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| The '''2011 Syrian protests''' are a series of minor protests happening in ] which began on 26 January 2011 and are ] by ] | |||
| Following the ], ] witnessed minor incidents. | |||
| ==Background== | |||
| ==Self Immolation of Hasan Ali Akleh== | |||
| On |
On 31 January 2011, the '']'' ran an exclusive interview with ], ] of ], in which he said it's time to reform. In a comment on the protests in ], ] and ], he said a "new era" is coming to the ], and that Arab rulers would need to do more to accommodate their people's rising political and economic aspirations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703833204576114712441122894.html |title=Interview With Syrian President Bashar al-Assad |publisher=wsj.com |date= |accessdate=2011-01-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704832704576114340735033236.html |title=Syria Strongman: Time for 'Reform' |publisher=wsj.com |date= |accessdate=2011-01-31}}</ref> However, president ] has also declared that his state is immune from the kinds of mass protests that have taken place in Egypt.<ref>.</ref> | ||
| ==Timeline== | |||
| On 26 January 2011, Hasan Ali Akleh from ] poured gasoline and burned himself in the same way as Mohamed Bouazizi. According to eyewitnesses, the action was "a protest against the ]".<ref name="Hasan Ali Akleh 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.free-syria.com/loadarticle.php?articleid=37797 |title=Information on the death of a young man who burned himself in Al Hasakah |publisher=free-syria.com |date= |accessdate=2011-01-30}}</ref><ref name="Hasan Ali Akleh 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.metransparent.com/spip.php?page=article&id_article=12661&lang=ar |title=Syrian suicider is "Hasan Ali Akleh". Damascus has banned a demonstration in support of Egypt |publisher=metransparent.com |date= |accessdate=2011-01-30}}</ref> | |||
| ==Ar-Raqqah Protest== | |||
| On 28 January 2011, a demonstration was held in ] during the evening, in protest against the killing of two soldiers of ] descent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://free-syria.com/loadarticle.php?articleid=37803 |title=Demonstration in Ar-Raqqa, Syria |publisher=free-syria.com |date= |accessdate=2011-01-30}}</ref> | On 28 January 2011, a demonstration was held in ] during the evening, in protest against the killing of two soldiers of ] descent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://free-syria.com/loadarticle.php?articleid=37803 |title=Demonstration in Ar-Raqqa, Syria |publisher=free-syria.com |date= |accessdate=2011-01-30}}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | On 3 February another "Day of rage" was called for in Syria from 4–5 February on ] sites Facebook and Twitter. Protesters demand reform in the government, however most protests so far have remained outside of Syria and have been small.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/41400687/ns/world_news-mideastn_africa/ |title='Day of rage' protest urged in Syria - World news - Mideast/N. Africa - msnbc.com |publisher=MSNBC |date= |accessdate=2011-02-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aysor.am/en/news/2011/02/03/syrian-facebook-twitter/ |title=“Day of Rage” planned for Syria; protests scheduled for Feb 4-5 - aysor.am - Hot news from Armenia |publisher=aysor.am |date= |accessdate=2011-02-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://freedomist.com/2011/01/30/syran-anger-day-planned-feb-5-2011/|title=Syrian Anger Day Planned Feb 5, 2011|author=William R Collier jr|date=January 30, 2011|publisher=The Freedomist|accessdate=January 31, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://topsy.com/freedomist.com/2011/01/30/syran-anger-day-planned-feb-5-2011/ |title=Syrian Anger Day Planned Feb 5, 2011 | The Freedomist |publisher=TOPSY |date= |accessdate=2011-02-01}}</ref> The protests were expected to begin on 4 February 2011 as ] mobilised the people of ] for rallies demanding freedom, ] and the end to the ]. Protests were also scheduled for 5 February in front of the parliament in ] and at Syrian embassies internationally.<ref>.</ref> The only known action took place February 5, where hundreds of protesters in ] participated in a mass demonstration, calling for the ]'s departure. Syrian authorities have arrested dozens and the demonstration was triggered quickly.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://free-syria.com/loadarticle.php?articleid=37849 |title=Demonstration on the day of anger in Hasaka and Syrian authorities arrested dozens |publisher=free-syria.com |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref> Suhair Atassi, who runs the banned ], called for political reforms and the reinstatement of civil rights, as well as an end to the emergency law in place since 1963.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/2011/02/201129135657367367.html |title=Q&A: Syrian activist Suhair Atassi |publisher=Al Jazeera English |date=2011-02-09 |accessdate=2011-02-13}}</ref> However, no protests occurred on either date.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upi.com/Top_News/Special/2011/02/04/Syria-quiet-on-day-of-rage/UPI-58781296853501/ |title=Syria quiet on day of rage |publisher=UPI.com |date= |accessdate=2011-02-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/world/2011/0205/1224289070429.html |title=Call for Syrian 'day of rage' as planned protests fail to ignite - The Irish Times - Sat, Feb 05, 2011 |publisher=The Irish Times |date= |accessdate=2011-02-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Karam |first=Zeina |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/2011/02/05/2052033/syria-escapes-day-of-rage-protests.html |title=Syria escapes 'Day of Rage' protests - World Wires |publisher=MiamiHerald.com |date= |accessdate=2011-02-08}}</ref> Though internet services were said to have been curbed, ''Facebook'' and ''Youtube'' were reported to have been restored on 8 February.<ref name="JENNIFER PRESTON"> {{cite news | ||
| ==President Assad Interview== | |||
| On 31 January 2011, the '']'' ran an exclusive interview with ], ] of ], in which he said it's time to reform. In a comment on the protests in ], ] and ], he said a "new era" is coming to the ], and that Arab rulers would need to do more to accommodate their people's rising political and economic aspirations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703833204576114712441122894.html |title=Interview With Syrian President Bashar al-Assad |publisher=wsj.com |date= |accessdate=2011-01-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704832704576114340735033236.html |title=Syria Strongman: Time for 'Reform' |publisher=wsj.com |date= |accessdate=2011-01-31}}</ref> | |||
| ==February 4th, Day of Rage== | |||
| On 3 February another "Day of rage" was called for in Syria from 4–5 February on ] sites Facebook and Twitter. Protesters demand reform in the government, however most protests so far have remained outside of Syria and have been small.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/41400687/ns/world_news-mideastn_africa/ |title='Day of rage' protest urged in Syria - World news - Mideast/N. Africa - msnbc.com |publisher=MSNBC |date= |accessdate=2011-02-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aysor.am/en/news/2011/02/03/syrian-facebook-twitter/ |title=“Day of Rage” planned for Syria; protests scheduled for Feb 4-5 - aysor.am - Hot news from Armenia |publisher=aysor.am |date= |accessdate=2011-02-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://freedomist.com/2011/01/30/syran-anger-day-planned-feb-5-2011/|title=Syrian Anger Day Planned Feb 5, 2011|author=William R Collier jr|date=January 30, 2011|publisher=The Freedomist|accessdate=January 31, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://topsy.com/freedomist.com/2011/01/30/syran-anger-day-planned-feb-5-2011/ |title=Syrian Anger Day Planned Feb 5, 2011 | The Freedomist |publisher=TOPSY |date= |accessdate=2011-02-01}}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| | last= PRESTON | | last= PRESTON | ||
| | first= JENNIFER | | first= JENNIFER | ||
| Line 43: | Line 39: | ||
| | accessdate= }} </ref> Suggestions were made that easing the ban could be a way to track activists.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jillian York |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/02/2011212122746819907.html |title=Unblocking Syria's social media |publisher=Al Jazeera English |date= |accessdate=2011-02-13}}</ref> After the failure of attempts to a "day of rage," '']'' called the country "a kingdom of silence" and identified key factors for stability within Syria as being strict security measures, the popularity of President ], and fears of potential sectarian violence in the aftermath of a government ouster (akin to neighbouring ]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/features/2011/02/201129103121562395.html |title=Syria: 'A kingdom of silence' |publisher=aljazeera.net |date= |accessdate=2011-02-12}}</ref> | | accessdate= }} </ref> Suggestions were made that easing the ban could be a way to track activists.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jillian York |url=http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/02/2011212122746819907.html |title=Unblocking Syria's social media |publisher=Al Jazeera English |date= |accessdate=2011-02-13}}</ref> After the failure of attempts to a "day of rage," '']'' called the country "a kingdom of silence" and identified key factors for stability within Syria as being strict security measures, the popularity of President ], and fears of potential sectarian violence in the aftermath of a government ouster (akin to neighbouring ]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/features/2011/02/201129103121562395.html |title=Syria: 'A kingdom of silence' |publisher=aljazeera.net |date= |accessdate=2011-02-12}}</ref> | ||
| ==Tal al-Mallohi Sentenced== | |||
| ⚫ | On February 14, blogger and student ] was sentenced to five years in prison for spying for the United States. Washington denied these allegations and asked for the release Tal immediately. February 15, under pressure from human rights organizations, the Syrian government released ''Ghassan al-Najjar'', a "veteran Islamist activist" after he went on hunger strike following his arrest for calling for mass protests.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/16/us-protests-idUSTRE71F41K20110216?pageNumber=2 | title = Egypt-inspired protests gain pace across region | first = Paul | last = Taylor | date = 2011-02-16 | publisher = Reuters }}</ref> February 16, regime critic and director of the Organisation for Democracy and Freedom in Syria (ODFS) ], the son of ] and cousin to Syrian President ] held a press conference in London, where he made it clear that he "does not want to see a Syrian revolution, but a peaceful change of power".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elaph.com/Web/news/2011/2/632409.html |title=Opposition leader Ribal Al-Assad is optimistic to changes in Syria |publisher=elaph.com |date= |accessdate=2011-02-16}}</ref> | ||
| ==February 17th Down Town Damascus protest== | |||
| On February 17, a fight took place in central ], between a shop owner and traffic police. Everything took a new turn when three police officers began attacking the man and beat him severely. Several people gathered around and blocked the road, while shouting "the ] will not be pushed down". An eyewitness estimated the number to more than 1,500 demonstrators. ] officers arrived quickly to the scene along with several government officials and finally Minister of the Interior who dispersed the demonstrators.<ref name="ROBERT MACKEY"> {{cite news | On February 17, a fight took place in central ], between a shop owner and traffic police. Everything took a new turn when three police officers began attacking the man and beat him severely. Several people gathered around and blocked the road, while shouting "the ] will not be pushed down". An eyewitness estimated the number to more than 1,500 demonstrators. ] officers arrived quickly to the scene along with several government officials and finally Minister of the Interior who dispersed the demonstrators.<ref name="ROBERT MACKEY"> {{cite news | ||
| | last= MACKEY | | last= MACKEY | ||
| Line 56: | Line 48: | ||
| | accessdate= }} </ref> The minister took the shop owner in his car and promised to investigate what had happened.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://free-syria.com/loadarticle.php?articleid=37926 |title=After the attack on a young man, beating and humiliation: the hundreds of Syrians demonstrating in Harika |publisher=free-syria.com |date= |accessdate=2011-02-17}}</ref> A couple of hours later, several video versions were posted on ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDHLsU-ik_Y |title=Demonstration in Damscus Syria |publisher=]|date= |accessdate=2011-02-17}}</ref> | | accessdate= }} </ref> The minister took the shop owner in his car and promised to investigate what had happened.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://free-syria.com/loadarticle.php?articleid=37926 |title=After the attack on a young man, beating and humiliation: the hundreds of Syrians demonstrating in Harika |publisher=free-syria.com |date= |accessdate=2011-02-17}}</ref> A couple of hours later, several video versions were posted on ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDHLsU-ik_Y |title=Demonstration in Damscus Syria |publisher=]|date= |accessdate=2011-02-17}}</ref> | ||
| ==Anti-government graffiti== | |||
| On February 19, several Syrian websites reported widespread anti-government ] across Damascus and other major cities.<ref name="sooryoon exclusive"> {{cite web | On February 19, several Syrian websites reported widespread anti-government ] across Damascus and other major cities.<ref name="sooryoon exclusive"> {{cite web | ||
| | url= http://www.sooryoon.net/exclusive/%D8%B4%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A8/ | | url= http://www.sooryoon.net/exclusive/%D8%B4%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A8/ | ||
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| | accessdate = | | accessdate = | ||
| }} </ref> | }} </ref> | ||
| ==Reaction== | |||
| On 29 January 2011, news channel ] reported that Internet connection was cut off, that was quickly denied by official sources.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dp-news.com/pages/detail.aspx?l=2&articleId=72236 |title=Internet is Available across Syria |publisher=dp-news.com |date= |accessdate=2011-01-30}}</ref> | |||
| ''Al Jazeera'' reported increased security for the planned "Days of rage"{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}}. Days before the planned protests, Syrian authorities arrested several political activists, such as businessman Ghassan al-Najar, leader of the Islamic Democratic movement,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elaph.com/Web/news/2011/2/629499.html |title=Arrest of leader of the Islamic Democratic movement in Syria |publisher=elaph.com |date= |accessdate=2011-02-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://free-syria.com/loadarticle.php?articleid=37876 |title=Transfer of activist Ghassan Najar to Adra prison after being referred for trial |publisher=free-syria.com |date= |accessdate=2011-02-12}}</ref> the writer Ali al-Abdallah,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://free-syria.com/loadarticle.php?articleid=37861 |title=Start of the trial exhibits and the Syrian writer Ali Abdullah |publisher=free-syria.com |date= |accessdate=2011-02-12}}</ref> Abbas Abbas, from ]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://free-syria.com/loadarticle.php?articleid=37788 |title=Jailed prominent Syrian opposition for seven and a half years |publisher=free-syria.com |date= |accessdate=2011-02-12}}</ref> and several other political personalities of Kurdish backgrounds, such as Adnan Mustafa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://free-syria.com/loadarticle.php?articleid=37802 |title=Syrian authorities detain national identity Adnan Mustafa Abu Ammar |publisher=free-syria.com |date= |accessdate=2011-02-12}}</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | On February 14, blogger and student ] was sentenced to five years in prison for spying for the United States. Washington denied these allegations and asked for the release Tal immediately. February 15, under pressure from human rights organizations, the Syrian government released ''Ghassan al-Najjar'', a "veteran Islamist activist" after he went on hunger strike following his arrest for calling for mass protests.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/16/us-protests-idUSTRE71F41K20110216?pageNumber=2 | title = Egypt-inspired protests gain pace across region | first = Paul | last = Taylor | date = 2011-02-16 | publisher = Reuters }}</ref> February 16, regime critic and director of the Organisation for Democracy and Freedom in Syria (ODFS) ], the son of ] and cousin to Syrian President ] held a press conference in London, where he made it clear that he "does not want to see a Syrian revolution, but a peaceful change of power".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elaph.com/Web/news/2011/2/632409.html |title=Opposition leader Ribal Al-Assad is optimistic to changes in Syria |publisher=elaph.com |date= |accessdate=2011-02-16}}</ref> | ||
| ==Reference== | ==Reference== | ||
Revision as of 23:04, 22 February 2011
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| 2011 Syrian protests | |
|---|---|
| File:Syrian day of anger protest.jpg"Escape! We don't love you!" | |
| Date | February 2011 – ongoing |
| Casualties | |
| Death(s) | 1 |
| Injuries | 0 |
The 2011 Syrian protests are a series of minor protests happening in Syria which began on 26 January 2011 and are influenced by other protests in the region
Background
On 31 January 2011, the Wall Street Journal ran an exclusive interview with Bashar al-Assad, President of Syria, in which he said it's time to reform. In a comment on the protests in Egypt, Tunisia and Yemen, he said a "new era" is coming to the Middle East, and that Arab rulers would need to do more to accommodate their people's rising political and economic aspirations. However, president Al-Assad has also declared that his state is immune from the kinds of mass protests that have taken place in Egypt.
Timeline
On 26 January 2011, Hasan Ali Akleh from Al-Hasakah poured gasoline and burned himself in the same way as Mohamed Bouazizi. According to eyewitnesses, the action was "a protest against the Syrian government".
On 28 January 2011, a demonstration was held in Ar-Raqqah during the evening, in protest against the killing of two soldiers of Kurdish descent.
On 3 February another "Day of rage" was called for in Syria from 4–5 February on social media sites Facebook and Twitter. Protesters demand reform in the government, however most protests so far have remained outside of Syria and have been small. The protests were expected to begin on 4 February 2011 as social media mobilised the people of Syria for rallies demanding freedom, human rights and the end to the state of emergency. Protests were also scheduled for 5 February in front of the parliament in Damascus and at Syrian embassies internationally. The only known action took place February 5, where hundreds of protesters in Al-Hasakah participated in a mass demonstration, calling for the President's departure. Syrian authorities have arrested dozens and the demonstration was triggered quickly. Suhair Atassi, who runs the banned Jamal Atassi Forum, called for political reforms and the reinstatement of civil rights, as well as an end to the emergency law in place since 1963. However, no protests occurred on either date. Though internet services were said to have been curbed, Facebook and Youtube were reported to have been restored on 8 February. Suggestions were made that easing the ban could be a way to track activists. After the failure of attempts to a "day of rage," Al Jazeera called the country "a kingdom of silence" and identified key factors for stability within Syria as being strict security measures, the popularity of President Bashar al-Assad, and fears of potential sectarian violence in the aftermath of a government ouster (akin to neighbouring Iraq).
On February 17, a fight took place in central Damascus, between a shop owner and traffic police. Everything took a new turn when three police officers began attacking the man and beat him severely. Several people gathered around and blocked the road, while shouting "the Syrian people will not be pushed down". An eyewitness estimated the number to more than 1,500 demonstrators. Secret police officers arrived quickly to the scene along with several government officials and finally Minister of the Interior who dispersed the demonstrators. The minister took the shop owner in his car and promised to investigate what had happened. A couple of hours later, several video versions were posted on YouTube.
On February 19, several Syrian websites reported widespread anti-government graffiti across Damascus and other major cities.
Reaction
On 29 January 2011, news channel Al Arabiya reported that Internet connection was cut off, that was quickly denied by official sources. Al Jazeera reported increased security for the planned "Days of rage". Days before the planned protests, Syrian authorities arrested several political activists, such as businessman Ghassan al-Najar, leader of the Islamic Democratic movement, the writer Ali al-Abdallah, Abbas Abbas, from Syrian Communist Party and several other political personalities of Kurdish backgrounds, such as Adnan Mustafa.
On February 14, blogger and student Tal al-Mallohi was sentenced to five years in prison for spying for the United States. Washington denied these allegations and asked for the release Tal immediately. February 15, under pressure from human rights organizations, the Syrian government released Ghassan al-Najjar, a "veteran Islamist activist" after he went on hunger strike following his arrest for calling for mass protests. February 16, regime critic and director of the Organisation for Democracy and Freedom in Syria (ODFS) Ribal al-Assad, the son of Rifaat al-Assad and cousin to Syrian President Bashar al-Assad held a press conference in London, where he made it clear that he "does not want to see a Syrian revolution, but a peaceful change of power".
Reference
- "Interview With Syrian President Bashar al-Assad". wsj.com. Retrieved 2011-01-31.
- "Syria Strongman: Time for 'Reform'". wsj.com. Retrieved 2011-01-31.
- FOX News opinion.
- "Information on the death of a young man who burned himself in Al Hasakah". free-syria.com. Retrieved 2011-01-30.
- "Syrian suicider is "Hasan Ali Akleh". Damascus has banned a demonstration in support of Egypt". metransparent.com. Retrieved 2011-01-30.
- "Demonstration in Ar-Raqqa, Syria". free-syria.com. Retrieved 2011-01-30.
- "'Day of rage' protest urged in Syria - World news - Mideast/N. Africa - msnbc.com". MSNBC. Retrieved 2011-02-03.
- ""Day of Rage" planned for Syria; protests scheduled for Feb 4-5 - aysor.am - Hot news from Armenia". aysor.am. Retrieved 2011-02-03.
- William R Collier jr (January 30, 2011). "Syrian Anger Day Planned Feb 5, 2011". The Freedomist. Retrieved January 31, 2011.
- "Syrian Anger Day Planned Feb 5, 2011 | The Freedomist". TOPSY. Retrieved 2011-02-01.
- "Calls for weekend protests in Syria".
- "Demonstration on the day of anger in Hasaka and Syrian authorities arrested dozens". free-syria.com. Retrieved 2011-02-15.
- "Q&A: Syrian activist Suhair Atassi". Al Jazeera English. 2011-02-09. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
{{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires|magazine=(help) - "Syria quiet on day of rage". UPI.com. Retrieved 2011-02-08.
- "Call for Syrian 'day of rage' as planned protests fail to ignite - The Irish Times - Sat, Feb 05, 2011". The Irish Times. Retrieved 2011-02-08.
- Karam, Zeina. "Syria escapes 'Day of Rage' protests - World Wires". MiamiHerald.com. Retrieved 2011-02-08.
- PRESTON, JENNIFER (9 February 2011). "Syria Restores Access to Facebook and YouTube". The New York Times.
- Jillian York. "Unblocking Syria's social media". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
- "Syria: 'A kingdom of silence'". aljazeera.net. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
- MACKEY, ROBERT (February 17, 2011). "Feb. 17 Updates on Middle East Protests". nytimes.com.
- "After the attack on a young man, beating and humiliation: the hundreds of Syrians demonstrating in Harika". free-syria.com. Retrieved 2011-02-17.
- "Demonstration in Damscus Syria". YouTube. Retrieved 2011-02-17.
- "شباب سورية يكتبون شعارات تطالب برحيل بشار أسد ونظامه على جدران المدن الرئيسية". sooryoon.net. 2011/02/19.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - "Internet is Available across Syria". dp-news.com. Retrieved 2011-01-30.
- "Arrest of leader of the Islamic Democratic movement in Syria". elaph.com. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
- "Transfer of activist Ghassan Najar to Adra prison after being referred for trial". free-syria.com. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
- "Start of the trial exhibits and the Syrian writer Ali Abdullah". free-syria.com. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
- "Jailed prominent Syrian opposition for seven and a half years". free-syria.com. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
- "Syrian authorities detain national identity Adnan Mustafa Abu Ammar". free-syria.com. Retrieved 2011-02-12.
- Taylor, Paul (2011-02-16). "Egypt-inspired protests gain pace across region". Reuters.
- "Opposition leader Ribal Al-Assad is optimistic to changes in Syria". elaph.com. Retrieved 2011-02-16.
