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===Animation History=== ===Animation History===


The history of ''film animation'' begins with the earliest days of ] and continues through the present day.
Animated films with synchronized sound tracks began to be produced in the USA in the mid 1920s.


Because the history of animation as an art form has undergone many changes in its hundred-year history, Misplaced Pages presents three separate chapters in the development of animation:
*''Humourous Phases of Funny Faces'' (]) by J. Stuart Blackton, the earliest surviving American animation
*'']'' (]) by ]
*''Fantasmagorie'' (]) by Emile Cohl
*''The Cameraman's Revenge'' (]) by Ladislas Starevitch
*'']'' (]) by ]
*'']'' (]) by Otto Messmer


==== ] ==== ====]====


*The beginnings of theatrical animated cartoons in the era of ], ranging from the works of ] through '']'' and '']''
Animated shorts (generally under 10 minutes in length) were first shown in movie theaters. During the Great Depression of the 1930s in America, the extreme popularity of the cinema led to a corresponding rise in popularity of animated shorts. This was the Golden Age of animation, when some of the most famous characters, such as Disney's Mickey Mouse and Warner Bros' Bugs Bunny, became popularized.
*The dominance of ] throughout the ]
*The rise of ] and ]
*The departure from realism, and ]


⚫ ====]====
In 1937, Walt Disney produced '']'', the first feature-length animated movie.


*The emergence of TV ] from ]
After the US's entry into World War II, most of the resources used to create animated shorts were redirected towards producing war-related material and propaganda. The recent invention of television and its growing popularity also led to a decline in moviegoing, and together these events mark the end of the Golden Age.
*The decline of theatrical cartoons and feature films
*]s
*The attempts at reviving animated features through the ] and ]
*The onslaught of commercial cartoons in the ]


⚫ ====]====
*'']'' (]), ]
*''Flowers and Trees'' (]), ]
*'']'' (]), ]
*''The Old Mill'' (]), ] (development of the multiplane camera)
*''],'' ]
*''Gold Diggers of 1935,'' ]
*''Porky's Duck Hunt'' (]), ]
*''A Wild Hare'' (]), ]
*''Puss Gets The Boot'' (]), (Will Hanna and Joe Barbera)


*'']'' and the return of Disney
(and many, many more)
*]'s collaborations with ]
*A flood of newer, bolder animation studios
*'']'', ''],'' and animation for adults
*The mainstream popularization of ]
*The rise of ]
*The decline of ]s, the rise of ] and ]


⚫ ===Famous Names in Animation===


⚫ ==== ] ====

The Flintstones, Hanna-Barbera, low cost production methods

==== Commercialization and counterculture, 70s-80s====

Heavy Metal, The Smurfs, California Institute of the Arts

⚫ ==== ] ====

'']'', '']'' (return of animation to prime time television), '']'', '']'' (first animated TV series to invest a lot of money and make it back through ] and repeats, thus affording high-quality animation for TV)

⚫ ==== Digital Animation ====

Beauty and the Beast, Pixar, Toy Story

Famous names in animation include:
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
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* ] * ]


'''Animation Studios''' ===Animation Studios===


* ] * ]
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* ] * ]
* ] * ]

===Styles of Animation===

*]
*]
*]


See also: ], ] See also: ], ]

Revision as of 12:32, 29 October 2002

Animation refers to the process in which each frame of a film or movie is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process.

Limited animation is a way of increasing production and decreasing costs of animation by using "short cuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA, then adapted by other studios cartoons moved from movies into television.

Animation History

The history of film animation begins with the earliest days of silent film and continues through the present day.

Because the history of animation as an art form has undergone many changes in its hundred-year history, Misplaced Pages presents three separate chapters in the development of animation:

Animation History Part 1: The Golden Age

Animation History Part 2: The TV Era

Animation History Part 3: The Renaissance

Famous Names in Animation

Animation Studios

Styles of Animation

See also: Animated series, Anime


External links