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MMS is not approved for the treatment of any disease and chronic exposure to small doses of chlorine dioxide could cause reproductive and neurodevelopmental damage, according to the EPA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0648.htm |title=Chlorite (sodium salt) (CASRN 7758-19-2) &#124; IRIS &#124; US EPA |publisher=Epa.gov |date= |accessdate=2010-04-07}}</ref> A short term study found no effects in hematological or urine chemistry or in physical symptoms in human volunteers over a period of 84 days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/NCEA/iris/subst/0496.htm |title=Chlorine dioxide (CASRN 10049-04-4) &#124; IRIS &#124; US EPA |publisher=Epa.gov |date= |accessdate=2010-04-07}}</ref> While studies of chlorine dioxide effects in humans are rare, studies on animal subjects are more common; chlorine dioxide has been shown to impair thyroid function and reduce T4 cell count in monkeys after 6 months.<ref>{{cite web|author=USA |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1569048/ |title=Subchronic toxicity of chlorine dioxide and related compounds in drinking water in the nonhuman primate |publisher=Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |date=2010-02-25 |accessdate=2010-04-07}}</ref> Another study in rats resulted in reduced red blood cells count when exposed to 100&nbsp;mg/L of Chlorine Dioxide concentration in their drinking water, after 3 months.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a784744406&db=all |title=Toxicity of Chlorine Dioxide in Drinking Water - International Journal of Toxicology |publisher=Informaworld.com |date= |accessdate=2010-04-07}}</ref> The United States Department of Labour restricts occupational exposure through inhalation of chlorine dioxide to 0.1ppm since concentrations at 10ppm resulted in deaths in rats, after 10 days while a case where a worker was accidentally exposed to 19ppm resulted in death.<ref name=osha>{{cite web|url=http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/healthguidelines/chlorinedioxide/recognition.html |title=Chlorine Dioxide |publisher=Osha.gov |date= |accessdate=2010-04-07}}</ref> According to the same organisation "chlorine dioxide is a severe respiratory and eye irritant in humans".<ref name=osha/> MMS is not approved for the treatment of any disease and chronic exposure to small doses of chlorine dioxide could cause reproductive and neurodevelopmental damage, according to the EPA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0648.htm |title=Chlorite (sodium salt) (CASRN 7758-19-2) &#124; IRIS &#124; US EPA |publisher=Epa.gov |date= |accessdate=2010-04-07}}</ref> A short term study found no effects in hematological or urine chemistry or in physical symptoms in human volunteers over a period of 84 days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.epa.gov/NCEA/iris/subst/0496.htm |title=Chlorine dioxide (CASRN 10049-04-4) &#124; IRIS &#124; US EPA |publisher=Epa.gov |date= |accessdate=2010-04-07}}</ref> While studies of chlorine dioxide effects in humans are rare, studies on animal subjects are more common; chlorine dioxide has been shown to impair thyroid function and reduce T4 cell count in monkeys after 6 months.<ref>{{cite web|author=USA |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1569048/ |title=Subchronic toxicity of chlorine dioxide and related compounds in drinking water in the nonhuman primate |publisher=Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |date=2010-02-25 |accessdate=2010-04-07}}</ref> Another study in rats resulted in reduced red blood cells count when exposed to 100&nbsp;mg/L of Chlorine Dioxide concentration in their drinking water, after 3 months.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a784744406&db=all |title=Toxicity of Chlorine Dioxide in Drinking Water - International Journal of Toxicology |publisher=Informaworld.com |date= |accessdate=2010-04-07}}</ref> The United States Department of Labour restricts occupational exposure through inhalation of chlorine dioxide to 0.1ppm since concentrations at 10ppm resulted in deaths in rats, after 10 days while a case where a worker was accidentally exposed to 19ppm resulted in death.<ref name=osha>{{cite web|url=http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/healthguidelines/chlorinedioxide/recognition.html |title=Chlorine Dioxide |publisher=Osha.gov |date= |accessdate=2010-04-07}}</ref> According to the same organisation "chlorine dioxide is a severe respiratory and eye irritant in humans".<ref name=osha/>


A notice was released in July 2010 by the ] warning that the instructions for preparing the solution would produce ], "a potent bleach used for stripping textiles and industrial water treatment." Because of reports including nausea, vomiting, and dangerously ] as a result of dehydration following instructed use, the FDA has advised consumers to dispose of the product immediately.<ref name="fda.gov"/>. There have been no reported cases of death from personal use of Chlorine Dioxide or "MMS". A notice was released in July 2010 by the ] warning that the instructions for preparing the solution would produce ], "a potent bleach used for stripping textiles and industrial water treatment." Because of reports including nausea, vomiting, and dangerously ] as a result of dehydration following instructed use, the FDA has advised consumers to dispose of the product immediately.<ref name="fda.gov"/>. There have been no reported cases of death from recreational use of Chlorine Dioxide or "MMS".


In the UK, the ] also released a warning, following the warnings from ] and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, In the UK, the ] also released a warning, following the warnings from ] and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration,
in it they stated that "MMS is a 28% sodium chlorite solution which is equivalent to industrial-strength bleach. When taken as directed it could cause severe ], vomiting and ], potentially leading to ] and ]. If the solution is diluted less than instructed, it could cause damage to the gut and red blood cells, potentially resulting in ]."<ref>{{cite web|auhtor=Food Standards Agency |url=http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2010/sep/mms |title= Warning against consumption of Miracle Mineral Solution}}</ref><ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-11404218</ref>. There have been no reported cases of respiratory failure from personal use of Chlorine Dioxide or "MMS". in it they stated that "MMS is a 28% sodium chlorite solution which is equivalent to industrial-strength bleach. When taken as directed it could cause severe ], vomiting and ], potentially leading to ] and ]. If the solution is diluted less than instructed, it could cause damage to the gut and red blood cells, potentially resulting in ]."<ref>{{cite web|auhtor=Food Standards Agency |url=http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2010/sep/mms |title= Warning against consumption of Miracle Mineral Solution}}</ref><ref>http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-11404218</ref>. There have been no reported cases of respiratory failure from recreational use of Chlorine Dioxide or "MMS".


==References== ==References==

Revision as of 22:18, 28 September 2010

Miracle Mineral Supplement, often referred to as Miracle Mineral Solution or MMS, is the colloquial product name for an aqueous solution of 28% sodium chlorite (a toxic chemical known to cause fatal renal failure) in distilled water. When prepared with apple juice as sometimes recommended, the mixture produces a powerful bleach. The name was first coined by author, Jim Humble, in his 2006 self-published book, The Miracle Mineral Solution of the 21st Century. Jim Humble's career was in the gold mining industry and he freely admits that he has had no formal training in any medical field.

Efficacy

The substance is being promoted as a remedy against HIV, malaria, hepatitis viruses, the H1N1 flu virus, common colds, acne, against cancer, and much more. However there exists no reliable scientific evidence demonstrating the efficacy or safety of MMS; instead, most health benefit claims come from anecdotal reports and Jim Humble's book. Stephen Barrett M.D. an expert in health fraud, advises to "Be skeptical of any product claimed to be effective against a wide range of unrelated diseases—particularly diseases that are serious. There is no such thing as a panacea or "cure-all." "

Safety

MMS is not approved for the treatment of any disease and chronic exposure to small doses of chlorine dioxide could cause reproductive and neurodevelopmental damage, according to the EPA. A short term study found no effects in hematological or urine chemistry or in physical symptoms in human volunteers over a period of 84 days. While studies of chlorine dioxide effects in humans are rare, studies on animal subjects are more common; chlorine dioxide has been shown to impair thyroid function and reduce T4 cell count in monkeys after 6 months. Another study in rats resulted in reduced red blood cells count when exposed to 100 mg/L of Chlorine Dioxide concentration in their drinking water, after 3 months. The United States Department of Labour restricts occupational exposure through inhalation of chlorine dioxide to 0.1ppm since concentrations at 10ppm resulted in deaths in rats, after 10 days while a case where a worker was accidentally exposed to 19ppm resulted in death. According to the same organisation "chlorine dioxide is a severe respiratory and eye irritant in humans".

A notice was released in July 2010 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration warning that the instructions for preparing the solution would produce chlorine dioxide, "a potent bleach used for stripping textiles and industrial water treatment." Because of reports including nausea, vomiting, and dangerously low blood pressure as a result of dehydration following instructed use, the FDA has advised consumers to dispose of the product immediately.. There have been no reported cases of death from recreational use of Chlorine Dioxide or "MMS".

In the UK, the Food Standards Agency also released a warning, following the warnings from Health Canada and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, in it they stated that "MMS is a 28% sodium chlorite solution which is equivalent to industrial-strength bleach. When taken as directed it could cause severe nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, potentially leading to dehydration and reduced blood pressure. If the solution is diluted less than instructed, it could cause damage to the gut and red blood cells, potentially resulting in respiratory failure.". There have been no reported cases of respiratory failure from recreational use of Chlorine Dioxide or "MMS".

References

  1. Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, McGraw-Hill Professional; 8th edition (March 28, 2006), ISBN 978-0071437639
  2. http://www.poisoncentre.be/article.php?id_article=39
  3. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. Robert E. Gosselin, Roger P. Smith, Harold C. Hodge, Jeannet Braddock. Uitgever: Williams & Wilkins; 5 edition (September 1984) ISBN 978-0683036329
  4. Sodium Chlorite - Summary Report of the Europena Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products - Veterinary Medicines Evaluation Unit
  5. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ahc-asc/media/advisories-avis/_2010/2010_74-eng.php
  6. Acute sodium chlorite poisoning associated with renal failure. Lin JL, Lim PS. Ren Fail. 1993;15(5):645-8. PMID: 8290712
  7. ^ "FDA Warns Consumers of Serious Harm from Drinking Miracle Mineral Solution (MMS)". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
  8. "Miracle Mineral". Miracle Mineral. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
  9. F.D.A. Warning letter
  10. Calligeros, Marissa (24 April 2009). "Backyard cancer 'healer' deceived patients". The Brisbine Times. Retrieved 28 December 2009.
  11. Barrett, Stephen (2 April 1997.). "Ten Ways to Avoid Being Quacked". {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. "Chlorite (sodium salt) (CASRN 7758-19-2) | IRIS | US EPA". Epa.gov. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
  13. "Chlorine dioxide (CASRN 10049-04-4) | IRIS | US EPA". Epa.gov. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
  14. USA (2010-02-25). "Subchronic toxicity of chlorine dioxide and related compounds in drinking water in the nonhuman primate". Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
  15. "Toxicity of Chlorine Dioxide in Drinking Water - International Journal of Toxicology". Informaworld.com. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
  16. ^ "Chlorine Dioxide". Osha.gov. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
  17. "Warning against consumption of Miracle Mineral Solution". {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |auhtor= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  18. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-11404218

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