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{{AfDM|page=CETI Patterson Power Cell (2nd nomination)|year=2011|month=November|day=29|substed=yes|origtag=afdx|help=off}} {{AfDM|page=CETI Patterson Power Cell (2nd nomination)|year=2011|month=November|day=29|substed=yes|origtag=afdx|help=off}}
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{{expert-subject|Energy|date=June 2007}}
⚫ ]
{{Primary sources|date=November 2011}}
⚫ The '''CETI Patterson Power Cell''' is an ] device invented by James A. Patterson,<ref name=NET>Krivit, Steven B. . ''New Energy Times,'' issue 27, March 20, 2008. Retrieved November 26, 2011.</ref> claimed to be generating more energy than it uses. It is one of several ] cells which have been the subject of media interest but little independent testing.


==Patterson Power Cell==
⚫ The '''CETI Patterson Power Cell''' is a patented ] device invented by ].<ref>Krivit, Steven B. . ''New Energy Times,'' issue 27, March 20, 2008. Retrieved November 26, 2011.</ref> The device is composed of a non-conductive housing filled with a large number of small plastic beads coated with ] layers of ] and a metal hydride, as well as a solution of a conductive salt in water, through which an electric current flows.<ref name="patent">{{patent|US|5494559|"System for electrolysis"}}.</ref> During the operation of the device, some of the water in it is reduced to ] and ] gasses and these gasses are allowed to flow out of the device.
===Construction===
⚫ ]
The cell has a non-conductive housing. The cathode is composed of thousands of 1 mm microspheres (co-polymer beads), with a flash coat of copper and multiple layers of electrolytically deposited ] (650 Angstrom) ] and ]. The beads are submerged in water with a lithium sulfur (LiSO4) electrolyte solution. This makes the fluid conductive so that electric current can flow though it.<ref name="patent"> {{patent|US|5494559|"System for electrolysis"}}</ref><ref name=nen/><ref name=ceti/><ref name=newenergytimes/> When asked about reliability Patterson stated: ''"When they don't work, it's mostly due to contamination. If you get any sodium in the system it kills the reaction - and since sodium is one of the more abundant elements, it's hard to keep it out."''<ref name=wired2/> CETI holds at least 3 U.S. patents on the beads.<ref name=newenergytimes/>
<!-- Do try to find the other patents but only those that are relevant, Patterson is said to have over 150 US patents. -->


===Claims and observations===
Dr. Dennis Cravens, a ], worked with Dr. Patterson in 1995 to optimize the heat-generating capacity of the Patterson Power Cell. On December 4, 1995, Patterson and Cravens jointly applied for a United States patent. The patent was granted on March 4, 1997.<ref>. ''System for electrolysis.''</ref>
Its proponents claim that the device uses less than 1 ]s and yet is capable of generating thousands of times this amount of ] which is released as ] after a brief "warm-up" period.<ref>Manning, Jean. "" ''Atlantis Rising''. 1996. 6:37,56. Retrieved December 10, 2007.</ref><ref name=wired2/> This supposedly happens as ] or ] nuclei fuse together to produce heat through some form of ].<ref name="voodoo science">] . Oxford: ], 2002, p. 114–118. Retrieved December 5, 2007.</ref> Initially the byproducts of nuclear fusion had not been detected, e.g. a ] ] and a ] or an <sup>3</sup>He nucleus and a ], leading a vast majority of experts to think that no such fusion is taking place.<ref>Voss, David. ". ''],'' March 1, 1999. Retrieved December 5, 2007. </ref>


It is further claimed that if ] ]s such as ] are present, the cell enables the hydrogen nuclei to fuse with these isotopes, transforming them into stable ] and thus neutralizing the radioactivity; and this would be achieved without releasing any radiation to the environment and without expending any energy.<ref name="voodoo science" /> This claim has never been properly verified.<ref name="voodoo science" /> To date, the neutralization of radioactive isotopes has only been achieved through intense neutron bombardment in a ] or large scale high energy ], at a large expense of energy.<ref name="voodoo science" />
⚫ A Patterson Power Cell was demonstrated<ref>] (November 1998). . ''],'' Issue 6.11, page 8. Retrieved November 28, 2011.</ref> at ''POWER–GEN 95'', a power generation conference and exhibition.
] has conducted research on ] in thin films of metals, including the thin films in the Patterson Power Cell.<ref>G.H. Miley, J.A. Patterson. , J. New Energy, 1996, vol.&nbsp;1, no.&nbsp;3, p.&nbsp;5. Retrieved November 26, 2011.</ref><ref name=nen/><ref name=ceti/>


By using what he refers to as a unique thin-film electrode configuration to isolate the transmutation region and measurements based on neutron activation analysis, Miley claims to have achieved, a quantitative measure of the yield of transmutation products.<ref name=nen/><ref name=ceti/> Results from a thin film (650 Angstrom) nickel coating on 1-mm microspheres in a packed-bed type cell with 1-molar LiSO4-H2O electrolyte had been reported.<ref>2nd International Conference On Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (Miley and Patterson, 1996).</ref> As well as results for thin-film Pd and for multiple Pd/Ni layers. Miley claims the transmutation products in all cases characteristically divide into four major groups with atomic number:
⚫ On February 7, 1996, ] shows ] and ] featured stories about the Patterson Power Cell.<ref> (Video). ], February 7, 1996.</ref>

:Z = 6-18, 22-35, 38-55, and 75-85.<ref name=nen>New Energy News "" VOLUME 4, NUMBER 10 ISSN 1075-0045 FEBRUARY 1997</ref><ref name=ceti>CETI official website "" George H. Miley, G. Name, M.J. Williams, University of Illinois, Department of Nuclear Engineering, James A. Patterson (CETI), J. Nix, D. Cravens (CETI) and H. Hora</ref>

Furthermore, Miley and Patterson claim yields of ~1mg of key elements obtained in a cell containing ~1000 microspheres (~1/2 cc). In several cases over 40 atom % of the metal film consisted of these products after 2 weeks operation.<ref name=nen/><ref name=ceti/>

===Replications===
Scott Little and ] made an independent test and they were unable to measure any excess heat from the cells, but they didn't publish their results outside of their website.<ref>, Scott Little and ]</ref>

] is a nuclear physicist, active in research on ]s (LENR) in ]. He replicated the Patterson Power Cell and he constructed a "Nuclear Battery" that, like the Patterson Power Cell, contains thin films of nickel and palladium.<ref>. ''e-Cat Site'' (blog), October 22, 2011.</ref>

During the 2011 World Green Energy Symposium,<ref>. October 19–21, 2011.</ref> Miley stated that his device continuously produces several hundred watts of energy. <ref> (Video). Miley's report begins at 5 minutes and 30 seconds and his statement about his Nuclear Battery begins at 17 minutes and 55 seconds.</ref> <ref>G.H. Miley, J.A. Patterson: ''Nuclear transmutations in thin-film nickel coatings undergoing electrolysis'', ], , p.&nbsp;19–32</ref><ref>George H. Miley, Heinrich Hora, Andrei Lipson, Sung-O. Kim, Nie Luo, Carlos H. Costano G., Taeho Woo. . In ''The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science,'' 2002. Beijing: ].</ref><ref>Xiaoling Yang, George H. Miley, Heinz Hora. . ''] Conference Proceedings,'' March 16, 2009, vol. 1103, pp. 450–458.</ref>

Quintin Bowles, was professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Missouri in Kansas City at the time. Bowles also claimed to have successfully replicated the Patterson power cell. <ref name=nightline/><ref name="voodoo science"/>

===Demonstrations===
In April 1995, at the Fifth International Conference on Cold Fusion (ICCF5) CETI demonstrated a cell with input of 0.14 watts and a peak excess of 2.5 watts, a ratio of 1:18.<ref name=newenergytimes/>
In October 1995, at the 16th biannual Symposium on Fusion Engineering (SOFE '95) the University of Illinois showed a CETI cell with 0.06 watts input and 5 watts peak output, a ratio of 1:83.<ref name=newenergytimes/>
December 5-7, 1995, a 1-kilowatt cold fusion reactor, manufactured by Clean Energy Technologies, Inc. (CETI), was demonstrated at ''POWER–GEN 95'' in Anaheim (a power generation conference and exhibition).
<ref name=newenergytimes>http://newenergytimes.com/v2/commerce/ceti/CETI-ColdFusionTechnologyMagazine.shtml</ref><ref>. Sponsored by ]. Held at the ], Anaheim, California: December 5–7, 1995.</ref><ref name=wired2>] ""</ref> During the demonstration, the electrical input was between 0.1 and 1.5 Watt, and the heat output between 450 and 1,300 Watt, ratios ranged from 1:1000 to 1:4000.<ref name=newenergytimes/>

⚫ On February 7, 1996, ] shows ] and ] featured stories about the Patterson Power Cell.<ref name=nightline>Nightline report (Video: February 7, 1996) on the Patterson Power Cell: ; ; ; .</ref>

On June 11, 1997, Good Morning America did a follow up with a public demonstration<ref name="voodoo science" /><ref>, June 11, 1997. Transcribed by '']'' magazine.</ref> but they didn't measure the radioactivity of the beads after the test, thus it can't be discarded that the beads had simply absorbed the uranium ions and become radioactive themselves.<ref name="voodoo science" />

Also in 1997, the Lightworks studio documentary film ''Free Energy - The Race To Zero Point'' was released. The documentary, narrated by Bill Jenkins, shows many controversial energy technologies including a section on the Paterson cell.<ref>{{cite video | people=Bill Jenkins | date=1997-06-16 | url=http://www.lightworksav.com/freeenergy-theracetozeropointvhs.aspx | title=Free Energy - The race to zero point | medium=VHS | location=United States | publisher=Lightworks Audio Video}} contains a segment on the Patterson Power Cell, beginning at 44 minutes and 51 seconds.</ref>

== James A. Patterson ==
Dr. James Patterson(- 2008<ref></ref>) of Sarasota, Florida was granted over 150 U.S. patents in a variety of technical disciplines.<ref name=pressrelease> forwarded by ]</ref>

== Clean Energy Technologies Inc. ==

Since its foundation in 1995 Clean Energy Technologies Inc.(CETI), of Dallas Texas, has spent about $2 million on research, much of it family money, a large fraction was used to pay for patents.<ref name=wired2/> James Patterson's grandson, Jim Reding, served as CETI's CEO.<ref name=wired2/>

{{Quotation|We just finished a $2.5 offering about nine months ago. That enabled us to hire a president, Jack St.Genis, who was a very senior manager at Matsushita, NEC, and IBM. And Lou Furlong joined us six months ago as director of research, formerly at Exxon. Altogether we have 10 people here. Now we're going to raise another $5 million for three projects. The first is filtering tritium from waste water out of fission reactors, using a different invention of Dr. Patterson's. The second project is neutralizing other forms of radioactivity. The third is power cells. When the first venture creates revenue, we'll spin that out and use it as liquidity to raise capital for the other two.|Jim Reding<ref name=wired2/>|}}

==See also==
* ]
* ]
* ]


==References== ==References==
Line 16: Line 64:


==Further reading== ==Further reading==
* Miley, G.H. and J.A. Patterson (1996). . ''Journal of New Energy,'' '''1'''(3): p. 5. Retrieved November 19, 2011.
* . ''e-Cat Site'', October 22, 2011. Retrieved November 19, 2011.
* Bailey, Patrick and Fox, Hal (October 20, 1997). Retrieved November 19, 2011. An of this paper appears in: Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, 1997; Proceedings of the 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Publication Date: 27 Jul-1 Aug 1997. Volume 4, pages 2289–2294. Meeting Date: 07/27/1997 - 08/01/1997. Location: Honolulu, HI, USA. ISBN 0-7803-4515-0 * Bailey, Patrick and Fox, Hal (October 20, 1997). Retrieved November 19, 2011. An of this paper appears in: Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, 1997; Proceedings of the 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Publication Date: 27 Jul-1 Aug 1997. Volume 4, pages 2289–2294. Meeting Date: 07/27/1997 - 08/01/1997. Location: Honolulu, HI, USA. ISBN 0-7803-4515-0
⚫ * ] (November 1998). . ''],'' Issue 6.11, page 7. Retrieved November 19, 2011.
* (page 2). ''],'' October 21, 1999. Retrieved November 19, 2011.
* (Video; 3 minutes and 59 seconds).
* (Video; 9 minutes and 38 seconds).


]
] ]
] ]
] ]
]

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The CETI Patterson Power Cell is an electrolysis device invented by James A. Patterson, claimed to be generating more energy than it uses. It is one of several cold fusion cells which have been the subject of media interest but little independent testing.

Patterson Power Cell

Construction

Drawing of the Cell.

The cell has a non-conductive housing. The cathode is composed of thousands of 1 mm microspheres (co-polymer beads), with a flash coat of copper and multiple layers of electrolytically deposited thin film (650 Angstrom) nickel and palladium. The beads are submerged in water with a lithium sulfur (LiSO4) electrolyte solution. This makes the fluid conductive so that electric current can flow though it. When asked about reliability Patterson stated: "When they don't work, it's mostly due to contamination. If you get any sodium in the system it kills the reaction - and since sodium is one of the more abundant elements, it's hard to keep it out." CETI holds at least 3 U.S. patents on the beads.

Claims and observations

Its proponents claim that the device uses less than 1 watts and yet is capable of generating thousands of times this amount of power which is released as heat after a brief "warm-up" period. This supposedly happens as hydrogen or deuterium nuclei fuse together to produce heat through some form of low energy nuclear reaction. Initially the byproducts of nuclear fusion had not been detected, e.g. a tritium nucleus and a proton or an He nucleus and a neutron, leading a vast majority of experts to think that no such fusion is taking place.

It is further claimed that if radioactive isotopes such as uranium are present, the cell enables the hydrogen nuclei to fuse with these isotopes, transforming them into stable elements and thus neutralizing the radioactivity; and this would be achieved without releasing any radiation to the environment and without expending any energy. This claim has never been properly verified. To date, the neutralization of radioactive isotopes has only been achieved through intense neutron bombardment in a nuclear reactor or large scale high energy particle accelerator, at a large expense of energy.

George H. Miley has conducted research on nuclear transmutations in thin films of metals, including the thin films in the Patterson Power Cell.

By using what he refers to as a unique thin-film electrode configuration to isolate the transmutation region and measurements based on neutron activation analysis, Miley claims to have achieved, a quantitative measure of the yield of transmutation products. Results from a thin film (650 Angstrom) nickel coating on 1-mm microspheres in a packed-bed type cell with 1-molar LiSO4-H2O electrolyte had been reported. As well as results for thin-film Pd and for multiple Pd/Ni layers. Miley claims the transmutation products in all cases characteristically divide into four major groups with atomic number:

Z = 6-18, 22-35, 38-55, and 75-85.

Furthermore, Miley and Patterson claim yields of ~1mg of key elements obtained in a cell containing ~1000 microspheres (~1/2 cc). In several cases over 40 atom % of the metal film consisted of these products after 2 weeks operation.

Replications

Scott Little and Hal Puthoff made an independent test and they were unable to measure any excess heat from the cells, but they didn't publish their results outside of their website.

George H. Miley is a nuclear physicist, active in research on low-energy nuclear reactions (LENR) in thin metal films. He replicated the Patterson Power Cell and he constructed a "Nuclear Battery" that, like the Patterson Power Cell, contains thin films of nickel and palladium.

During the 2011 World Green Energy Symposium, Miley stated that his device continuously produces several hundred watts of energy.

Quintin Bowles, was professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Missouri in Kansas City at the time. Bowles also claimed to have successfully replicated the Patterson power cell.

Demonstrations

In April 1995, at the Fifth International Conference on Cold Fusion (ICCF5) CETI demonstrated a cell with input of 0.14 watts and a peak excess of 2.5 watts, a ratio of 1:18. In October 1995, at the 16th biannual Symposium on Fusion Engineering (SOFE '95) the University of Illinois showed a CETI cell with 0.06 watts input and 5 watts peak output, a ratio of 1:83. December 5-7, 1995, a 1-kilowatt cold fusion reactor, manufactured by Clean Energy Technologies, Inc. (CETI), was demonstrated at POWER–GEN 95 in Anaheim (a power generation conference and exhibition). During the demonstration, the electrical input was between 0.1 and 1.5 Watt, and the heat output between 450 and 1,300 Watt, ratios ranged from 1:1000 to 1:4000.

On February 7, 1996, ABC News shows Good Morning America and Nightline featured stories about the Patterson Power Cell.

On June 11, 1997, Good Morning America did a follow up with a public demonstration but they didn't measure the radioactivity of the beads after the test, thus it can't be discarded that the beads had simply absorbed the uranium ions and become radioactive themselves.

Also in 1997, the Lightworks studio documentary film Free Energy - The Race To Zero Point was released. The documentary, narrated by Bill Jenkins, shows many controversial energy technologies including a section on the Paterson cell.

James A. Patterson

Dr. James Patterson(- 2008) of Sarasota, Florida was granted over 150 U.S. patents in a variety of technical disciplines.

Clean Energy Technologies Inc.

Since its foundation in 1995 Clean Energy Technologies Inc.(CETI), of Dallas Texas, has spent about $2 million on research, much of it family money, a large fraction was used to pay for patents. James Patterson's grandson, Jim Reding, served as CETI's CEO.

We just finished a $2.5 offering about nine months ago. That enabled us to hire a president, Jack St.Genis, who was a very senior manager at Matsushita, NEC, and IBM. And Lou Furlong joined us six months ago as director of research, formerly at Exxon. Altogether we have 10 people here. Now we're going to raise another $5 million for three projects. The first is filtering tritium from waste water out of fission reactors, using a different invention of Dr. Patterson's. The second project is neutralizing other forms of radioactivity. The third is power cells. When the first venture creates revenue, we'll spin that out and use it as liquidity to raise capital for the other two.

— Jim Reding

See also

References

  1. Krivit, Steven B. "James 'Doc' Patterson, May 17, 1922 – February 11, 2008". New Energy Times, issue 27, March 20, 2008. Retrieved November 26, 2011.
  2. US 5494559  "System for electrolysis"
  3. ^ New Energy News "Quantitative Observation of Transmutation Products Occurring in Thin-Film Coated Microspheres During Electrolysis" VOLUME 4, NUMBER 10 ISSN 1075-0045 FEBRUARY 1997
  4. ^ CETI official website "Quantitative Observation of Transmutation Products Occurring in Thin-Film Coated Microspheres During Electrolysis" George H. Miley, G. Name, M.J. Williams, University of Illinois, Department of Nuclear Engineering, James A. Patterson (CETI), J. Nix, D. Cravens (CETI) and H. Hora
  5. ^ http://newenergytimes.com/v2/commerce/ceti/CETI-ColdFusionTechnologyMagazine.shtml
  6. ^ Wired "What If Cold Fusion Is Real?"
  7. Manning, Jean. "'Cold Fusion' Breakthrough" Atlantis Rising. 1996. 6:37,56. Retrieved December 10, 2007.
  8. ^ Park, Robert L. Voodoo Science: The Road from Foolishness to Fraud. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002, p. 114–118. Retrieved December 5, 2007.
  9. Voss, David. "Whatever happened to cold fusion?". Physics World, March 1, 1999. Retrieved December 5, 2007. Physicsworld link
  10. G.H. Miley, J.A. Patterson. "Nuclear transmutations in thin-film nickel coatings undergoing electrolysis", J. New Energy, 1996, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 5. Retrieved November 26, 2011.
  11. 2nd International Conference On Low Energy Nuclear Reactions (Miley and Patterson, 1996).
  12. Calorimetric Study of Pd/Ni Beads From the CETI RIFEX Kit, Scott Little and Hal Puthoff
  13. "Dr. George Miley Replicates Patterson, Names Rossi". e-Cat Site (blog), October 22, 2011.
  14. "2011 World Green Energy Symposium". October 19–21, 2011.
  15. Cold Fusion – A Discussion (Video). Miley's report begins at 5 minutes and 30 seconds and his statement about his Nuclear Battery begins at 17 minutes and 55 seconds.
  16. G.H. Miley, J.A. Patterson: Nuclear transmutations in thin-film nickel coatings undergoing electrolysis, Infinite Energy, no. 9, July/August 1996, p. 19–32
  17. George H. Miley, Heinrich Hora, Andrei Lipson, Sung-O. Kim, Nie Luo, Carlos H. Costano G., Taeho Woo. "Progress in thin-film LENR research at the University of Illinois". In The 9th International Conference on Cold Fusion, Condensed Matter Nuclear Science, 2002. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press.
  18. Xiaoling Yang, George H. Miley, Heinz Hora. "Condensed Matter Cluster Reactions in LENR Power Cells for a Radical New Type of Space Power Source". American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings, March 16, 2009, vol. 1103, pp. 450–458.
  19. ^ Nightline report (Video: February 7, 1996) on the Patterson Power Cell: Part 1; Part 2; Part 3; Part 4.
  20. POWER–GEN 95. Sponsored by PennWell Conferences & Exhibitions Company. Held at the Anaheim Convention Center, Anaheim, California: December 5–7, 1995.
  21. Transcript of ABC-TV "Good Morning America" Program on Cold Fusion Excess Energy and Radioactivity Reduction, June 11, 1997. Transcribed by Infinite Energy magazine.
  22. Bill Jenkins (1997-06-16). Free Energy - The race to zero point (VHS). United States: Lightworks Audio Video. (video) contains a segment on the Patterson Power Cell, beginning at 44 minutes and 51 seconds.
  23. New Energy Times - James "Doc" Patterson Remembrance
  24. CETI Press release forwarded by Eugene Mallove

Further reading

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