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]] in the italian ], the hometown of Giacomo Micaglia]] ]] in the italian ], the hometown of Giacomo Micaglia]]
'''Jakov Mikalja'''<ref>Hrvatski leksikon 2 L - Ž, Naklada Leksikon d.o.o., Zagreb, 1997, ISBN 953-96728-0-5 </ref> in ], also '''Giacomo Micaglia'''<ref>Ivo Banac, '''' Vol. 6, P. 43, of Mladost, 1991, ISBN 9788676490035 {{hr icon}}</ref><ref>Edward L. Keenan, '''' Harvard University Press ISBN 9780916458966</ref><ref name="lezioni" /><ref name="università" > {{it icon}} </ref><ref> from a croatian mAgazine, ], tried to provide an innovative version about his origins, to demonstrate his Croatian ancestry. {{hr icon}}</ref> in ], ({{lang-la|Jacobus Micalia}}), (March 31, 1601 - December 1, 1654) was a ] and ], born in ], in the Italian region of ], at that time under the ]. He stated he considers himself as an ] of Slavic tongue.<ref name="lezioni" /><ref>Croatian Academy of America, '''', p. 286 Volumes 36-37, 1997 {{hr icon}} {{en icon}}</ref> '''Jakov Mikalja'''<ref>Hrvatski leksikon 2 L - Ž, Naklada Leksikon d.o.o., Zagreb, 1997, ISBN 953-96728-0-5 </ref> in ], also '''Giacomo Micaglia'''<ref>Ivo Banac, '''' Vol. 6, P. 43, of Mladost, 1991, ISBN 9788676490035 {{hr icon}}</ref><ref>Edward L. Keenan, '''' Harvard University Press ISBN 9780916458966</ref><ref name="lezioni" /><ref name="università" > {{it icon}} </ref><ref> from a croatian magazine, ], tried to provide an innovative version about his origins, to demonstrate his Croatian ancestry. {{hr icon}}</ref> in ], ({{lang-la|Jacobus Micalia}}), (March 31, 1601 - December 1, 1654) was a ] and ], born in ], in the Italian region of ], at that time under the ]. He said about himself to be "''an Italian of Slavic language''" <ref></ref><ref></ref>.


==Life== ==Life==

Micaglia was born in ]<ref>in ]: ''Pještica''</ref>, a small town on the ] peninsula that years before (about 970)<ref>''Cod. Dipl. Tremiti'', document n.47</ref><ref>''«Ser Antonio de Stephano de Ragusio et Ser Marco de Johanne fanno costruire in società una nave de la portata de carra 250. Ditta costruzione debia avvenire in terra Peschice. La dispesa sarà di ducati 500»'' Cod. Dipl. Barl., 1570 vol. 10, n.28></ref><ref>''“In Peschice de Gargano si costruisce una nave pro parte Johannis de Natali de Ragusio, Baroli commorantis”. Il calefatore è Marinus de Ragusio.''Cod. Dipl. Barl., 1570 vol. 10, n.380></ref> was a Croat settlement<ref name="lezioni">{{it icon}}</ref><ref>{{hr icon}} ]: Hrvatski korijeni Peschichija, Nov 3, 1998 </ref> and that time entertained fruitful trade with ] and the towns on the ] coast.<ref>''«Ser Antonio de Stephano de Ragusio et Ser Marco de Johanne fanno costruire in società una nave de la portata de carra 250. Ditta costruzione debia avvenire in terra Peschice. La dispesa sarà di ducati 500»'' Cod. Dipl. Barl., 1570 vol. 10, n.28></ref><ref>''“In Peschice de Gargano si costruisce una nave pro parte Johannis de Natali de Ragusio, Baroli commorantis”. Il calefatore è Marinus de Ragusio.''Cod. Dipl. Barl., 1570 vol. 10, n.380></ref><br/> Micaglia was born in ]<ref>in ]: ''Pještica''</ref>, a small town on the ] peninsula that six centuries before (about 970)<ref>''Cod. Dipl. Tremiti'', document n.47</ref><ref>''«Ser Antonio de Stephano de Ragusio et Ser Marco de Johanne fanno costruire in società una nave de la portata de carra 250. Ditta costruzione debia avvenire in terra Peschice. La dispesa sarà di ducati 500»'' Cod. Dipl. Barl., 1570 vol. 10, n.28></ref><ref>''“In Peschice de Gargano si costruisce una nave pro parte Johannis de Natali de Ragusio, Baroli commorantis”. Il calefatore è Marinus de Ragusio.''Cod. Dipl. Barl., 1570 vol. 10, n.380></ref> was a settlement of Croat refugees<ref name="lezioni">{{it icon}}</ref><ref>{{hr icon}} ]: Hrvatski korijeni Peschichija, Nov 3, 1998 </ref> and that in those years entertained fruitful trade with ] and the city-states on the ] coast (like the ]).<ref>''«Ser Antonio de Stephano de Ragusio et Ser Marco de Johanne fanno costruire in società una nave de la portata de carra 250. Ditta costruzione debia avvenire in terra Peschice. La dispesa sarà di ducati 500»'' Cod. Dipl. Barl., 1570 vol. 10, n.28></ref><ref>''“In Peschice de Gargano si costruisce una nave pro parte Johannis de Natali de Ragusio, Baroli commorantis”. Il calefatore è Marinus de Ragusio.''Cod. Dipl. Barl., 1570 vol. 10, n.380></ref><br/>
He was the great-uncle of ] (1676 – 1748), the ] born in ], few kilometers by Peschici.<ref>'''' G. Recuperati, 2005</ref><ref name="università"> {{it icon}} </ref> About it Giannone writes that ''«Scipio Giannone'' (his father)'' had married in Ischitella in 1677 Lucretia Micaglia, daughter of Matteo Micaglia from Peschici and Isabella Sabatello.»''<ref>{{it icon}} </ref> He was the great-uncle of ] (1676 – 1748), the ] born in ], few kilometers by Peschici.<ref>'''' G. Recuperati, 2005</ref><ref name="università"> {{it icon}} </ref> About it Giannone writes that ''«Scipio Giannone'' (his father)'' had married in Ischitella in 1677 Lucretia Micaglia, daughter of Matteo Micaglia from Peschici and Isabella Sabatello.»''<ref>{{it icon}} </ref>


====The missions in the Republic of Ragusa and in the Banat==== ====The missions in the Republic of Ragusa and in the Banat====
Because of his knowledge of the ], Micaglja was dispatched to the ] by the ]. It was the time of ] and the ] wished to restore its power in the ] as well. For four years (1630-1633) Mikalja taught grammar at the Jesuit College in ] (Dubrovnik). There he wrote ''"Latin grammar for Illyrian students"'' after ] (''De institutione grammatica pro Illyricis accommodata'', 1637). Because of his knowledge of the ], Micaglia was dispatched to the ] by the ]. It was the time of ] and the ] wished to restore its power in the ] as well. For four years (1630-1633) he taught grammar at the Jesuit College in ] (actual Dubrovnik). There he wrote ''"Latin grammar for Illyrian students"'' after ] (''De institutione grammatica pro Illyricis accommodata'', 1637).


A few years later, in 1636, Mikalja sent a letter to the ], proposing a reform of the ] for the needs of the Croatian language. A few years later, in 1636, Micaglia sent a letter to the ], proposing a reform of the ] for the needs of the Croatian language.


He discussed the same issue in the chapter ''"On ] ]"''{{Fact|date=July 2007}}<!-- original title of the chapter, please --> of his work in Croatian ''"God-Loving Thoughts on the ] Taken from the Books of St. ], the Angelic Doctor"'' (], 1642). From 1637 to 1645 he was a missionary among the Catholics in ] in the ] (present day ]). He discussed the same issue in the chapter ''"On ] ]"''{{Fact|date=July 2007}}<!-- original title of the chapter, please --> of his work in Croatian ''"God-Loving Thoughts on the ] Taken from the Books of St. ], the Angelic Doctor"'' (], 1642). From 1637 to 1645 he was a missionary among the Catholics in ] in the ] (present day ]).
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Micaglia's greatest work is ''"Thesaurus of Slovinian'' (Croatian) ''Language and Slovinian'' (Croatian) ''Dictionary (where Croatian words are translated in Italian and Latin)"''. It was first printed in ] in 1649, but a better printing press was needed, so it was completed in ] in 1651. The dictionary was a Jesuits project, an instrument to fight the ] in the ]s. Micaglia's greatest work is ''"Thesaurus of Slovinian'' (Croatian) ''Language and Slovinian'' (Croatian) ''Dictionary (where Croatian words are translated in Italian and Latin)"''. It was first printed in ] in 1649, but a better printing press was needed, so it was completed in ] in 1651. The dictionary was a Jesuits project, an instrument to fight the ] in the ]s.


It was the first ], with Croatian (under name of "Illyric" or "Slovinian") as the starting language (in the very same dictionary, he treats the terms Croatian, Slovinian and Illyric as synonyms<ref name="IHJJ">{{hr icon}} </ref><ref> </ref><ref name="IHJJ" /> <!-- original homepage where the scanned pictures are from -->). An Important thing to note is that Mikalja names in his dicionary Croatian language as "''Illyric''" or "Slovinian", Italian as ''"Latin"'', which he names as the ''"students' language"'' (diacki). The introduction to the dictionary has a "Latin" dedication, a note to the reader in Italian (''Al benigno lettore''), a presentation of the alphabet and orthography in Latin and Croatian (''Od ortographie jezika slovinskoga ili načina od pisanja''), and an ] in Croatian (''Grammatika Talianska''). It was the first ], with Croatian (under name of "Illyric" or "Slovinian") as the starting language (in the very same dictionary, he treats the terms Croatian, Slovinian and Illyric as synonyms<ref name="IHJJ">{{hr icon}} </ref><ref> </ref><ref name="IHJJ" /> <!-- original homepage where the scanned pictures are from -->). An Important thing to note is that Micaglia names in his dicionary Croatian language as "''Illyric''" or "Slovinian", Italian as ''"Latin"'', which he names as the ''"students' language"'' (diacki). The introduction to the dictionary has a "Latin" dedication, a note to the reader in Italian (''Al benigno lettore''), a presentation of the alphabet and orthography in Latin and Croatian (''Od ortographie jezika slovinskoga ili načina od pisanja''), and an ] in Croatian (''Grammatika Talianska'').


Mikalja explains in the foreword that he chose the ] dialect because "everyone says that the Bosnian language is the most beautiful one" (''"Ogn'un dice che la lingua Bosnese sia la piu bella"''). Bosnian is identified as the ] of the local ] languages. The dictionary, intended primarily to teach students and young Jesuits, has around 25,000 words. It belongs to the corpse of dictionaries in Shtokavian dialect, with some Chakavian parts, and even Kaykavian lexic as entry or synonym.<ref name="IHJJ" /> Mikalja's dictionary is regarded as a Croatian dictionary<ref name="lezioni" /> by mainstream lexicographers and linguists. Micaglia explains in the foreword that he chose the ] dialect because "everyone says that the Bosnian language is the most beautiful one" (''"Ogn'un dice che la lingua Bosnese sia la piu bella"''). Bosnian is identified as the ] of the local ] languages. The dictionary, intended primarily to teach students and young Jesuits, has around 25,000 words. It belongs to the corpse of dictionaries in Shtokavian dialect, with some Chakavian parts, and even Kaykavian lexic as entry or synonym.<ref name="IHJJ" /> Mikalja's dictionary is regarded as a Croatian dictionary<ref name="lezioni" /> by mainstream lexicographers and linguists.


From the cultural point of view, Mikalja's work was influenced by earlier works of ] (Fausto Veranzio) and ], and it influenced the ] circle of lexicographers (among them Franciscans ] and ]), both in Croatia and in ]. His work is an integral part of ]. From the cultural point of view, Micaglia's work was influenced by earlier works of Fausto Veranzio and ], and it influenced the ] circle of lexicographers (among them Franciscans ] and Tomo Babić), both in Croatia and in ]. His work is an integral part of ].


==Works== ==Works==

*''Bogoljubno razmiscgljanje od ocenascja Pokupgljeno iz kgniga Svetoga Tomme od Aquina Nauciteglja Anghjelskoga'' (God-Loving Thoughts on the Lord's Prayer Taken from the Books of St Thomas Aquinas, the Angelic Doctor, Bratislava, 1642) *''Bogoljubno razmiscgljanje od ocenascja Pokupgljeno iz kgniga Svetoga Tomme od Aquina Nauciteglja Anghjelskoga'' (God-Loving Thoughts on the Lord's Prayer Taken from the Books of St Thomas Aquinas, the Angelic Doctor, Bratislava, 1642)
*'' Blago jezika slovinskoga ili Slovnik u Komu izgovarajuse rjeci slovinske Latinski, i Diacki. Thesaurus linguae Illyricae sive Dictionarium Illyricum. In quo verba Illyrica Italice, et Latine redduntur, Romae: et sumptibus Sacrae congregationis de propaganda fide impressum, Loreto, apud Paulum et Io. Baptistam Seraphinum, 1649'' (Thesaurus of Croatian language or a Croatian Dictionary, where Croatian words are translated in Italian and Latin)'' (Ancona, 1651). *'' Blago jezika slovinskoga ili Slovnik u Komu izgovarajuse rjeci slovinske Latinski, i Diacki. Thesaurus linguae Illyricae sive Dictionarium Illyricum. In quo verba Illyrica Italice, et Latine redduntur, Romae: et sumptibus Sacrae congregationis de propaganda fide impressum, Loreto, apud Paulum et Io. Baptistam Seraphinum, 1649'' (Thesaurus of Croatian language or a Croatian Dictionary, where Croatian words are translated in Italian and Latin)'' (Ancona, 1651).

Revision as of 03:50, 18 July 2011

Micaglia's dictionary
View of Peschici in the italian Province of Foggia, the hometown of Giacomo Micaglia

Jakov Mikalja in Croatian, also Giacomo Micaglia in Italian, (Template:Lang-la), (March 31, 1601 - December 1, 1654) was a linguist and lexicographer, born in Peschici, in the Italian region of Apulia, at that time under the Kingdom of Naples. He said about himself to be "an Italian of Slavic language" .

Life

Micaglia was born in Peschici, a small town on the Gargano peninsula that six centuries before (about 970) was a settlement of Croat refugees and that in those years entertained fruitful trade with Venice and the city-states on the Dalmatian coast (like the Republic of Ragusa).
He was the great-uncle of Pietro Giannone (1676 – 1748), the historian born in Ischitella, few kilometers by Peschici. About it Giannone writes that «Scipio Giannone (his father) had married in Ischitella in 1677 Lucretia Micaglia, daughter of Matteo Micaglia from Peschici and Isabella Sabatello.»

The missions in the Republic of Ragusa and in the Banat

Because of his knowledge of the Croatian language, Micaglia was dispatched to the Republic of Ragusa by the Jesuit order. It was the time of Counter-Reformation and the Catholic Church wished to restore its power in the Balkans as well. For four years (1630-1633) he taught grammar at the Jesuit College in Ragusa (actual Dubrovnik). There he wrote "Latin grammar for Illyrian students" after Emanuel Alvares (De institutione grammatica pro Illyricis accommodata, 1637).

A few years later, in 1636, Micaglia sent a letter to the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith, proposing a reform of the Latin alphabet for the needs of the Croatian language.

He discussed the same issue in the chapter "On Slavic Orthography" of his work in Croatian "God-Loving Thoughts on the Lord's Prayer Taken from the Books of St. Thomas Aquinas, the Angelic Doctor" (Bratislava, 1642). From 1637 to 1645 he was a missionary among the Catholics in Timişoara in the Banat (present day Romania).

He came back to Italy, where he was confessor in Slavic languages at the Basilica della Santa Casa in Loreto, from 1645 till his death in that town.

Dictionary

View of the Loreto Basilica, where Micaglia spent his last years.

Micaglia's greatest work is "Thesaurus of Slovinian (Croatian) Language and Slovinian (Croatian) Dictionary (where Croatian words are translated in Italian and Latin)". It was first printed in Loreto in 1649, but a better printing press was needed, so it was completed in Ancona in 1651. The dictionary was a Jesuits project, an instrument to fight the Protestant Reformation in the Balkans.

It was the first Croatian dictionary, with Croatian (under name of "Illyric" or "Slovinian") as the starting language (in the very same dictionary, he treats the terms Croatian, Slovinian and Illyric as synonyms ). An Important thing to note is that Micaglia names in his dicionary Croatian language as "Illyric" or "Slovinian", Italian as "Latin", which he names as the "students' language" (diacki). The introduction to the dictionary has a "Latin" dedication, a note to the reader in Italian (Al benigno lettore), a presentation of the alphabet and orthography in Latin and Croatian (Od ortographie jezika slovinskoga ili načina od pisanja), and an Italian grammar in Croatian (Grammatika Talianska).

Micaglia explains in the foreword that he chose the Bosnian dialect because "everyone says that the Bosnian language is the most beautiful one" ("Ogn'un dice che la lingua Bosnese sia la piu bella"). Bosnian is identified as the Shtokavian dialect of the local South Slavic languages. The dictionary, intended primarily to teach students and young Jesuits, has around 25,000 words. It belongs to the corpse of dictionaries in Shtokavian dialect, with some Chakavian parts, and even Kaykavian lexic as entry or synonym. Mikalja's dictionary is regarded as a Croatian dictionary by mainstream lexicographers and linguists.

From the cultural point of view, Micaglia's work was influenced by earlier works of Fausto Veranzio and Bartolomeo Cassio, and it influenced the Croatian circle of lexicographers (among them Franciscans Divković and Tomo Babić), both in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina. His work is an integral part of development and standardization of Croatian modern language.

Works

  • Bogoljubno razmiscgljanje od ocenascja Pokupgljeno iz kgniga Svetoga Tomme od Aquina Nauciteglja Anghjelskoga (God-Loving Thoughts on the Lord's Prayer Taken from the Books of St Thomas Aquinas, the Angelic Doctor, Bratislava, 1642)
  • Blago jezika slovinskoga ili Slovnik u Komu izgovarajuse rjeci slovinske Latinski, i Diacki. Thesaurus linguae Illyricae sive Dictionarium Illyricum. In quo verba Illyrica Italice, et Latine redduntur, Romae: et sumptibus Sacrae congregationis de propaganda fide impressum, Loreto, apud Paulum et Io. Baptistam Seraphinum, 1649 (Thesaurus of Croatian language or a Croatian Dictionary, where Croatian words are translated in Italian and Latin) (Ancona, 1651).

Printing of the "Thesaurus" was started by Serafini brothers in Loreto in 1649, and completed by O. Beltrano in Ancona in 1651.

References

  1. Hrvatski leksikon 2 L - Ž, Naklada Leksikon d.o.o., Zagreb, 1997, ISBN 953-96728-0-5
  2. Ivo Banac, Hrvatsko jezično pitanje Vol. 6, P. 43, of Mladost, 1991, ISBN 9788676490035 Template:Hr icon
  3. Edward L. Keenan, Josef Dobrovský and the origins of the Igor' tale Harvard University Press ISBN 9780916458966
  4. ^ Template:It icon3. RAI International Online - Lingue diverse dall’italiano in Italia
  5. ^ Template:It icon Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza" - P. Giannone, Vita scritta da lui medesimo
  6. An article from a croatian magazine, Slobodna Dalmacija, tried to provide an innovative version about his origins, to demonstrate his Croatian ancestry. Template:Hr icon
  9. in Croatian: Pještica
  10. Cod. Dipl. Tremiti, document n.47
  11. «Ser Antonio de Stephano de Ragusio et Ser Marco de Johanne fanno costruire in società una nave de la portata de carra 250. Ditta costruzione debia avvenire in terra Peschice. La dispesa sarà di ducati 500» Cod. Dipl. Barl., 1570 vol. 10, n.28>
  12. “In Peschice de Gargano si costruisce una nave pro parte Johannis de Natali de Ragusio, Baroli commorantis”. Il calefatore è Marinus de Ragusio.Cod. Dipl. Barl., 1570 vol. 10, n.380>
  13. Template:Hr icon Vjesnik Inoslav Bešker: Hrvatski korijeni Peschichija, Nov 3, 1998
  14. «Ser Antonio de Stephano de Ragusio et Ser Marco de Johanne fanno costruire in società una nave de la portata de carra 250. Ditta costruzione debia avvenire in terra Peschice. La dispesa sarà di ducati 500» Cod. Dipl. Barl., 1570 vol. 10, n.28>
  15. “In Peschice de Gargano si costruisce una nave pro parte Johannis de Natali de Ragusio, Baroli commorantis”. Il calefatore è Marinus de Ragusio.Cod. Dipl. Barl., 1570 vol. 10, n.380>
  16. The civil and religious experience of Peter Giannone G. Recuperati, 2005
  17. Template:It icon Pietro Giannone Opere Vol. 46, Tomo I
  18. ^ Template:Hr icon IHJJ - About Jakov Mikalja
  19. IHJJ - Scanned page

Bibliography

External links

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