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| "Naked shorting" refers to "]" a stock for sale without first borrowing it. . When one sells short a non-borrowed stock, one is selling something that they do not possess. The risk, that one may not be able to then acquire the shares needed to deliver on the sale, is a contributing factor to the controversy surrounding this practice. | "Naked shorting" refers to "]" a stock for sale without first borrowing it. . When one sells short a non-borrowed stock, one is selling something that they do not possess. The risk, that one may not be able to then acquire the shares needed to deliver on the sale, is a contributing factor to the controversy surrounding this practice. | ||
| == Its Effects == | |||
| == Does Naked Shorting Drive Stock Prices Down? == | |||
| The Securities and Exchange Commission addresses that issue this way: | |||
| '''The SEC explains, ''' : | |||
| "There are many reasons why a stock may decline in value. The value of a stock is determined by the basic relationship between supply and demand. If many people want a stock (demand is high), then the price will rise. If a few people want a stock (demand is low), then the price will fall. The main factor determining the demand for a stock is the quality of the company itself. If the company is fundamentally strong, that is, if it is generating positive income, its stock is less likely to lose value. | |||
| ⚫ | "Naked short selling, however, can have negative effects on the market. Fraudsters may use naked short selling as a tool to manipulate the market. Market manipulation is illegal. The SEC has toughened its rules and is vigilant about taking actions against wrongdoers. Fails to deliver that persist for an extended period of time may result in a significantly large unfulfilled delivery obligation at the clearing agency where trades are settled" | ||
| Critics outside the SEC say that abusive naked short selling in order to manipulate the markets is widespread, citing the data from the SEC regarding number of shares that fail to be delivered, as an indicator and . | |||
| "Speculative stocks, such as microcap stocks, often have a high probability of declining in value and a low probability of experiencing above average gains. For example, investors should take extra care to thoroughly research any company quoted exclusively in the Pink Sheets. With the exception of a few foreign issuers, the companies quoted in the Pink Sheets tend to be closely held, extremely small or thinly traded. Most do not meet the minimum listing requirements for trading on a national securities exchange, such as the New York Stock Exchange or the Nasdaq Stock Market. Many of these companies do not file periodic reports or audited financial statements with the SEC, making it very difficult for investors to find reliable, unbiased information about those companies. | |||
| ⚫ | These claims are vigorously denied by regulators and by the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (DTCC). Regulators point out that the vast majority of FTDs are unrelated to abusive naked short-selling, and that shareholders are not disadvantaged when a fail occurs. | ||
| "There also may be instances where a company insider or paid promoter provides false and misleading excuses for why a company's stock price has recently decreased. For instance, these individuals may claim that the price decrease is a temporary condition resulting from the activities of naked short sellers. The insiders or promoters may hope to use this misinformation to move the price back up so they can dump their own stock at higher prices. Often, the price decrease is a result of the company's poor financial situation rather than the reasons provided by the insiders or promoters. | |||
| ⚫ | "Naked short selling, however, can have negative effects on the market. Fraudsters may use naked short selling as a tool to manipulate the market. Market manipulation is illegal. The SEC has toughened its rules and is vigilant about taking actions against wrongdoers. Fails to deliver that persist for an extended period of time may result in a significantly large unfulfilled delivery obligation at the clearing agency where trades are settled |
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| ⚫ | |||
| Many contend that naked short-selling has been advanced by owners of small public companies as an excuse to divert attention of price declines caused by corporate shortcomings and regulatory problems. | Many contend that naked short-selling has been advanced by owners of small public companies as an excuse to divert attention of price declines caused by corporate shortcomings and regulatory problems. | ||
| In it's legal brief describing the legality of naked short selling and in their description of it's new short selling rules, called REG SHO, the SEC explains that "Securities Entitlements" are created as a legal substitute for shares, when customers fail to receive their shares and that customers are not harmed by naked short selling. and . The critics of the SEC on the other hand, say that these "Securities Entitlements" are not legal, and rather represent counterfeit shares. | |||
| In a recent legal brief intervening in a suit against the DTCC, the SEC explained that "fails to deliver" did not hurt investors, saying that under the "Uniform Commercial Code, a securities broker-dealer may credit a customer’s account with a security even though that security has not yet been delivered to the broker-dealer’s account by NSCC. In that event, the customer receives what is defined under the Uniform Commercial Code as a 'securities entitlement,' which requires the broker-dealer to treat the person for whom the account is maintained as entitled to exercise the rights that comprise the security." and . | |||
| == Controversy == | == Controversy == | ||
Revision as of 23:44, 22 February 2006
Naked short selling, or naked shorting, is a controversial form of selling shares of securities short. Some forms of naked short-selling are legal and some are not. The controversy has surrounded naked short-selling aimed at profiting from share price declines. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has issued a regulation seeking to curb naked shorting abuses.
The Practice
Short selling is the practice of borrowing stock, then selling it in hopes that the price will go down and it can be bought back at a lower price, generating profit and allowing one to return like shares for the borrowed ones.
"Naked shorting" refers to "shorting" a stock for sale without first borrowing it. . When one sells short a non-borrowed stock, one is selling something that they do not possess. The risk, that one may not be able to then acquire the shares needed to deliver on the sale, is a contributing factor to the controversy surrounding this practice.
Its Effects
The SEC explains, : "Naked short selling, however, can have negative effects on the market. Fraudsters may use naked short selling as a tool to manipulate the market. Market manipulation is illegal. The SEC has toughened its rules and is vigilant about taking actions against wrongdoers. Fails to deliver that persist for an extended period of time may result in a significantly large unfulfilled delivery obligation at the clearing agency where trades are settled"
Critics outside the SEC say that abusive naked short selling in order to manipulate the markets is widespread, citing the data from the SEC regarding number of shares that fail to be delivered, as an indicator and .
These claims are vigorously denied by regulators and by the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation (DTCC). Regulators point out that the vast majority of FTDs are unrelated to abusive naked short-selling, and that shareholders are not disadvantaged when a fail occurs.
Many contend that naked short-selling has been advanced by owners of small public companies as an excuse to divert attention of price declines caused by corporate shortcomings and regulatory problems.
In it's legal brief describing the legality of naked short selling and in their description of it's new short selling rules, called REG SHO, the SEC explains that "Securities Entitlements" are created as a legal substitute for shares, when customers fail to receive their shares and that customers are not harmed by naked short selling. and . The critics of the SEC on the other hand, say that these "Securities Entitlements" are not legal, and rather represent counterfeit shares.
Controversy
Some investors defend the practice as just another tool of the market, and caution against federal regulation. Naked short-sellers claim that they are enacting market pressure against overpriced and undertraded small-cap stocks. In the bubble of the 1990s, they argue that regulations against short-selling would have caused an even greater boom and bust.
Critics contend that the naked shorting is fraud, and that it constitutes "taking a buyer's money and not delivering the product." However, the SEC denies that occurs, saying that a fail to deliver "does not mean that the customer's purchase is not completed."
In recent years, however, the SEC has acted against naked shorting in part due to pressure from a handful of small and microcap companies. This campaign has drawn criticism. Financial columnist Floyd Norris of the New York Times observed that "Investors who own shares might do better to try to understand why some think the shares are overvalued, rather than simply rail about unfair short selling."
Regulators Respond
The allegations of the anti-naked shorting movements are denied by Securities and Exchange Commission and the self-regulatory organizations(SROs) that regulate the U.S. markets.
In a forum sponsored by the North American Securities Adminatrations Association in November 2005, some regulators, including a high official of the National Assn. of Securities Dealers (NASD), denied that naked short-selling is a signficant problem.
Cameron Funkhouser, NASD's senior vice president of market regulations, told the forum that NASD had found no evidence of widespread naked short selling. He decried "this fear mongering that there's this rampant naked shorting that's gone unregulated."
Funkhouser also noted that although a number of companies have in the past alleged their shares have been manipulated through the listing of their stocks on the Berlin stock exchange, he had found no evidence of naked short selling there. "We took (these allegations) very seriously," Funkhouser said. "We have seen not one instance of naked short selling or any abusive short activity" at that exchange.
At the NASAA Forum, the head of the Connecticut Securities Agency and current head of the NASAA, Ralph Lambiase, delcared his disapointmen in how the industry was handling this issue as a whole.