref> 4 September 2007. The report concerns an article in the journal ''PNAS''</ref><ref>
Larson G, Albarella U, Dobney K, Rowley-Conwy P, Schibler J, Tresset A, Vigne JD, Edwards CJ, Schlumbaum A, Dinu A, Balaçsescu A, Dolman G, Tagliacozzo A, Manaseryan N, Miracle P, Van Wijngaarden-Bakker L, Masseti M, Bradley DG, Cooper A. (2007). Larson G, Albarella U, Dobney K, Rowley-Conwy P, Schibler J, Tresset A, Vigne JD, Edwards CJ, Schlumbaum A, Dinu A, Balaçsescu A, Dolman G, Tagliacozzo A, Manaseryan N, Miracle P, Van Wijngaarden-Bakker L, Masseti M, Bradley DG, Cooper A. (2007).
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 104(39):15276-81. PMID 17855556</ref>. Historical records indicate that Asian pigs were introduced into Europe during the 18th and early 19th centuries.<ref name="Giuffra"/> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 104(39):15276-81. PMID 17855556</ref>. Historical records indicate that Asian pigs were introduced into Europe during the 18th and early 19th centuries.<ref name="Giuffra"/>


The adaptable nature and ] diet of the wild boar allowed early humans to domesticate it readily. ] were mostly used for food, but early civilizations also used the pigs' hides for shields, bones for tools and weapons, and bristles for brushes.<ref>http://www.flossybrush.ca/oral.html Oral Care.</ref> Pigs were brought to southeastern ] from ] by ] and other early ] ]s. Escaped pigs became ] and caused a great deal of disruption to ] cultures who had no domesticated livestock.<ref>http://www.cambridge.org/us/books/kiple/hogs.htm II.G.13. - Hogs.</ref>
== Uses in truffle hunting ==
Domestic pigs are used in ] and other countries to search for ]. Truffles are an expensive edible fungus used in food preparations and the pigs can smell them underground. It is thought that this is because the truffle smells similar to the ] of the animal.<ref> http://www.nytimes.com/1982/03/24/garden/truffles-why-pigs-can-sniff-them-out.html </ref>
{{Main|Truffle hog}}


==Food==
==Domestic Pigs as pets==
]].]]]
] ]
The domestic pig is used for its meat, called ]. Other products made from pigs include ], ], gammon, ], head cheese, and ]. The head of a pig can be used to make a preserved jelly called ] (brawn). ], ], ] (blood pudding or ]) and other ] from pigs are also widely used for food. In some ]s, such as ] and ], there are ].

==Farming==
In ]s, and often in ]s, the domestic pig is raised outdoors in yards or fields. In some cases pigs are allowed to ] in woods, where they may be watched by ]s, the equivalent of ]s for pigs. In ] nations, domestic pig farming has shifted away from the ] to large-scale ] where meat can be mass-produced. This has resulted in lower production costs, but more significant ] concerns.

Individual farm management practices focus on, among other things, housing facilities, feeding and ventilation systems, and temperature and environmental controls. Just as producers have to determine the type of facilities and equipment for their farm, they must find the practices that best fit their farm’s specific situation. Some procedures and treatments can be short-term stressors, so producers must weigh the long-term welfare, health and management benefits to the animals.

Using the knowledge obtained from scientific study, some producers have adopted and adapted techniques and ] skills to protect the welfare of their animals. They feel a personal and moral responsibility to take care of their animals and ensure that the animals are safe, but they also must earn a profit from their business. They consider anything short of providing the best, humane care possible as being self-defeating.

== Truffle hunting ==
{{Main|Truffle hog}}
Domestic pigs are used in ] and other countries to search for ]. Truffles are an expensive edible fungus used in food preparations and the pigs can smell them underground. It is thought that this is because the truffle smells similar to the ] of the animal.<ref> http://www.nytimes.com/1982/03/24/garden/truffles-why-pigs-can-sniff-them-out.html </ref>

==Pets==

Pigs are known to be ] animals and can be trained similarly to ]s, though they may excel in different tasks.<ref>http://www.rps.psu.edu/probing/pigs.html Are pigs smarter than dogs?</ref> Asian ]s, a small type of domestic pig, have made popular house ]s in the ] beginning in the latter half of the 20th century. Regular domestic farmyard pigs have also been known to be kept indoors, but due to their large size and destructive tendencies, they typically need to be moved into an outdoor pen as they grow older. Most pigs have a fear of being picked up, but will usually calm down once placed back on the floor. Pigs are rarely used as ]. An exception is the use of ] &ndash; ordinary pigs trained to find ]. Pigs are known to be ] animals and can be trained similarly to ]s, though they may excel in different tasks.<ref>http://www.rps.psu.edu/probing/pigs.html Are pigs smarter than dogs?</ref> Asian ]s, a small type of domestic pig, have made popular house ]s in the ] beginning in the latter half of the 20th century. Regular domestic farmyard pigs have also been known to be kept indoors, but due to their large size and destructive tendencies, they typically need to be moved into an outdoor pen as they grow older. Most pigs have a fear of being picked up, but will usually calm down once placed back on the floor. Pigs are rarely used as ]. An exception is the use of ] &ndash; ordinary pigs trained to find ].


]s, also called micro or teacup pigs, which are specifically bred to be small (from 29-65&nbsp;lbs) gained in popularity in Fall of 2009 after several mainstream press articles claimed they were a popular pet<ref>http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1218472/The-700-teacup-sized-pigs-latest-celebrity-pet.html ]s, also called micro or teacup pigs, which are specifically bred to be small (from 29-65&nbsp;lbs) gained in popularity in Fall of 2009 after several mainstream press articles claimed they were a popular pet<ref>http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1218472/The-700-teacup-sized-pigs-latest-celebrity-pet.html
popular pet to celebrities</ref> to celebrities such as ] of ] fame. popular pet to celebrities</ref> to celebrities such as ] of ] fame.



==Breeds of pigs== ==Breeds of pigs==
Line 48: Line 64:
{{Main|List of domestic pig breeds}} {{Main|List of domestic pig breeds}}
Pigs are exhibited at ]s, judged either as ] compared to the standard features of each breed, or in commercial classes where the animals are judged primarily on their suitability for slaughter to provide premium meat. Pigs are exhibited at ]s, judged either as ] compared to the standard features of each breed, or in commercial classes where the animals are judged primarily on their suitability for slaughter to provide premium meat.

According to the ] <ref>. Retrieved 18 April 2008.</ref>, seven breeds of swine in the U.S. are critically rare (having a global population of fewer than 2000). Outside the U.S., the ] (New Zealand) and ] (Danube area) are known to be critically rare. According to the ] <ref>. Retrieved 18 April 2008.</ref>, seven breeds of swine in the U.S. are critically rare (having a global population of fewer than 2000). Outside the U.S., the ] (New Zealand) and ] (Danube area) are known to be critically rare.


== Pig farming terminology==
{{Commons|Sus domesticus}}
===Types of animal===
{{Agricultural production box
|year=2007
|animal=pig
|country1={{PRC}}
|amount1=425.6
|country2={{USA}}
|amount2=61.7
|country3={{BRA}}
|amount3=35.9
|country4={{GER}}
|amount4=27.1
|country5= {{VNM}}
|amount5=26.6
|country6= {{ESP}}
|amount6=26.1
|country7= {{POL}}
|amount7=18.1
|country8= {{RUS}}
|amount8=15.9
|country9= {{MEX}}
|amount9=15.5
|country10= {{CAN}}
|amount10=14.9
|world=918.3 }}


*'''Pig''' '''hog''' or '''swine''', the species as a whole, or any member of it. The singular of "swine" is the same as the plural.
*'''Shoat''', '''piglet''' or (where the species is called "hog") '''pig''', unweaned young pig, or any immature pig.
*'''Sucker''', a pig between birth and weaning.
*''']''', an unusually small and weak piglet, often one in a litter.
*'''Boar''' or '''hog''', male pig of breeding age.
*'''Barrow''', male pig ] before puberty.
*'''Stag''', male pig castrated later in life, (that is, an older boar after castration).
*'''Gilt''', young female not yet mated, or not yet farrowed, or after only one litter (depending on local usage).<ref name='ucdavis_swineguide'> from ]</ref>
*'''Sow''', breeding female, or female after first or second litter.

===Pigs for slaughter===
''See also ]''

*''']''', a piglet slaughtered for meat.
*'''Feeder pig''', a weaned gilt or barrow weighing between {{convert|18|kg|lb|abbr=on}} and {{convert|37|kg|lb|abbr=on}} at 6 to 8 weeks of age that is sold to be finished for slaughter.
*'''Porker''', market pig between {{convert|30|kg|lb|abbr=on}} and about {{convert|54|kg|lb|abbr=on}} dressed weight.
*'''Baconer''', a market pig between {{convert|65|kg|lb|abbr=on}} and {{convert|80|kg|lb|abbr=on}} dressed weight. The maximum weight can vary between processors.
*'''Grower''', a pig between weaning and sale or transfer to the breeding herd, sold for slaughter or killed for rations{{Clarify|date=June 2008}}<!-- What does "rations" mean? -->.
*'''Finisher''', a grower pig over {{convert|70|kg|lb|abbr=on}} liveweight.
*'''Butcher hog''', a pig of approximately {{convert|100|kg|lb|abbr=on}}, ready for the market.
*'''Backfatter''', cull breeding pig sold for meat; usually refers specifically to a cull sow, but is sometimes used in reference to boars.

===Groups===
*'''Herd''', a group of pigs, or all the pigs on a farm or in a region.
*'''Sounder''', a small group of pigs (or ]) foraging in woodland.

===Pig parts===
]
*'''Trotters''', the feet of pigs (they have four ]ed toes, walking mainly on the larger central two).

===Biology===
*'''In pig''', pregnant.
*'''Farrowing''', giving birth.
*'''Hogging''', a sow when on heat (during ]).

===Housing===
*'''Sty''', a small pig-house, usually with an outdoor run or a pig confine meant.
*'''Pig-shed''', a larger pig-house.
*'''Ark''', a low field-shelter for pigs (or other animals such as ]s or ]s).
*'''Curtain-barn''', a long, open building with curtains on the long sides of the barn. This increases ventilation on hot, humid summer days.

==See also==

{{Commons|Sus domesticus}}
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]


==Notes== ==Notes==

Revision as of 14:06, 29 August 2010

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Pig" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
This animal-related article may require cleanup to conform to a higher standard of quality. You can help by improving it if you can. The article's talk page may have suggestions.

Domestic pig
A domestic pig on an organic farm in Solothurn, Switzerland
Conservation status
Domesticated
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Suidae
Genus: Sus
Species: S. scrofa
Subspecies: S. s. domestica
Trinomial name
Sus scrofa domestica
Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms
Sus domestica

The domestic pig, known in some areas as the hog, is a domesticated livestock animal, farmed for meat (pork, bacon, ham, sausages, etc.)

Most domestic pigs have rather sparse hair covering on their skin, although woolly coated breeds are known (Mangalitsa pig), and some were popular in the past.

The domestic pig is most often treated as a subspecies of its wild ancestor, the wild boar, and in this case it is given the scientific name Sus scrofa domesticus. Some taxonomists treat the domestic pig as a separate species, when it is called Sus domesticus, and wild boar is S. scrofa. Wild boar were in human association as early as 13,000–12,700 BC. Escaped domestic pigs have become feral in many parts of the world (for example, New Zealand) and have caused substantial environmental damage.

Origins

Archeological evidence suggests that pigs were domesticated from wild boar as early as 13,000–12,700 BC in the Near East in the Tigris Basin being managed in the wild in a way similar to the way they are managed by some modern New Guineans. Remains of pigs have been dated to earlier than 11,400 BC in Cyprus that must have been introduced from the mainland which suggests domestication in the adjacent mainland by then. There was also a separate domestication in China..

DNA evidence from sub-fossil remains of teeth and jawbones of Neolithic pigs in Europe shows that the first domestic pigs there had been brought from the Near East. This stimulated the domestication of local European wild boar resulting in a third domestication event with the Near Eastern genes ceasing in European pig stock. Modern domesticated pigs have involved complex exchanges with European domesticated lines being exported in turn to the ancient Near East. Historical records indicate that Asian pigs were introduced into Europe during the 18th and early 19th centuries.

The adaptable nature and omnivorous diet of the wild boar allowed early humans to domesticate it readily. Pigs were mostly used for food, but early civilizations also used the pigs' hides for shields, bones for tools and weapons, and bristles for brushes. Pigs were brought to southeastern North America from Europe by de Soto and other early Spanish explorers. Escaped pigs became feral and caused a great deal of disruption to Native Americans cultures who had no domesticated livestock.

Food

Pigs on a farm
A pig is prepared for food in Viñales, Cuba.
A sow suckling her piglets.
Two pot-bellied pigs, a breed of domestic pig originated in Vietnam

The domestic pig is used for its meat, called pork. Other products made from pigs include sausage, bacon, gammon, ham, head cheese, and pork scratchings. The head of a pig can be used to make a preserved jelly called head cheese (brawn). Liver, chitterlings, blood (blood pudding or black pudding) and other offal from pigs are also widely used for food. In some religions, such as Judaism and Islam, there are religious restrictions on the consumption of pork.

Farming

In developing nations, and often in developed nations, the domestic pig is raised outdoors in yards or fields. In some cases pigs are allowed to forage in woods, where they may be watched by swineherds, the equivalent of shepherds for pigs. In industrialized nations, domestic pig farming has shifted away from the traditional pig farm to large-scale intensive pig farms where meat can be mass-produced. This has resulted in lower production costs, but more significant animal welfare concerns.

Individual farm management practices focus on, among other things, housing facilities, feeding and ventilation systems, and temperature and environmental controls. Just as producers have to determine the type of facilities and equipment for their farm, they must find the practices that best fit their farm’s specific situation. Some procedures and treatments can be short-term stressors, so producers must weigh the long-term welfare, health and management benefits to the animals.

Using the knowledge obtained from scientific study, some producers have adopted and adapted techniques and husbandry skills to protect the welfare of their animals. They feel a personal and moral responsibility to take care of their animals and ensure that the animals are safe, but they also must earn a profit from their business. They consider anything short of providing the best, humane care possible as being self-defeating.

Truffle hunting

Main article: Truffle hog

Domestic pigs are used in France and other countries to search for truffles. Truffles are an expensive edible fungus used in food preparations and the pigs can smell them underground. It is thought that this is because the truffle smells similar to the pheromones of the animal.

Pets

Pigs are known to be intelligent animals and can be trained similarly to dogs, though they may excel in different tasks. Asian pot-bellied pigs, a small type of domestic pig, have made popular house pets in the United States beginning in the latter half of the 20th century. Regular domestic farmyard pigs have also been known to be kept indoors, but due to their large size and destructive tendencies, they typically need to be moved into an outdoor pen as they grow older. Most pigs have a fear of being picked up, but will usually calm down once placed back on the floor. Pigs are rarely used as working animals. An exception is the use of truffle pigs – ordinary pigs trained to find truffles.

Miniature pigs, also called micro or teacup pigs, which are specifically bred to be small (from 29-65 lbs) gained in popularity in Fall of 2009 after several mainstream press articles claimed they were a popular pet to celebrities such as Rupert Grint of Harry Potter fame.

Breeds of pigs

File:2004pig.PNG
Pig headcount in 2004
Main article: List of domestic pig breeds

Pigs are exhibited at agricultural shows, judged either as stud stock compared to the standard features of each breed, or in commercial classes where the animals are judged primarily on their suitability for slaughter to provide premium meat.

According to the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy , seven breeds of swine in the U.S. are critically rare (having a global population of fewer than 2000). Outside the U.S., the Auckland Island Pig (New Zealand) and woolly-coated grazing pig (Danube area) are known to be critically rare.

Pig farming terminology

Types of animal

Global pig stock
in 2007
Number in millions
1.  People's Republic of China425.6 (46.35%)
2.  United States61.7 (6.72%)
3.  Brazil35.9 (3.91%)
4.  Germany27.1 (2.95%)
5.  Vietnam26.6 (2.9%)
6.  Spain26.1 (2.84%)
7.  Poland18.1 (1.97%)
8.  Russia15.9 (1.73%)
9.  Mexico15.5 (1.69%)
10.  Canada14.9 (1.62%)
World total918.3
Source: UN Food and Agriculture Organization
  • Pig hog or swine, the species as a whole, or any member of it. The singular of "swine" is the same as the plural.
  • Shoat, piglet or (where the species is called "hog") pig, unweaned young pig, or any immature pig.
  • Sucker, a pig between birth and weaning.
  • Runt, an unusually small and weak piglet, often one in a litter.
  • Boar or hog, male pig of breeding age.
  • Barrow, male pig castrated before puberty.
  • Stag, male pig castrated later in life, (that is, an older boar after castration).
  • Gilt, young female not yet mated, or not yet farrowed, or after only one litter (depending on local usage).
  • Sow, breeding female, or female after first or second litter.

Pigs for slaughter

See also Animal slaughter

  • suckling pig, a piglet slaughtered for meat.
  • Feeder pig, a weaned gilt or barrow weighing between 18 kg (40 lb) and 37 kg (82 lb) at 6 to 8 weeks of age that is sold to be finished for slaughter.
  • Porker, market pig between 30 kg (66 lb) and about 54 kg (119 lb) dressed weight.
  • Baconer, a market pig between 65 kg (143 lb) and 80 kg (180 lb) dressed weight. The maximum weight can vary between processors.
  • Grower, a pig between weaning and sale or transfer to the breeding herd, sold for slaughter or killed for rations.
  • Finisher, a grower pig over 70 kg (150 lb) liveweight.
  • Butcher hog, a pig of approximately 100 kg (220 lb), ready for the market.
  • Backfatter, cull breeding pig sold for meat; usually refers specifically to a cull sow, but is sometimes used in reference to boars.

Groups

  • Herd, a group of pigs, or all the pigs on a farm or in a region.
  • Sounder, a small group of pigs (or wild boar) foraging in woodland.

Pig parts

Pork packing in 1873
  • Trotters, the feet of pigs (they have four hoofed toes, walking mainly on the larger central two).

Biology

  • In pig, pregnant.
  • Farrowing, giving birth.
  • Hogging, a sow when on heat (during oestrus).

Housing

  • Sty, a small pig-house, usually with an outdoor run or a pig confine meant.
  • Pig-shed, a larger pig-house.
  • Ark, a low field-shelter for pigs (or other animals such as rabbits or chickens).
  • Curtain-barn, a long, open building with curtains on the long sides of the barn. This increases ventilation on hot, humid summer days.

See also

Notes

  1. http://www.malverngazette.co.uk/mostpopular.var.1476623.mostviewed.royal_visit_delights_at_the_three_counties_show.php Royal visit delights at the Three Counties Show.
  2. Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  3. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CEED6103CF93AA15751C1A964958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all Alien Species Threaten Hawaii's Environment.
  4. http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-Bio27Tuat02-t1-body-d1.html Introduced Birds and Mammals in New Zealand and Their Effect on the Environment.
  5. *Sarah M. Nelson Ancestors for the Pigs. Pigs in prehistory. (1998)
  6. Rosenberg M, Nesbitt R, Redding RW, Peasnall BL (1998). Hallan Cemi, pig husbandry, and post-Pleistocene adaptations along the Taurus-Zagros Arc (Turkey). Paleorient, 24(1):25–41.
  7. Vigne JD, Zazzo A, Saliège JF, Poplin F, Guilaine J, Simmons A. (2009). Pre-Neolithic wild boar management and introduction to Cyprus more than 11,400 years ago. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106:16135–16138. PMID 19706455 doi:10.1073/pnas.0905015106
  8. ^ Giuffra E, Kijas JM, Amarger V, Carlborg O, Jeon JT, Andersson L. (200). The origin of the domestic pig: independent domestication and subsequent introgression. Genetics. 154(4):1785-91. PMID 10747069
  9. BBC News, "Pig DNA reveals farming history" 4 September 2007. The report concerns an article in the journal PNAS
  10. Larson G, Albarella U, Dobney K, Rowley-Conwy P, Schibler J, Tresset A, Vigne JD, Edwards CJ, Schlumbaum A, Dinu A, Balaçsescu A, Dolman G, Tagliacozzo A, Manaseryan N, Miracle P, Van Wijngaarden-Bakker L, Masseti M, Bradley DG, Cooper A. (2007). Ancient DNA, pig domestication, and the spread of the Neolithic into Europe. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 104(39):15276-81. PMID 17855556
  11. http://www.flossybrush.ca/oral.html Oral Care.
  12. http://www.cambridge.org/us/books/kiple/hogs.htm II.G.13. - Hogs.
  13. http://www.nytimes.com/1982/03/24/garden/truffles-why-pigs-can-sniff-them-out.html
  14. http://www.rps.psu.edu/probing/pigs.html Are pigs smarter than dogs?
  15. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1218472/The-700-teacup-sized-pigs-latest-celebrity-pet.html popular pet to celebrities
  16. American Livestock Breeds Conservancy. Retrieved 18 April 2008.
  17. Swine Study Guide from UC Davis

References

External links

Categories: