| Revision as of 09:30, 12 December 2010 editLuckas-bot (talk | contribs)929,662 editsm r2.5.2) (robot Adding: ca:Riu Indigirka← Previous edit | Revision as of 19:50, 7 January 2011 edit undoRich Farmbrough (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, File movers, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers, Template editors1,725,419 editsm Tag Empty section or minor fixes using AWBNext edit → | ||
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| {{for|the Gulag ship|SS Indigirka}} | {{for|the Gulag ship|SS Indigirka}} | ||
| {{Infobox |
{{Infobox river | ||
| |river_name = Indigirka River | |river_name = Indigirka River | ||
| |image_name = Indigirkarivermap.png | |image_name = Indigirkarivermap.png | ||
| |caption = |
|caption = | ||
| |origin = |
|origin = | ||
| |mouth = ] | |mouth = ] | ||
| |basin_countries = ] | |basin_countries = ] | ||
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| }} | }} | ||
| The '''Indigirka River''' ({{lang-ru|Индиги́рка}}) is a river in the ] in ] between the ] and the ]. It is {{convert|1726|km|mi}} in length. The area of its ] is 360,000 km². The river flows into the ], ]. ]: ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ]. It freezes up in October and stays under the ice until |
The '''Indigirka River''' ({{lang-ru|Индиги́рка}}) is a river in the ] in ] between the ] and the ]. It is {{convert|1726|km|mi}} in length. The area of its ] is 360,000 km². The river flows into the ], ]. ]: ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ]. It freezes up in October and stays under the ice until May–June. Main ports: ], ], ], ]. There is a ] industry in the Indigirka basin. ], a gold-mining center, is the largest settlement on the river. | ||
| The Indigirka River teems with a variety of fishes. Among the most valuable are several ] species, such as ], ], ], ] (''nelma''), ], etc. | The Indigirka River teems with a variety of fishes. Among the most valuable are several ] species, such as ], ], ], ] (''nelma''), ], etc. | ||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| In 1638 Ivan Rebrov reached the Indigirka.<ref name= Lantzeff>{{cite book |
In 1638 Ivan Rebrov reached the Indigirka.<ref name= Lantzeff>{{cite book | ||
| | last = Lantzeff | | last = Lantzeff | ||
| | first = George V., and Richard A. Pierce | | first = George V., and Richard A. Pierce | ||
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| == Shipping of the Indigirka == | == Shipping of the Indigirka == | ||
| {{ |
{{Empty section|the information on Indigirka's fleet. The information part can be found in article ]|date=November 2009}} | ||
| ==Mouths of the Indigirka== | ==Mouths of the Indigirka== | ||
| The Indigirka forms a large ], consisting of a number of streams (each one being labeled on Russian maps as a ''protoka'' (])) and islands. About 100 km before reaching the East Siberian Sea ({{coord|70.8126|N|148.9162|E}}), the river splits into two major northeast-flowing ]. The left (westernmost) arm is known as the ''Russko-Ustyinskaya Protoka''; the right arm, the ''Srednyaya Protoka'' (Russian for the "Middle Arm"). Further downstream, the third major arm, the ''Kolymskaya Protoka'' splits off the ''Srednyaya Protoka'' as its right (eastern) distributary, thus justifying the "middle" moniker for the Srednyaya Protoka.<ref name=bse> in the ]. {{ru icon}}</ref> |
The Indigirka forms a large ], consisting of a number of streams (each one being labeled on Russian maps as a ''protoka'' (])) and islands. About 100 km before reaching the East Siberian Sea ({{coord|70.8126|N|148.9162|E}}), the river splits into two major northeast-flowing ]. The left (westernmost) arm is known as the ''Russko-Ustyinskaya Protoka''; the right arm, the ''Srednyaya Protoka'' (Russian for the "Middle Arm"). Further downstream, the third major arm, the ''Kolymskaya Protoka'' splits off the ''Srednyaya Protoka'' as its right (eastern) distributary, thus justifying the "middle" moniker for the Srednyaya Protoka.<ref name=bse> in the ]. {{ru icon}}</ref> | ||
| While ''Srednyaya Protoka'' means the "Middle Arm", the names of the main western and eastern arms indicate their relative location as well. The ''Kolymskaya Protoka'', or ''Kolymskoye Ustye'' is the arm one located on the eastern side, i.e. the "Kolyma side" of the delta (the arm closest to the ], the eastern neighbor of the Indigirka). The ''Russko-Ustyinskaya Protoka'', apparently known earlier as simply ''Russkoye Ustye'' <ref> in ]</ref> is the arm one located on the western side, i.e. the "Russian side" of the delta (meaning, the side closest to the (European) Russia). These days the name of the ''Russko-Ustyinskaya Protoka'' appears as if it were formed from the name of the old Russian village ] situated there, but originally the opposite is likely to have been the case, the village being named after the river arm (the ''Russkoye Ustye'') on which it was located. | While ''Srednyaya Protoka'' means the "Middle Arm", the names of the main western and eastern arms indicate their relative location as well. The ''Kolymskaya Protoka'', or ''Kolymskoye Ustye'' is the arm one located on the eastern side, i.e. the "Kolyma side" of the delta (the arm closest to the ], the eastern neighbor of the Indigirka). The ''Russko-Ustyinskaya Protoka'', apparently known earlier as simply ''Russkoye Ustye'' <ref> in ]</ref> is the arm one located on the western side, i.e. the "Russian side" of the delta (meaning, the side closest to the (European) Russia). These days the name of the ''Russko-Ustyinskaya Protoka'' appears as if it were formed from the name of the old Russian village ] situated there, but originally the opposite is likely to have been the case, the village being named after the river arm (the ''Russkoye Ustye'') on which it was located. | ||
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| * '''Usun-Ary''' {{coord|71.387|N|151.255|E}} lies longitudinally along the coast east of the Srednyaya mouth. It is 12 km long and 2.7 km wide. | * '''Usun-Ary''' {{coord|71.387|N|151.255|E}} lies longitudinally along the coast east of the Srednyaya mouth. It is 12 km long and 2.7 km wide. | ||
| * '''Uparovskiy Island''' {{coord|71.582|N|151.196|E}} lies completely detached 11 km offshore from the Srednyaya mouth. It is about 2 km long and 1 km wide. | * '''Uparovskiy Island''' {{coord|71.582|N|151.196|E}} lies completely detached 11 km offshore from the Srednyaya mouth. It is about 2 km long and 1 km wide. | ||
| * '''Ploskiy Island''' {{coord|71.480|N|150.890|E}} is the farthest offshore of a cluster of islands at the Srednyaya mouth. It is C-shaped and about 3 km long. |
* '''Ploskiy Island''' {{coord|71.480|N|150.890|E}} is the farthest offshore of a cluster of islands at the Srednyaya mouth. It is C-shaped and about 3 km long. | ||
| * '''Bolshoy Fedorovskiy''' {{coord|71.533|N|150.510|E}} lies between the two mouths of the Indigirka. It is 6 km long and has a maximum width of 4 km. | * '''Bolshoy Fedorovskiy''' {{coord|71.533|N|150.510|E}} lies between the two mouths of the Indigirka. It is 6 km long and has a maximum width of 4 km. | ||
| * '''Vkodnoy''' and '''Oleniy''' islands lie right at the Prot. Russko Ust'inskaya mouth {{coord|71.546|N|150.266|E}}. Both are of similar size, about 4 km in length. | * '''Vkodnoy''' and '''Oleniy''' islands lie right at the Prot. Russko Ust'inskaya mouth {{coord|71.546|N|150.266|E}}. Both are of similar size, about 4 km in length. | ||
Revision as of 19:50, 7 January 2011
For the Gulag ship, see SS Indigirka. River| Indigirka | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth | East Siberian Sea |
| Length | 1,726 km |
The Indigirka River (Template:Lang-ru) is a river in the Sakha Republic in Russia between the Yana River and the Kolyma River. It is 1,726 kilometres (1,072 mi) in length. The area of its basin is 360,000 km². The river flows into the Kolyma Bay, East Siberian Sea. Tributaries: Kuydusun, Kyuente, Elgi, Nera, Moma, Badyarikha, Seleniyakh, Uyandina. It freezes up in October and stays under the ice until May–June. Main ports: Khonuu, Druzhina, Chokurdakh, Tabor. There is a gold prospecting industry in the Indigirka basin. Ust-Nera, a gold-mining center, is the largest settlement on the river.
The Indigirka River teems with a variety of fishes. Among the most valuable are several whitefish species, such as vendace, chir, muksun, inconnu (nelma), omul, etc.
History
In 1638 Ivan Rebrov reached the Indigirka. In 1636-42 Elisei Buza pioneered the overland route to the Indigirka river system. At about the same time, Poznik Ivanov ascended a tributary of the lower Lena, crossed the Verkhoyansk Range to the upper Yana and then crossed the Chersky Range to the Indigirka. In 1642 Mikhail Stadukhin reached the Indigirka overland from the Lena.
Zashiversk on the Indigirka was an important colonial outpost during the early days of Russian colonization. It was subsequently abandoned in the 19th century. Other historical settlements, now long abandoned, were Podshiversk and Uyandinskoye Zimov'ye.
In 1892-1894 Baron Eduard Von Toll carried out geological surveys in the basin of the Indigirka (among other Far-eastern Siberian rivers) on behalf of the Russian Academy of Sciences. During one year and two days the expedition covered 25,000 km, of which 4,200 km were up rivers, carrying out geodesic surveys en route.
The isolated village of Russkoye Ustye, near the mouths of the Indigirka, is known for the unique traditional culture of the Russian settlers whose ancestors came there several centuries ago.
Shipping of the Indigirka
 | This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (November 2009) |
Mouths of the Indigirka
The Indigirka forms a large delta, consisting of a number of streams (each one being labeled on Russian maps as a protoka (river arm)) and islands. About 100 km before reaching the East Siberian Sea (70°48′45″N 148°54′58″E / 70.8126°N 148.9162°E / 70.8126; 148.9162), the river splits into two major northeast-flowing streams. The left (westernmost) arm is known as the Russko-Ustyinskaya Protoka; the right arm, the Srednyaya Protoka (Russian for the "Middle Arm"). Further downstream, the third major arm, the Kolymskaya Protoka splits off the Srednyaya Protoka as its right (eastern) distributary, thus justifying the "middle" moniker for the Srednyaya Protoka.
While Srednyaya Protoka means the "Middle Arm", the names of the main western and eastern arms indicate their relative location as well. The Kolymskaya Protoka, or Kolymskoye Ustye is the arm one located on the eastern side, i.e. the "Kolyma side" of the delta (the arm closest to the Kolyma, the eastern neighbor of the Indigirka). The Russko-Ustyinskaya Protoka, apparently known earlier as simply Russkoye Ustye is the arm one located on the western side, i.e. the "Russian side" of the delta (meaning, the side closest to the (European) Russia). These days the name of the Russko-Ustyinskaya Protoka appears as if it were formed from the name of the old Russian village Russkoye Ustye situated there, but originally the opposite is likely to have been the case, the village being named after the river arm (the Russkoye Ustye) on which it was located.
Several flat islands are formed by the channels of the delta. Listed from the east to the west, the major ones are:
- Usun-Ary 71°23′13″N 151°15′18″E / 71.387°N 151.255°E / 71.387; 151.255 lies longitudinally along the coast east of the Srednyaya mouth. It is 12 km long and 2.7 km wide.
- Uparovskiy Island 71°34′55″N 151°11′46″E / 71.582°N 151.196°E / 71.582; 151.196 lies completely detached 11 km offshore from the Srednyaya mouth. It is about 2 km long and 1 km wide.
- Ploskiy Island 71°28′48″N 150°53′24″E / 71.480°N 150.890°E / 71.480; 150.890 is the farthest offshore of a cluster of islands at the Srednyaya mouth. It is C-shaped and about 3 km long.
- Bolshoy Fedorovskiy 71°31′59″N 150°30′36″E / 71.533°N 150.510°E / 71.533; 150.510 lies between the two mouths of the Indigirka. It is 6 km long and has a maximum width of 4 km.
- Vkodnoy and Oleniy islands lie right at the Prot. Russko Ust'inskaya mouth 71°32′46″N 150°15′58″E / 71.546°N 150.266°E / 71.546; 150.266. Both are of similar size, about 4 km in length.
- Krestovyy Island 71°26′49″N 149°45′58″E / 71.447°N 149.766°E / 71.447; 149.766 lies quiet isolated directly to the south of the Lopatka Peninsula, 10 km offshore to the NW of the main Indigirka mouths. It is 6 km long and 1.6 km wide.
References
- ^ Lantzeff, George V., and Richard A. Pierce (1973). Eastward to Empire: Exploration and Conquest on the Russian Open Frontier, to 1750. Montreal: McGill-Queen's U.P.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Indigirka in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Template:Ru icon
- Indigirka in Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary
- Indigirka at GEOnet Names Server
- Location of islands
- William Barr, Baron Eduard Von Toll's Last Expedition. Arctic, Sept 1980.
70°48′N 148°54′E / 70.800°N 148.900°E / 70.800; 148.900
| River tankers of Russia by river | |
|---|---|
| Lena River | |
| Baikal Lake | |
| Indigirka River | |