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| ]] in the |
]] in the italian ], the hometown of Giacomo Micaglia]] | ||
| '''Jakov Mikalja'''<ref>Hrvatski leksikon 2 L - Ž, Naklada Leksikon d.o.o., Zagreb, 1997, ISBN 953-96728-0-5</ref> |
'''Jakov Mikalja'''<ref>Hrvatski leksikon 2 L - Ž, Naklada Leksikon d.o.o., Zagreb, 1997, ISBN 953-96728-0-5 </ref> in ], also '''Giacomo Micaglia'''<ref>Ivo Banac, '''' Vol. 6, P. 43, of Mladost, 1991, ISBN 9788676490035 {{hr icon}}</ref><ref>Edward L. Keenan, '''' Harvard University Press ISBN 9780916458966</ref><ref name="lezioni" /> <ref name="università" > {{it icon}} </ref><ref> from a croatian mAgazine, ], tried to provide an innovative version about his origins, to demonstrate his Croatian ancestry. {{hr icon}}</ref> in ], ({{lang-la|Jacobus Micalia}}), (March 31, 1601 - December 1, 1654) was a ] and ], born in ], in the Italian region of ], at that time under the ]. He stated he considers himself as an ] of Slavic tongue.<ref name="lezioni" /> <ref>Croatian Academy of America, '''', p. 286 Volumes 36-37, 1997 {{hr icon}} {{en icon}}</ref> | ||
| ==Life== | ==Life== | ||
| ⚫ | Micaglia was born in ] <ref>in ]: ''Pještica''</ref>, a small town on the ] peninsula that years before (about 970)<ref>''Cod. Dipl. Tremiti'', document n.47</ref> <ref>''«Ser Antonio de Stephano de Ragusio et Ser Marco de Johanne fanno costruire in società una nave de la portata de carra 250. Ditta costruzione debia avvenire in terra Peschice. La dispesa sarà di ducati 500»'' Cod. Dipl. Barl., 1570 vol. 10, n.28></ref> <ref>''“In Peschice de Gargano si costruisce una nave pro parte Johannis de Natali de Ragusio, Baroli commorantis”. Il calefatore è Marinus de Ragusio.''Cod. Dipl. Barl., 1570 vol. 10, n.380></ref> was a Croat settlement<ref name="lezioni">{{it icon}}</ref> <ref>{{hr icon}} ]: Hrvatski korijeni Peschichija, Nov 3, 1998 </ref> and that time entertained fruitful trade with ] and the towns on the ] coast.<ref>''«Ser Antonio de Stephano de Ragusio et Ser Marco de Johanne fanno costruire in società una nave de la portata de carra 250. Ditta costruzione debia avvenire in terra Peschice. La dispesa sarà di ducati 500»'' Cod. Dipl. Barl., 1570 vol. 10, n.28></ref> <ref>''“In Peschice de Gargano si costruisce una nave pro parte Johannis de Natali de Ragusio, Baroli commorantis”. Il calefatore è Marinus de Ragusio.''Cod. Dipl. Barl., 1570 vol. 10, n.380></ref><br/> | ||
| ⚫ | He was the great-uncle of ] (1676 – 1748), the ] born in ], few kilometers by Peschici.<ref>'''' G. Recuperati, 2005</ref><ref name="università"> {{it icon}} </ref> About it Giannone writes that ''«Scipio Giannone'' (his father)'' had married in Ischitella in 1677 Lucretia Micaglia, daughter of Matteo Micaglia from Peschici and Isabella Sabatello.»''<ref>{{it icon}} </ref> | ||
| ====The missions in the Republic of Ragusa and in the Banat==== | |||
| ⚫ | Micaglia was born in ] |
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| ⚫ | Because of his knowledge of the ], Micaglja was dispatched to the ] by the ]. It was the time of ] and the ] wished to restore its power in the ] as well. For four years (1630-1633) Mikalja taught grammar at the Jesuit College in ] (Dubrovnik). There he wrote ''"Latin grammar for Illyrian students"'' after ] (''De institutione grammatica pro Illyricis accommodata'', 1637). | ||
| ⚫ | He was the great-uncle of ], the ] born in ], few kilometers by Peschici.<ref name="università"/> About it Giannone writes that |
||
| ⚫ | Because of his knowledge of the ], |
||
| A few years later, in 1636, Mikalja sent a letter to the ], proposing a reform of the ] for the needs of the Croatian language. | A few years later, in 1636, Mikalja sent a letter to the ], proposing a reform of the ] for the needs of the Croatian language. | ||
| He discussed the same issue in the chapter ''"On ] ]"''{{ |
He discussed the same issue in the chapter ''"On ] ]"''{{Fact|date=July 2007}}<!-- original title of the chapter, please --> of his work in Croatian ''"God-Loving Thoughts on the ] Taken from the Books of St. ], the Angelic Doctor"'' (], 1642). From 1637 to 1645 he was a missionary among the Catholics in ] in the ] (present day ]). | ||
| He came back to ], where he was confessor in Slavic languages at the ] in ], from 1645 till his death in that town. | |||
| ==Dictionary== | ==Dictionary== | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| Micaglia's greatest work is ''"Thesaurus of Slovinian'' (Croatian) ''Language and Slovinian'' (Croatian) ''Dictionary (where Croatian words are translated in Italian and Latin)"''. It was first printed in ] in 1649, but a better printing press was needed, so it was completed in ] in 1651. The dictionary was a Jesuits project, an instrument to fight the ] in the ]s. | |||
| It was the first ], with Croatian (under name of "Illyric" or "Slovinian") as the starting language (in the very same dictionary, he treats the terms Croatian, Slovinian and Illyric as synonyms<ref name="IHJJ">{{hr icon}} </ref |
It was the first ], with Croatian (under name of "Illyric" or "Slovinian") as the starting language (in the very same dictionary, he treats the terms Croatian, Slovinian and Illyric as synonyms<ref name="IHJJ">{{hr icon}} </ref><ref> </ref><ref name="IHJJ" /> <!-- original homepage where the scanned pictures are from -->). An Important thing to note is that Mikalja names in his dicionary Croatian language as "''Illyric''" or "Slovinian", Italian as ''"Latin"'', which he names as the ''"students' language"'' (diacki). The introduction to the dictionary has a "Latin" dedication, a note to the reader in Italian (''Al benigno lettore''), a presentation of the alphabet and orthography in Latin and Croatian (''Od ortographie jezika slovinskoga ili načina od pisanja''), and an ] in Croatian (''Grammatika Talianska''). | ||
| Mikalja explains in the foreword that he chose the ] dialect because "everyone says that the Bosnian language is the most beautiful one" (''"Ogn'un dice che la lingua Bosnese sia la piu bella"'')<ref> |
Mikalja explains in the foreword that he chose the ] dialect because "everyone says that the Bosnian language is the most beautiful one" (''"Ogn'un dice che la lingua Bosnese sia la piu bella"''). Bosnian is identified as the ] of the local ] languages. The dictionary, intended primarily to teach students and young Jesuits, has around 25,000 words. It belongs to the corpse of dictionaries in Shtokavian dialect, with some Chakavian parts, and even Kaykavian lexic as entry or synonym.<ref name="IHJJ" /> Mikalja's dictionary is regarded as a Croatian dictionary <ref name="lezioni" /> by mainstream lexicographers and linguists. | ||
| | last = Van Antwerf Fine | |||
| | first = John | |||
| | title = When ethnicity did not matter in the Balkans: a study of identity in pre-nationalist Croatia, Dalmatia, and Slavonia in the medieval and early-modern periods | |||
| | publisher = University of Michigan Press | |||
| | year = 2006 | |||
| | location = University of Michigan | |||
| | isbn = | |||
| | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=p3oGybOY1w4C&pg=PA303&dq=jakov+mikalja&lr=&ei=zIgPTNHQHImCyASZpvWtCw&hl=hr&cd=36#v=onepage&q=jakov%20mikalja&f=false}}</ref>. Bosnian is identified as the ] of the local ] languages. The dictionary, intended primarily to teach students and young Jesuits, has around 25,000 words. It belongs to the corpse of dictionaries in Shtokavian dialect, with some Chakavian parts, and even Kaykavian lexic as entry or synonym.<ref name="IHJJ" /> Mikalja's dictionary is regarded as a Croatian dictionary <ref name="lezioni" /> by mainstream lexicographers and linguists. | |||
| From the cultural point of view, Mikalja's work was influenced by earlier works of ] and ], and it influenced the ] circle of lexicographers (among them Franciscans ] and ]), both in Croatia and in ]. His work is an integral part of ]. | From the cultural point of view, Mikalja's work was influenced by earlier works of ] (Fausto Veranzio) and ], and it influenced the ] circle of lexicographers (among them Franciscans ] and ]), both in Croatia and in ]. His work is an integral part of ]. | ||
| ==Works== | ==Works== | ||
| Line 44: | Line 37: | ||
| == Bibliography == | == Bibliography == | ||
| * Max L. Baeumer, '''' Vol 11 Longo, 1984 {{en icon}} | * Max L. Baeumer, '''' Vol 11 Longo, 1984 {{en icon}} | ||
| * Croatian Academy of America, '''', p. |
* Croatian Academy of America, '''', p. 286 Volumes 36-37, 1997 {{hr icon}} {{en icon}} | ||
| * Sylvain Auroux, '''' Volume 1, Walter de Gruyter, 2000, ISBN 9783110111033 {{en icon}}{{de icon}} | * Sylvain Auroux, '''' Volume 1, Walter de Gruyter, 2000, ISBN 9783110111033 {{en icon}}{{de icon}} | ||
| * '''', Volume 36 Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1990 {{en icon}}{{de icon}} | * '''', Volume 36 Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1990 {{en icon}}{{de icon}} | ||
| Line 50: | Line 43: | ||
| * Ivo Banac, '''' Vol. 6, P. 43, of Mladost, 1991, ISBN 9788676490035 {{hr icon}} | * Ivo Banac, '''' Vol. 6, P. 43, of Mladost, 1991, ISBN 9788676490035 {{hr icon}} | ||
| * Edward L. Keenan, '''' Harvard University Press ISBN 9780916458966 | * Edward L. Keenan, '''' Harvard University Press ISBN 9780916458966 | ||
| * {{cite book | last=Muzej hrvatskih starina | first=Split | title=Starohrvatska prosvjeta | volume=35-37 | publisher=The University of Michigan Press | location= | year=1994 | isbn=}} | |||
| ==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| * by Vladimir Horvat{{hr icon}} | * by Vladimir Horvat{{hr icon}} | ||
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| * {{hr icon}} | * {{hr icon}} | ||
| * {{hr icon}} | * {{hr icon}} | ||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Mikalja, Jakov}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Mikalja, Jakov}} | ||
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Revision as of 23:27, 27 April 2011
Jakov Mikalja in Croatian, also Giacomo Micaglia in Italian, (Template:Lang-la), (March 31, 1601 - December 1, 1654) was a linguist and lexicographer, born in Peschici, in the Italian region of Apulia, at that time under the Kingdom of Naples. He stated he considers himself as an Italian of Slavic tongue.
Life
Micaglia was born in Peschici , a small town on the Gargano peninsula that years before (about 970) was a Croat settlement and that time entertained fruitful trade with Venice and the towns on the Dalmatian coast.
He was the great-uncle of Pietro Giannone (1676 – 1748), the historian born in Ischitella, few kilometers by Peschici. About it Giannone writes that «Scipio Giannone (his father) had married in Ischitella in 1677 Lucretia Micaglia, daughter of Matteo Micaglia from Peschici and Isabella Sabatello.»
The missions in the Republic of Ragusa and in the Banat
Because of his knowledge of the Croatian language, Micaglja was dispatched to the Republic of Ragusa by the Jesuit order. It was the time of Counter-Reformation and the Catholic Church wished to restore its power in the Balkans as well. For four years (1630-1633) Mikalja taught grammar at the Jesuit College in Ragusa (Dubrovnik). There he wrote "Latin grammar for Illyrian students" after Emanuel Alvares (De institutione grammatica pro Illyricis accommodata, 1637).
A few years later, in 1636, Mikalja sent a letter to the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith, proposing a reform of the Latin alphabet for the needs of the Croatian language.
He discussed the same issue in the chapter "On Slavic Orthography" of his work in Croatian "God-Loving Thoughts on the Lord's Prayer Taken from the Books of St. Thomas Aquinas, the Angelic Doctor" (Bratislava, 1642). From 1637 to 1645 he was a missionary among the Catholics in Timişoara in the Banat (present day Romania).
He came back to Italy, where he was confessor in Slavic languages at the Basilica della Santa Casa in Loreto, from 1645 till his death in that town.
Dictionary
Micaglia's greatest work is "Thesaurus of Slovinian (Croatian) Language and Slovinian (Croatian) Dictionary (where Croatian words are translated in Italian and Latin)". It was first printed in Loreto in 1649, but a better printing press was needed, so it was completed in Ancona in 1651. The dictionary was a Jesuits project, an instrument to fight the Protestant Reformation in the Balkans.
It was the first Croatian dictionary, with Croatian (under name of "Illyric" or "Slovinian") as the starting language (in the very same dictionary, he treats the terms Croatian, Slovinian and Illyric as synonyms ). An Important thing to note is that Mikalja names in his dicionary Croatian language as "Illyric" or "Slovinian", Italian as "Latin", which he names as the "students' language" (diacki). The introduction to the dictionary has a "Latin" dedication, a note to the reader in Italian (Al benigno lettore), a presentation of the alphabet and orthography in Latin and Croatian (Od ortographie jezika slovinskoga ili načina od pisanja), and an Italian grammar in Croatian (Grammatika Talianska).
Mikalja explains in the foreword that he chose the Bosnian dialect because "everyone says that the Bosnian language is the most beautiful one" ("Ogn'un dice che la lingua Bosnese sia la piu bella"). Bosnian is identified as the Shtokavian dialect of the local South Slavic languages. The dictionary, intended primarily to teach students and young Jesuits, has around 25,000 words. It belongs to the corpse of dictionaries in Shtokavian dialect, with some Chakavian parts, and even Kaykavian lexic as entry or synonym. Mikalja's dictionary is regarded as a Croatian dictionary by mainstream lexicographers and linguists.
From the cultural point of view, Mikalja's work was influenced by earlier works of Faust Vrančić (Fausto Veranzio) and Kašić, and it influenced the Croatian circle of lexicographers (among them Franciscans Divković and Tomo Babić), both in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina. His work is an integral part of development and standardization of Croatian modern language.
Works
- Bogoljubno razmiscgljanje od ocenascja Pokupgljeno iz kgniga Svetoga Tomme od Aquina Nauciteglja Anghjelskoga (God-Loving Thoughts on the Lord's Prayer Taken from the Books of St Thomas Aquinas, the Angelic Doctor, Bratislava, 1642)
- Blago jezika slovinskoga ili Slovnik u Komu izgovarajuse rjeci slovinske Latinski, i Diacki. Thesaurus linguae Illyricae sive Dictionarium Illyricum. In quo verba Illyrica Italice, et Latine redduntur, Romae: et sumptibus Sacrae congregationis de propaganda fide impressum, Loreto, apud Paulum et Io. Baptistam Seraphinum, 1649 (Thesaurus of Croatian language or a Croatian Dictionary, where Croatian words are translated in Italian and Latin) (Ancona, 1651).
Printing of the "Thesaurus" was started by Serafini brothers in Loreto in 1649, and completed by O. Beltrano in Ancona in 1651.
References
- Hrvatski leksikon 2 L - Ž, Naklada Leksikon d.o.o., Zagreb, 1997, ISBN 953-96728-0-5
- Ivo Banac, Hrvatsko jezično pitanje Vol. 6, P. 43, of Mladost, 1991, ISBN 9788676490035 Template:Hr icon
- Edward L. Keenan, Josef Dobrovský and the origins of the Igor' tale Harvard University Press ISBN 9780916458966
- ^ Template:It icon3. RAI International Online - Lingue diverse dall’italiano in Italia
- ^ Template:It icon Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza" - P. Giannone, Vita scritta da lui medesimo
- An article from a croatian mAgazine, Slobodna Dalmacija, tried to provide an innovative version about his origins, to demonstrate his Croatian ancestry. Template:Hr icon
- Croatian Academy of America, Journal of Croatian studies, p. 286 Volumes 36-37, 1997 Template:Hr icon Template:En icon
- in Croatian: Pještica
- Cod. Dipl. Tremiti, document n.47
- «Ser Antonio de Stephano de Ragusio et Ser Marco de Johanne fanno costruire in società una nave de la portata de carra 250. Ditta costruzione debia avvenire in terra Peschice. La dispesa sarà di ducati 500» Cod. Dipl. Barl., 1570 vol. 10, n.28>
- “In Peschice de Gargano si costruisce una nave pro parte Johannis de Natali de Ragusio, Baroli commorantis”. Il calefatore è Marinus de Ragusio.Cod. Dipl. Barl., 1570 vol. 10, n.380>
- Template:Hr icon Vjesnik Inoslav Bešker: Hrvatski korijeni Peschichija, Nov 3, 1998
- «Ser Antonio de Stephano de Ragusio et Ser Marco de Johanne fanno costruire in società una nave de la portata de carra 250. Ditta costruzione debia avvenire in terra Peschice. La dispesa sarà di ducati 500» Cod. Dipl. Barl., 1570 vol. 10, n.28>
- “In Peschice de Gargano si costruisce una nave pro parte Johannis de Natali de Ragusio, Baroli commorantis”. Il calefatore è Marinus de Ragusio.Cod. Dipl. Barl., 1570 vol. 10, n.380>
- The civil and religious experience of Peter Giannone G. Recuperati, 2005
- Template:It icon Pietro Giannone Opere Vol. 46, Tomo I
- ^ Template:Hr icon IHJJ - About Jakov Mikalja
- IHJJ - Scanned page
Bibliography
- Max L. Baeumer, The Emergence of national languages Vol 11 Longo, 1984 Template:En icon
- Croatian Academy of America, Journal of Croatian studies, p. 286 Volumes 36-37, 1997 Template:Hr icon Template:En icon
- Sylvain Auroux, History of the language sciences: an international handbook on the evolution of the study of language from the beginnings to the present Volume 1, Walter de Gruyter, 2000, ISBN 9783110111033 Template:En iconTemplate:De icon
- Wiener slavistisches Jahrbuch, Volume 36 Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1990 Template:En iconTemplate:De icon
- A. Tamaro, La Vénétie Julienne et la Dalmatie: histoire de la nation italienne sur ses frontières orientales, Page 233 Volume 3, Imprimerie du Sénat, 1919 Template:Fr icon
- Ivo Banac, Hrvatsko jezično pitanje Vol. 6, P. 43, of Mladost, 1991, ISBN 9788676490035 Template:Hr icon
- Edward L. Keenan, Josef Dobrovský and the origins of the Igor' tale Harvard University Press ISBN 9780916458966
External links
- Matica hrvatska - Kolo - Jubileji hrvatskih leksikografa by Vladimir HorvatTemplate:Hr icon
- IHJJ - About Jakov Mikalja Template:Hr icon
- A page about Jakov Mikalja Template:Hr icon
- Scientific project about Jakov Mikalja's work Template:Hr icon
- List of Croatian dictionaries in history Template:Hr icon
- "Quando a Peschici gli slavi ... erano di casa" Template:It icon
- Jubileji leksikografa Mikalje (Jubilees of Lexicograph Mikalja) Template:Hr icon
- Neki ga još smatraju Talijanom (Some still regard him as Italian) Template:Hr icon