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'''SYBR Green I''' ('''SG''') is an asymmetrical ]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Zipper H, Brunner H, Bernhagen J, Vitzthum F |title=Investigations on DNA intercalation and surface binding by SYBR Green I, its structure determination and methodological implications |journal=Nucleic acids research |volume=32 |issue=12 |pages=e103 |year=2004 |pmid=15249599 |pmc=484200 |doi=10.1093/nar/gnh101 |url=}}</ref> used as a ] ] in ]. SYBR Green I binds to ]. The resulting DNA-dye-complex absorbs blue light (λ<sub>max</sub> = 497&nbsp;nm) and emits green light (λ<sub>max</sub> = 520&nbsp;nm). The stain preferentially binds to double-stranded DNA, but will stain single-stranded DNA with lower performance. SYBR green can also stain ] with a lower performance than DNA. '''SYBR Green I''' ('''SG''') is an asymmetrical ]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Zipper H, Brunner H, Bernhagen J, Vitzthum F |title=Investigations on DNA intercalation and surface binding by SYBR Green I, its structure determination and methodological implications |journal=Nucleic Acids Research |volume=32 |issue=12 |pages=e103 |year=2004 |pmid=15249599 |pmc=484200 |doi=10.1093/nar/gnh101 |url=}}</ref> used as a ] ] in ]. SYBR Green I binds to ]. The resulting DNA-dye-complex absorbs blue light (λ<sub>max</sub> = 497&nbsp;nm) and emits green light (λ<sub>max</sub> = 520&nbsp;nm). The stain preferentially binds to double-stranded DNA, but will stain single-stranded DNA with lower performance. SYBR green can also stain ] with a lower performance than DNA.


==Uses== ==Uses==

Revision as of 10:11, 15 October 2011

SYBR Green I
Names
IUPAC name N',N'-dimethyl-N--1-phenylquinolin-1-ium-2-yl]-N-propylpropane-1,3-diamine
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Properties
Chemical formula C32H37N4S
Molar mass 509.73 g·mol
Solubility Soluble in Dimethylsulfoxide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). checkY verify (what is  ?) Infobox references
Chemical compound

SYBR Green I (SG) is an asymmetrical cyanine dye used as a nucleic acid stain in molecular biology. SYBR Green I binds to DNA. The resulting DNA-dye-complex absorbs blue light (λmax = 497 nm) and emits green light (λmax = 520 nm). The stain preferentially binds to double-stranded DNA, but will stain single-stranded DNA with lower performance. SYBR green can also stain RNA with a lower performance than DNA.

Uses

A sample of herring sperm stained with SYBR green in a cuvette illuminated by blue light in an epifluorescence microscope. The SYBR green in the sample binds to the herring sperm DNA and, once bound, fluoresces giving off green light when illuminated by blue light.
Spectrogram of SYBR Green I

SYBR green finds usage in several areas of biochemistry and molecular biology. It is used as a dye for the quantification of double stranded DNA in some methods of real time PCR. It is also used to visualise DNA in gel electrophoresis. Higher concentrations of SYBR green can be used to stain agarose gels in order to visualise the DNA present. In addition to labelling pure nucleic acids SYBR green can also be used for labelling of DNA within cells for flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. In these cases RNase treatment may be required to reduce background from RNA in the cells.

Safety

SYBR Green I is marketed as a replacement for the mutagen ethidium bromide, as both safer to work with and free from the complex waste disposal issues of ethidium. However anything capable of binding DNA with high affinity is a possible carcinogen, including SYBR.

In a study using the Ames test, which measures the ability of chemicals to cause mutations, when assayed at the same concentration there was no clear pattern in the relative mutagenicities of ethidium bromide and SYBR green I. Ethidium bromide was more mutagenic at higher concentrations, however SYBR green I could not be tested at these concentrations as it was cytotoxic at a much lower concentration than ethidium bromide. SYBR green I readily penetrates living cells, whereas ethidium bromide is efficiently excluded from live cells.

Related dyes

Similar cyanine dyes:

  • SYBR Green II
  • SYBR Gold
  • YO (Oxazole Yellow)
  • TO (Thiazole Orange)
  • PG (PicoGreen)

References

  1. Zipper H, Brunner H, Bernhagen J, Vitzthum F (2004). "Investigations on DNA intercalation and surface binding by SYBR Green I, its structure determination and methodological implications". Nucleic Acids Research. 32 (12): e103. doi:10.1093/nar/gnh101. PMC 484200. PMID 15249599.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. Mackay IM, Arden KE, Nitsche A (2002). "Real-time PCR in virology". Nucleic Acids Res. 30 (6): 1292–305. doi:10.1093/nar/30.6.1292. PMC 101343. PMID 11884626. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Singer VL, Lawlor TE, Yue S (1999). "Comparison of SYBR Green I nucleic acid gel stain mutagenicity and ethidium bromide mutagenicity in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome reverse mutation assay (Ames test)". Mutation research. 439 (1): 37–47. PMID 10029672. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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