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| {{See also|Nobility in the Kingdom of Hungary}} | {{See also|Nobility in the Kingdom of Hungary}} | ||
| ==Middle ages== | |||
| The Clergy, the Nobility and the Counties and Cities formed the so-called "Hungarian nation" or '''Natio Hungarica''' in the political sense in ],<ref>Slovak Institute (Cleveland, Ohio), , Slovak Institute, 1984, p. 29</ref> irrespective of their ethnic background.<ref name=Ludanyi>{{cite book | The Clergy, the Nobility and the Counties and Cities formed the so-called "Hungarian nation" or '''Natio Hungarica''' in the political sense in ],<ref>Slovak Institute (Cleveland, Ohio), , Slovak Institute, 1984, p. 29</ref> irrespective of their ethnic background.<ref name=Ludanyi>{{cite book | ||
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| |ref=harv | |ref=harv | ||
| |url=http://www.hungarianhistory.com/lib/transy/ | |url=http://www.hungarianhistory.com/lib/transy/ | ||
| |chapterurl=http://www.hungarianhistory.com/lib/transy/transy05.htm }}</ref> The Latin term, Natio Hungarica referred only to those groups with the right to representation in the diet: the ], the ] clergy, and a few enfranchised burghers.<ref>John M. Merriman, J. M. Winter, Europe 1789 to 1914: encyclopedia of the age of industry and empire, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006, p. 140, ISBN 978-0-684-31359-7</ref> The term included only the land-owning nobility and not the peasantry.<ref>Katerina Zacharia, Hellenisms: culture, identity, and ethnicity from antiquity to modernity, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2008, p. 237 ISBN 978-0-754-66525-0</ref> The Hungarian Kingdom was not a ] in the modern sense of the word,<ref name=Ludanyi/> but a ], inhabited by ], ], ], ], ], ] and ], in which the ] held the dominant position.<ref name=Ludanyi/> This situation was not unique as the ] does not offer examples of nation states.<ref name=Ludanyi/> An individual belonged to the "Hungarian Nation" if he or she resided under the authority of the ], in the ].<ref name=Ludanyi/> | |chapterurl=http://www.hungarianhistory.com/lib/transy/transy05.htm }}</ref> The Latin term, Natio Hungarica referred only to those groups with the right to representation in the diet: the ], the ] clergy, and a few enfranchised burghers.<ref>John M. Merriman, J. M. Winter, Europe 1789 to 1914: encyclopedia of the age of industry and empire, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006, p. 140, ISBN 978-0-684-31359-7</ref> The term included only the land-owning nobility and not the peasantry.<ref>Katerina Zacharia, Hellenisms: culture, identity, and ethnicity from antiquity to modernity, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2008, p. 237 ISBN 978-0-754-66525-0</ref> The Hungarian Kingdom was not a ] in the modern sense of the word,<ref name=Ludanyi/> but a ], inhabited by ], ], ], ], ], ] and ], in which the ] held the dominant position.<ref name=Ludanyi/> This situation was not unique as the ] does not offer examples of nation states.<ref name=Ludanyi/> An individual belonged to the "Hungarian Nation" if he or she resided under the authority of the ], in the ].<ref name=Ludanyi/> | ||
| ==Modern ages== | |||
| Natio Hungarica began to mean the privileged group that had corporate political rights of parliamentary representation, i.e. the prelates, the magnates and the nobles. The Natio Hungarica made no ethnic distinctions. This conception was accepted in ] of 1711 and in the ] of 1722; it remained valid until 1848. ] indirectly demanded that all people (including peasants) living in the Kingdom of Hungary have their own representatives in the Diet. He indicated thenew constitutional subjectthat is all the peoples in the Kingdom of Hungary should become the Natio Hungarica. This involved the amendment of the meaning of the traditional class concept Natio Hungarica and the extension of its frame to all the peoples in the Hungarian Kingdom. His attempt at the transformation of all the peoples in kingdom into Natio Hungarica constituted an attempt at the transformation of all ] in Hungarian Kingdom into Natio Hungarica. Thus, the extension of its frame to all the nationalities involved the notion that a Hungarian political nation should consist of the Magyars, the Romanians, the Croats, the Serbs, the Ruthenians, the Germans and the Slovaks as nationalities.Štúr initiated the formation of a Hungarian political nation consisting of many nationalities, which was different from the Hungarian nation formed only by Magyars through ]. ] had already identified the historical-political rights of king and corporations in the Kingdom of Hungary with the national rights of the | |||
| Magyars.<ref>http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/coe21/publish/no15_ses/09_nakazawa.pdf Regions in Central and Eastern Europe: Past and Present. 20007. Tadayuki Hayashi and Fukuda Hiroshi</ref> | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 09:13, 24 August 2011
See also: Nobility in the Kingdom of HungaryMiddle ages
The Clergy, the Nobility and the Counties and Cities formed the so-called "Hungarian nation" or Natio Hungarica in the political sense in Kingdom of Hungary, irrespective of their ethnic background. The Latin term, Natio Hungarica referred only to those groups with the right to representation in the diet: the nobility, the Catholic clergy, and a few enfranchised burghers. The term included only the land-owning nobility and not the peasantry. The Hungarian Kingdom was not a nation state in the modern sense of the word, but a multiethnic country, inhabited by Hungarians, Croats, Germans, Romanians, Ruthenes, Serbs and Slovaks, in which the Nobility of the Kingdom of Hungary held the dominant position. This situation was not unique as the medieval period does not offer examples of nation states. An individual belonged to the "Hungarian Nation" if he or she resided under the authority of the King of Hungary, in the Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen.
Modern ages
Natio Hungarica began to mean the privileged group that had corporate political rights of parliamentary representation, i.e. the prelates, the magnates and the nobles. The Natio Hungarica made no ethnic distinctions. This conception was accepted in Szatmar Treaty of 1711 and in the Pragmatic Sanction of 1722; it remained valid until 1848. Štúr indirectly demanded that all people (including peasants) living in the Kingdom of Hungary have their own representatives in the Diet. He indicated thenew constitutional subjectthat is all the peoples in the Kingdom of Hungary should become the Natio Hungarica. This involved the amendment of the meaning of the traditional class concept Natio Hungarica and the extension of its frame to all the peoples in the Hungarian Kingdom. His attempt at the transformation of all the peoples in kingdom into Natio Hungarica constituted an attempt at the transformation of all ethnic groups in Hungarian Kingdom into Natio Hungarica. Thus, the extension of its frame to all the nationalities involved the notion that a Hungarian political nation should consist of the Magyars, the Romanians, the Croats, the Serbs, the Ruthenians, the Germans and the Slovaks as nationalities.Štúr initiated the formation of a Hungarian political nation consisting of many nationalities, which was different from the Hungarian nation formed only by Magyars through magyarisation. Lajos Kossuth had already identified the historical-political rights of king and corporations in the Kingdom of Hungary with the national rights of the Magyars.
References
Notes
- Slovak Institute (Cleveland, Ohio), , Slovak Institute, 1984, p. 29
- ^ Ludanyi, Andrew; Cadzow, John F.; Elteto, Louis J. (1983). "The Multiethnic Character of the Hungarian Kingdom in the Later Middle Ages; THE NATIO HUNGARICA, by L.S. DOMONKOS". Transylvania, THE ROOTS OF ETHNIC CONFLICT. The Kent State University Press. ISBN 0-87338-283-8.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|ref=harv(help); Unknown parameter|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - John M. Merriman, J. M. Winter, Europe 1789 to 1914: encyclopedia of the age of industry and empire, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006, p. 140, ISBN 978-0-684-31359-7
- Katerina Zacharia, Hellenisms: culture, identity, and ethnicity from antiquity to modernity, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2008, p. 237 ISBN 978-0-754-66525-0
- http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/coe21/publish/no15_ses/09_nakazawa.pdf Regions in Central and Eastern Europe: Past and Present. 20007. Tadayuki Hayashi and Fukuda Hiroshi
Further reading
- Maxwell, Alexander (2005). Multiple Nationalism: National Concepts in Nineteenth-Century Hungary and Benedict Anderson's “Imagined Communities. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, Volume 11, Issue 3. doi:10.1080/13537110500255619.