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| {{About|the food}} | |||
| ] upper crust]] | |||
| ]'', a French variation on apple pie]] | |||
| An '''apple pie''' is a fruit ] (or tart) in which the principal filling ingredient is ]s. It is sometimes served with ] or ] on top. Pastry is generally used top-and-bottom, making it a double-crust pie, the upper crust of which may be a disk shaped crust or a pastry lattice woven of strips; exceptions are deep-dish apple pie with a top crust only, and open-face ]. | |||
| ==Ingredients== | |||
| ]s (''culinary apples'', colloquially ''cookers''), such as the ] or ], are crisp and acidic. The fruit for the pie can be fresh, canned, or reconstituted from ]s. This affects the final texture, and the length of cooking time required; whether it has an effect on the flavour of the pie is a matter of opinion. Dried or preserved apples were originally substituted only at times when fresh ] was unavailable. | |||
| ===The English pudding=== | |||
| ] | |||
| English apple pie recipes go back to the time of ]. The 1381 recipe (see illustration at right) lists the ingredients as ''good ]s, good ]s, ]s, ]s and ]s.'' The ''cofyn'' of the recipe is a casing of pastry. ] is used for colouring the pie filling. | |||
| In English speaking countries, apple pie is a dessert of enduring popularity, eaten hot or cold, on its own or with ], ], or ]. | |||
| ====Absence of sugar in early English recipe==== | |||
| Most modern recipes for apple pie require an ounce or two of ], but the earliest recipe does not. There are two possible reasons. | |||
| ] imported from ] was not widely available in 14th century ], where it cost between one and two ]s per ] — this is roughly the equivalent of US$100 per kg (about US$50 per pound) in today's prices.<ref></ref> | |||
| The absence of sugar in the recipe may instead indicate that, because refined sugar was a recent introduction from the Orient, the medieval English did not have quite as sweet a tooth as their descendants. Honey, which was many times cheaper, is also absent from the recipe, and the "good spices" and saffron, all imported, were no less expensive and difficult to obtain than refined sugar. Despite the expense, refined sugar did appear much more often in published recipes of the time than honey, suggesting that it was not considered prohibitively expensive. With the exception of apples and pears, all the ingredients in the filling probably had to be imported. And perhaps, as in some modern "sugar-free" recipes, the juice of the pears was intended to sweeten the pie. | |||
| ===Dutch style=== | |||
| ] | |||
| ], Thailand, showing the filling]] | |||
| ] apple pie (''appeltaart'' or ''appelgebak'') recipes are distinct in that they typically call for flavourings such as ] and ] to be added. Dutch apple pies are usually decorated in a lattice style. Dutch apple pies may include ingredients such as raisins and icing, in addition to ingredients such as apples and sugar, which they have in common with other recipes.{{Citation needed|date=December 2008}} | |||
| Recipes for Dutch apple pie go back centuries. There exists a painting from the ], dated 1626, featuring such a pie. | |||
| The basis of Dutch apple pie is a crust on the bottom and around the edges. This is then filled with pieces or slices of ], usually a crisp and mildly tart variety such as ] or ]. ] and ] are generally mixed in with the apple filling. The filling can be sprinkled with ] for taste although this is very uncommon. Atop the filling, strands of ] cover the ] in a ], holding the filling in place but keeping it visible. Though it can be eaten cold, warmed is more common, with a dash of whipped cream or vanilla ice cream. In the Netherlands it is usually eaten cold, sometimes with whipped cream on top. | |||
| ===Swedish style=== | |||
| The ] style apple pie differs from the English and Dutch style, in that it uses no pastry and hence has no crust. Simply, the apples are sliced and placed in the baking dish, the lightly spiced dough is mixed and then poured over the apples, and the whole lot placed in a pre-heated oven, making for quick and simple preparation and cooking. The resultant pie is akin to a hot cake, where by the apples are held in suspension and softened by the dough. | |||
| {{Clear}} | |||
| ==Apple pie in American culture==<!-- This section is linked from ] --> | |||
| ] cultural icons.]] | |||
| In the English colonies the apple pie had to wait for carefully planted pips, brought in barrels across the ], to become fruit-bearing apple trees, to be selected for their cooking qualities. In the meantime, the ] were more likely to make their pies, or "]", from meat rather than fruit; and the main use for apples, once they were available, was in ]. But there are American apple pie recipes, both manuscript and printed, from the eighteenth century, and it has since become a very popular dessert. | |||
| A '''mock apple pie''' made from ]s was apparently invented by ] on the move during the nineteenth century who were bereft of apples. In the 1930s, and for many years afterwards, ] promoted a recipe for mock apple pie using its product, along with sugar and various spices. | |||
| Although apple pies have been eaten since long before the ], "as American as apple pie" is a saying in the United States, meaning "typically American".<ref></ref> The dish was also commemorated in the phrase "for Mom and apple pie" - supposedly the stock answer of American soldiers in ], whenever journalists asked why they were going to war.<ref>http://piemaven.com/idioms.htm Pie idioms on PieMaven</ref> | |||
| Advertisers exploited the patriotic connection in the 1970s with the commercial jingle "], ], apple pie and ]". There are claims that the Apple Marketing Board of New York State used such slogans as "An apple a day keeps the doctor away" and "as American as apple pie!", and thus "was able to successfully 'rehabilitate' the apple as a popular comestible" in the early twentieth century when ] outlawed the production of ]. | |||
| The unincorporated community of ] is named in honour of the apple pie. | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| {{Portal|Food}} | |||
| * Apfelstrudel or ], an ] pie-like dish made with dough, apples, sugar and spices. | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ], a ] variant on apple pie. | |||
| {{clear}} | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| {{cookbook}} | |||
| {{Commons category}} | |||
| * Apple Pie | |||
| *, by Kate Greenaway, 1886. Woodblock printed children's book, based on a much earlier rhyme; from ] | |||
| {{American pies}} | |||
| {{British pies}} | |||
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Revision as of 05:06, 22 May 2011
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