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||1847–1931
||1847 - 1931
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||1882–1961
||1882 - 1961
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This table is a ranking of the most prolific inventors, not necessarily the most significant inventors. The significance of inventions is often not apparent until many decades after the invention has been made. For recent inventors, it is not yet possible to determine their place in history. This table is a ranking of the most prolific inventors, not necessarily the most significant inventors. The significance of inventions is often not apparent until many decades after the invention has been made. For recent inventors, it is not yet possible to determine their place in history.


The common symbol for inventiveness - the light bulb - is a perfect example. The first ] was invented by British ] ] in 1802. Many subsequent inventors improved Davy's invention prior to the successful commercialization of electric lighting by ] in 1880, 78 years later. Electric lighting continued to be developed. Edison's carbon filament light bulb was made obsolete by the tungsten filament light bulb, invented in 1904. It is this that forms the popular conception of a light bulb, though there are other major forms of lighting. The principle of ] was known since 1845, and various inventors, including Edison and ] worked on them without commercial success. Various improvements were made by many other inventors, until ] introduced "fluorescent lumiline lamps" commercially in 1938. ] also have a long history, with the first ] (LED) invented in 1927 by ]. LEDs were initially of low brightness, and have been used as indicator lamps and ]s since 1968. It wasn't until the development of high efficiency blue LEDs by ] in the 1980's that white LEDs for lighting applications became practical. Although higher cost than incandescent light bulbs, LEDs have higher efficiency and longer life and may finally displace light bulbs in general lighting applications. In each case, more than 50 years passed between the initial invention and commercial success in general lighting applications. The common symbol for inventiveness - the light bulb - is a perfect example. The first ] was invented by British ] ] in 1802. Many subsequent inventors improved Davy's invention prior to the successful commercialization of electric lighting by ] in 1880, 78 years later. Electric lighting continued to be developed. Edison's carbon filament light bulb was made obsolete by the tungsten filament light bulb, invented in 1904. It is this that forms the popular conception of a light bulb, though there are other major forms of lighting. The principle of ] was known since 1845, and various inventors, including Edison and ] worked on them without commercial success. Various improvements were made by many other inventors, until ] introduced "fluorescent lumiline lamps" commercially in 1938. ] also have a long history, with the first ] (LED) invented in 1927 by ]. LEDs were initially of low brightness, and have been used as indicator lamps and ]s since 1968. It wasn't until the development of high efficiency blue LEDs by ] in the 1980s that white LEDs for lighting applications became practical. Although higher cost than incandescent light bulbs, LEDs have higher efficiency and longer life and may finally displace light bulbs in general lighting applications. In each case, more than 50 years passed between the initial invention and commercial success in general lighting applications.


==Published lists== ==Published lists==
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This list only included U.S. inventors, so omitted Canadian inventor and industrialist George Albert Lyon, with 993 <ref name="Lyon" /> U.S. patents at the time. Also omitted were Japanese inventor ], who held 745 <ref> (add 56 patents issued before 1976)</ref> U.S. patents at the time of publication, John F. O'Connor with 949 patents, and ], with 753 <ref name="Ellis"> B. Zorina Khan, ''The Democratization of Invention: Patents and Copyrights in American Economic Development, 1790-1920'' (Cambridge University Press, 2005) pp209-210</ref>. This list only included U.S. inventors, so omitted Canadian inventor and industrialist George Albert Lyon, with 993 <ref name="Lyon" /> U.S. patents at the time. Also omitted were Japanese inventor ], who held 745 <ref> (add 56 patents issued before 1976)</ref> U.S. patents at the time of publication, John F. O'Connor with 949 patents, and ], with 753.<ref name="Ellis">B. Zorina Khan, ''The Democratization of Invention: Patents and Copyrights in American Economic Development, 1790-1920'' (Cambridge University Press, 2005) pp209-210</ref>


==USA Today (2005)== ==USA Today (2005)==
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This research was performed by ipIQ of Chicago (now "The Patent Board"<ref name=PatentBoard></ref>) and 1790 Analytics<ref ></ref> of New Jersey. This research was performed by ipIQ of Chicago (now "The Patent Board"<ref name=PatentBoard></ref>) and 1790 Analytics<ref></ref> of New Jersey.
This list only considered living inventors, and thus did not include such prolific inventors as Thomas Edison. This list also included design patents, which are not patents for inventions. This list only considered living inventors, and thus did not include such prolific inventors as Thomas Edison. This list also included design patents, which are not patents for inventions.


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||3726 <ref name="Silverbrook Utility"/>
||3726 <ref Name="Silverbrook Utility"></ref>
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Differences in patent numbers between the various lists are due to several reasons: Differences in patent numbers between the various lists are due to several reasons:
* The lists were created on different dates. As many of the inventors in the lists are still active, the number of patents they hold are increasing. * The lists were created on different dates. As many of the inventors in the lists are still active, the number of patents they hold are increasing.
* While the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (]) is the primary source for U.S. patent information, only patents issued since 1976 can be electronically searched by the inventor's name at the USPTO website <ref></ref>. For some of the listed inventors, such as ], all of their patents predate 1976, so other sources must be used. For some inventors, such as ], some patents predate 1976. The earlier patents must be added to the results of a USPTO search to obtain the complete number. * While the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (]) is the primary source for U.S. patent information, only patents issued since 1976 can be electronically searched by the inventor's name at the USPTO website.<ref></ref> For some of the listed inventors, such as ], all of their patents predate 1976, so other sources must be used. For some inventors, such as ], some patents predate 1976. The earlier patents must be added to the results of a USPTO search to obtain the complete number.
* The Time, USA Today and Portfolio lists show the total number of U.S. patents, including patents for designs (]) as well as patents for inventions (]s). * The Time, USA Today and Portfolio lists show the total number of U.S. patents, including patents for designs (]) as well as patents for inventions (]s).
* The International list includes granted patents from Europe, Korea, and Japan * The International list includes granted patents from Europe, Korea, and Japan
* Small discrepancies can also occur in patent numbers given by ] searches due to differences in the way that variations in the spelling of an inventor's name are dealt with. * Small discrepancies can also occur in patent numbers given by ] searches due to differences in the way that variations in the spelling of an inventor's name are dealt with.


Rankings below number 36 are listed as "not applicable". They are included in this list as a result of merging the previous lists. There are many other inventors with more patents than those marked 'NA', who would appear below number 36 in a complete ranked list. These inventors are not included as they have not appeared in published rankings of prolific inventors. Rankings below number 36 are listed as "not applicable". They are included in this list as a result of merging the previous lists. There are many other inventors with more patents than those marked 'NA', who would appear below number 36 in a complete ranked list. These inventors are not included as they have not appeared in published rankings of prolific inventors.


==See also== ==See also==
*] *]
*] *]


Revision as of 10:07, 16 March 2011

The ten most prolific inventors in recorded history, ranked by the number of issued U.S. utility patents issued, are:

Rank Inventor U.S. utility patents Total U.S. patents Country Years Main fields of invention
1 Kia Silverbrook 3,726 3,734 Australia 1958 - Printing, Digital paper, Internet, Electronics, CGI, Chemical, MEMS, Mechanical, VLSI
2 Shunpei Yamazaki 2,570 2,580 Japan 1942 - Thin film transistors, Liquid crystal displays, Solar cells, Flash memory, OLED
3 Thomas Edison 1,084 1,093 USA 1847–1931 Electric power, lighting, batteries, phonograph, cement, telegraphy, mining
4 George Albert Lyon 993 993 Canada 1882–1961 Automotive, Stainless steel products
5 John F. O'Connor 949 949 USA 1864 - 19?? Railway draft gearing
5 Donald Weder 949 1,358 USA 1947 - Florist supplies
7 Leonard Forbes 940 940 USA 1940 - Semiconductor Memories, CCDs, Thin film processes and materials, VLSI
8 Melvin De Groote 925 925 USA 1896–1963 Chemical de-emulsifiers
9 Paul Lapstun 920 920 Australia 19?? - Printing, Digital paper, Internet, Electronics, CGI, VLSI
10 Francis H. Richards 894 894 USA 1850 - 19?? Mechanical, automation

†This table was last updated on March 10, 2011.

A utility patent is a patent of invention. Other patent types are: design patents for the ornamental design of an object; plant patents for plant varieties; and reissue patents. This list does not include patent applications, as there is no certainty that an application will actually be granted. Patent applications are included in this list only when the patents are granted. Because the U.S. market is so large, most inventions are patented in the U.S. However, as the process of applying for patents in every country is very expensive, most patents are applied for in only a limited number of countries, and many only in the U.S. These factors combine to make U.S. utility patents the best data available to indicate the worldwide number of inventions.

For all of the 20th century, Thomas Edison was the most prolific inventor in history. He was passed by Shunpei Yamazaki on June 17, 2003. Shunpei Yamazaki was subsequently passed by Kia Silverbrook on February 26, 2008. Kia Silverbrook is currently the most prolific inventor in history.

Significance of inventions

This table is a ranking of the most prolific inventors, not necessarily the most significant inventors. The significance of inventions is often not apparent until many decades after the invention has been made. For recent inventors, it is not yet possible to determine their place in history.

The common symbol for inventiveness - the light bulb - is a perfect example. The first incandescent light bulb was invented by British chemist Sir Humphry Davy in 1802. Many subsequent inventors improved Davy's invention prior to the successful commercialization of electric lighting by Thomas Edison in 1880, 78 years later. Electric lighting continued to be developed. Edison's carbon filament light bulb was made obsolete by the tungsten filament light bulb, invented in 1904. It is this that forms the popular conception of a light bulb, though there are other major forms of lighting. The principle of fluorescent lights was known since 1845, and various inventors, including Edison and Nikola Tesla worked on them without commercial success. Various improvements were made by many other inventors, until General Electric introduced "fluorescent lumiline lamps" commercially in 1938. LED lamps also have a long history, with the first light-emitting diode (LED) invented in 1927 by Oleg Losev. LEDs were initially of low brightness, and have been used as indicator lamps and seven-segment displays since 1968. It wasn't until the development of high efficiency blue LEDs by Shuji Nakamura in the 1980s that white LEDs for lighting applications became practical. Although higher cost than incandescent light bulbs, LEDs have higher efficiency and longer life and may finally displace light bulbs in general lighting applications. In each case, more than 50 years passed between the initial invention and commercial success in general lighting applications.

Published lists

Rankings of prolific inventors have been published at various times. However, until the patent records were digitized, these lists were very tedious to prepare, as many thousands of patent records had to be checked manually. Even after digitization, it is still not a simple process. While the USPTO keeps statistics for annual rankings of inventions assigned to companies, it does not keep rankings of individual inventors. Also, patents predating 1976 have not yet been digitized in the USPTO records. This means that patents before 1976 will not be included in a USPTO search by inventor name, and the number of patents granted before 1976 must be added to current searches.

Popular Science (1936)

In January 1936, Popular Science Magazine published a list of the "most prolific living inventors to be found in America today":

Rank Inventor U.S. Patents
1 John F. O'Connor 949
2 Elihu Thomson 696
3 Carleton Ellis 648
4 Henry A. Wise Wood 434
5 John Hays Hammond Jr. 360
6 Clyde C. Farmer 344
7 Ethan I. Dodds 321
8 Edward Weston 309

Thomas Edison was not included in the list, as he died in 1931, five years earlier.

Time Magazine (2000)

On December 4, 2000, Time Magazine published a list of the "top five inventors".

Rank Inventor U.S. Patents Notable inventions
1 Thomas Edison 1093 Light bulb, phonograph, motion picture, mimeograph, pneumatic stencil pen
2 Melvin De Groote 925 Method to separate crude oil from water, process that adheres chocolate to vanilla ice cream
3 Francis H. Richards 894 Golf-ball-molding machine, air-cushion door spring, high-speed envelope machine
4 Elihu Thomson 696 Electrically operated pipe organ, cream separator, electric welding
5 Jerome Lemelson 554 Bar-code reader, computer-controlled tourniquet, audio cassette-drive mechanism, magnetic-recording system

This list only included U.S. inventors, so omitted Canadian inventor and industrialist George Albert Lyon, with 993 U.S. patents at the time. Also omitted were Japanese inventor Shunpei Yamazaki, who held 745 U.S. patents at the time of publication, John F. O'Connor with 949 patents, and Carleton Ellis, with 753.

USA Today (2005)

On December 13, 2005 USA Today published a list of "the top 10 living U.S. patent holders":

Rank Inventor U.S. Patents
1 Shunpei Yamazaki 1432
2 Donald Weder 1322
3 Kia Silverbrook 810
4 George Spector 723
5 Gurtej Sandhu 576
6 Warren Farnworth 547
7 Salman Akram 527
8 Mark Gardner 512
9 Heinz Focke 508
10 Joseph Straeter 477

This research was performed by ipIQ of Chicago (now "The Patent Board") and 1790 Analytics of New Jersey. This list only considered living inventors, and thus did not include such prolific inventors as Thomas Edison. This list also included design patents, which are not patents for inventions.

Condé Nast Portfolio (2007)

On October 15, 2007 Condé Nast Portfolio Magazine published a list of "the world's most prolific inventors alive":

Rank Inventor U.S. Patents
1 Shunpei Yamazaki 1811
2 Kia Silverbrook 1646
3 Donald Weder 1350
4 George Spector 722
5 Gurtej Sandhu 674
6 Leonard Forbes 671
7 Warren Farnworth 635
8 Salman Akram 612
9 Mark Gardner 515
10 Joseph Straeter 485

This research was performed by The Patent Board, a Chicago patent research and advisory firm. As with the USA Today list, the Portfolio list only considered living inventors, and thus did not include such prolific inventors as Thomas Edison. This list also included design patents, which are not patents for inventions.

Boliven U.S. Patent ranking (2010)

On January 22, 2010, a search on Boliven for the top 25 U.S. Utility patent holders gave the following results:

Rank Inventor U.S. Patents
1 Kia Silverbrook 2845
2 Shunpei Yamazaki 2225
3 George Albert Lyon 987
4 Donald Weder 945
5 Melvin De Groote 935
6 Leonard Forbes 880
7 George Spector 695
8 Warren Farnworth 685
9 Paul Lapstun 671
10 Salman Akram 652
11 Gurtej Sandhu 617
12 William I. Wood 606
13 Audrey Goddard 584
14 Jun Koyama 578
15 Austin L. Gurney 575
16 Takashi Suzuki 555
17 Paul Godowski 552
18 Hiroshi Watanabe 547
19 Henry Dreyfus 524
20 Hiroshi Tanaka 522
21 Clyde Farmer 513
22 John F. O'Connor 510
23 Mark I. Gardner 503
23 Louis H. Morin 503
25 Heinz Focke 491

These results did not include Thomas Edison, Francis H. Richards, Elihu Thomson, or Carleton Ellis as these inventors are not searchable by name at the USPTO, as they predate electronic records.

International patents

On January 22, 2010, a search on Boliven for the top 25 Utility patent holders from the U.S., Europe, Japan, and Korea gave the following results:

Rank Inventor Utility Patents
1 Kia Silverbrook 2995
2 Shunpei Yamazaki 2297
3 George Albert Lyon 987
4 Donald Weder 962
5 Melvin De Groote 935
6 Heinz Focke 925
7 Leonard Forbes 885
8 Paul Lapstun 735
9 George Spector 695
10 Warren Farnworth 692
11 William I. Wood 676
12 Takashi Suzuki 673
13 Salman Akram 656
14 Hiroshi Watanabe 655
15 Audrey Goddard 650
16 Austin L. Gurney 633
17 Gurtej Sandhu 625
18 Hiroshi Tanaka 615
19 Josef Theurer 607
20 Eberhard Ammermann 604
21 Hiroshi Inoue 600
22 Paul J. Godowski 588
23 Hiroshi Sato 586
23 Jun Koyama 586
25 Hiroshi Suzuki 580

These results omitted Thomas Edison, Francis H. Richards, Elihu Thomson, and Carleton Ellis.

Often entities list the worldwide total number of patents that they hold. This is not the same as the number of inventions, as a patent in one country may be for the same invention as a patent in another country. The set of patents covering a single invention in different countries is a Patent family.

Merged list

Merging these five lists and other USPTO searches gives:

Rank Inventor Popular Science Time USA Today Portfolio Boliven U.S. International U.S. Utility Patents
Mar 10, 2011 Jan 1936 Dec 4, 2000 Dec 13, 2005 Oct 15, 2007 Jan 22, 2010 Jan 22, 2010 Mar 10, 2011
1 Kia Silverbrook - - 810 1646 2845 2995 3726
2 Shunpei Yamazaki - - 1432 1811 2225 2297 2570
3 Thomas Edison - 1093 - - - 2323 1084
4 George Albert Lyon - - - - 987 987 993
5 John F. O'Connor 949 - - - 510 510 949
5 Donald Weder - - 1322 1350 945 962 949
7 Leonard Forbes - - - 671 880 885 940
8 Melvin De Groote - 925 - - 935 935 925
9 Paul Lapstun - - - - 671 735 920
10 Francis H. Richards - 894 - - - - 894
11 Gurtej Sandhu - - 576 674 617 625 864
12 Carleton Ellis 648 - - - - - 753
13 Warren Farnworth - - 547 635 685 692 734
14 George Spector - - 723 722 695 695 722
15 Elihu Thomson - 696 - - - - 696
16 Salman Akram - - 527 612 652 656 678
17 Jun Koyama - - - - 578 586 663
18 William I. Wood - - - - 606 676 637
19 Josef Theurer - - - - 433 607 623
20 Takashi Suzuki - - - - 555 673 609
21 Audrey Goddard - - - - 584 650 606
22 Jerome Lemelson - 554 - - 315 315 604
23 Austin L. Gurney - - - - 575 633 600
24 Hiroshi Tanaka - - - - 522 615 580
25 Paul J. Godowski - - - - 552 588 575
26 Hiroshi Suzuki - - - - 488 580 564
27 Hiroshi Watanabe - - - - 547 655 561
28 Jay Walker - - - - - - 529
29 Simon Walmsley - - - - - - 528
30 Tetsujiro Kondo - - - - - - 525
31 Henry Dreyfus - - - - 524 524 524
32 Clyde C. Farmer 344 - - - 513 513 513
33 Mark I. Gardner - - 512 515 503 511 511
34 Heinz Focke - - 508 - 491 925 510
35 Louis H. Morin - - - - 503 503 503
36 Hiroshi Sato - - - - 483 586 502
NA Kie Y Ahn - - - - - - 497
NA Hiroshi Inoue - - - - 460 600 483
NA Eberhard Ammermann - - - - 443 604 452
NA Michael J. Sullivan - - - - - - 451
NA Henry A. Wise Wood 434 - - - 292 292 434
NA Honyong Zhang - - - - - - 415
NA John Hays Hammond Jr. 360 - - - 391 391 391
NA Ethan I. Dodds 321 - - - - - 321
NA Edward Weston 309 - - - - - 309
NA Joseph Straeter - - 477 485 216 220 217

Differences in patent numbers between the various lists are due to several reasons:

  • The lists were created on different dates. As many of the inventors in the lists are still active, the number of patents they hold are increasing.
  • While the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is the primary source for U.S. patent information, only patents issued since 1976 can be electronically searched by the inventor's name at the USPTO website. For some of the listed inventors, such as Thomas Edison, all of their patents predate 1976, so other sources must be used. For some inventors, such as Shunpei Yamazaki, some patents predate 1976. The earlier patents must be added to the results of a USPTO search to obtain the complete number.
  • The Time, USA Today and Portfolio lists show the total number of U.S. patents, including patents for designs (Design patents) as well as patents for inventions (Utility patents).
  • The International list includes granted patents from Europe, Korea, and Japan
  • Small discrepancies can also occur in patent numbers given by database searches due to differences in the way that variations in the spelling of an inventor's name are dealt with.

Rankings below number 36 are listed as "not applicable". They are included in this list as a result of merging the previous lists. There are many other inventors with more patents than those marked 'NA', who would appear below number 36 in a complete ranked list. These inventors are not included as they have not appeared in published rankings of prolific inventors.

See also

References

  1. ^ USPTO Utility Patent Search for Kia Silverbrook
  2. USPTO Patent Search for Kia Silverbrook
  3. ^ USPTO Utility Patent Search for Shunpei Yamazaki (add 56 patents issued before 1976)
  4. USPTO Patent Search for Shunpei Yamazaki (add 56 patents issued before 1976)
  5. ^ List of Edison patents
  6. "The Thomas Edison Papers"
  7. ^ Archived Boliven Utility Patent Search for George Albert Lyon(s)
  8. ^ Meet the Champion Inventors Popular Science, vol 128 No 1, January 1936
  9. ^ USPTO Utility Patent Search for Donald Weder
  10. USPTO Patent Search for Donald Weder
  11. ^ USPTO Utility Patent Search for Leonard Forbes
  12. USPTO Patent Search for Leonard Forbes
  13. ^ Man-Made Marvels Time Magazine, Dec 4, 2000
  14. ^ USPTO Utility Patent Search for Paul Lapstun
  15. USPTO Patent Search for Paul Lapstun
  16. Shunpei Yamazaki's 1085th U.S. Utility Patent
  17. The patent where Silverbrook passes Yamazaki
  18. USPTO Patent Search for Shunpei Yamazaki from 1976 to Dec 4, 2000 (add 56 patents issued before 1976)
  19. ^ B. Zorina Khan, The Democratization of Invention: Patents and Copyrights in American Economic Development, 1790-1920 (Cambridge University Press, 2005) pp209-210
  20. You really can find identities of top patent holders USA Today, Dec 13, 2005
  21. ^ The Patent Board website
  22. 1790 Analytics website
  23. Masters of invention Portfolio, October 15, 2007
  24. Ranked results of Boliven search of U.S. utility patents
  25. ^ Archived Boliven.com website
  26. Ranked results of Boliven search of international utility patents
  27. Edison's Foreign Patents (add 1084 U.S. Utility patents)
  28. USPTO Utility Patent Search for Gurtej Sandhu
  29. USPTO Utility Patent Search for Warren Farnworth
  30. USPTO Utility Patent Search for George Spector (add 26 patents issued before 1976)
  31. USPTO Utility Patent Search for Salman Akram
  32. USPTO Utility Patent Search for Jun Koyama
  33. USPTO Utility Patent Search for William I. Wood
  34. USPTO Utility Patent Search for Josef Theurer (add 250 patents issued before 1976)
  35. USPTO Utility Patent Search for Takashi Suzuki
  36. USPTO Utility Patent Search for Audrey Goddard
  37. USPTO Utility Patent Search for Jerome Lemelson (add 269 patents issued before 1976)
  38. USPTO Utility Patent Search for Austin L. Gurney
  39. USPTO Utility Patent Search for Hiroshi Tanaka
  40. USPTO Utility Patent Search for Paul J. Godowski
  41. USPTO Utility Patent Search for Hiroshi Suzuki
  42. USPTO Utility Patent Search for Hiroshi Watanabe
  43. USPTO Utility Patent Search for Jay Walker
  44. USPTO Utility Patent Search for Simon Walmsley
  45. USPTO Utility Patent Search for Tetsujiro Kondo
  46. Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation
  47. USPTO Utility Patent Search for Mark I. Gardner
  48. USPTO Utility Patent Search for Heinz Focke
  49. USPTO Utility Patent Search for Hiroshi Sato
  50. USPTO Utility Patent Search for Kie Y Ahn
  51. USPTO Utility Patent Search for Hiroshi Inoue
  52. USPTO Utility Patent Search for Eberhard Ammermann
  53. USPTO Utility Patent Search for Michael Sullivan
  54. USPTO Utility Patent Search for Honyong Zhang
  55. USPTO Utility Patent Search for Joseph Straeter
  56. USPTO Patent Search website
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