Foreign relations of Argentina: Difference between revisions

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	{{Use dmy dates\|date=September 2011}}
	~~{{Politics~~ of Argentina}}		UK cannot steal Argentina gas anymore!!
	This article deals with the '''], ] and ] of ]'''.

	At the political level, these matters are officially handled by the ], also known as the ''Cancillería'', which answers to the ]. The Minister of Foreign Relations, since June 2010, is ] (es: ''Canciller'') ].

	== History ==
	=== From isolation to nationhood ===
	{{Main\|Politics of Argentina}}
	Owing to its geographical remoteness, local authorities in what is today Argentina developed an early sense of autonomy. Based largely on economic needs, during colonial times their pragmatism led to a flourishing unofficial ], out of the then-small port of ], in blatant contravention of the Spanish ] laws. With the ] of the late-eighteenth-century Bourbon kings and the creation of the ] in 1776, trade increased as the political importance of the port-city of Buenos Aires soared. The urgency for a complete ] remained a powerful political cause for ] and ]s, further stimulated by the politically egalitarian and revolutionary ideals spread by the ] and ] revolutions. Ultimately, the actual experience of successfully defending without Spanish aid the viceroyalty from a foreign invader during the 1806–1807 ], triggered a decisive quest for even greater autonomy from the colonial metropolis.

	Between 1808 and 1810, the ] openly ], after deposing King ] and taking him prisoner. A Spanish resistance formed an emergency government, the ] in order to govern themselves and the Spanish Empire in the absence of Ferdinand VII. But, when the Supreme Central Junta dissolved itself on 29 January 1810, under extreme pressure from Napoleonic forces, most of the ] refused to acknowledge its successor, a Regency Council, as the legitimate depositary of sovereignty. They proceed to name their own local ]s, as a means to exercise government in the absence of the prisoner king.

	On ], a Criollo-led '']'' formally assumed the authority from Viceroy ]. However, the ensuing ] (formed on the basis of the former Viceroyalty) declared itself independent on 9 July 1816, after ] was restored in 1815. During the ] no sovereign state recognized the United Provinces.

	Until the fall of the ] stronghold of ] in 1821, and the ] of 1824, territorial integrity was solely sustained by the military brilliance of Generals ] and ], the continuous efforts of northern provinces defenders ] and ], among many others. However, during this same period, internecine power conflicts among diverse leaders, and ideological and economical struggles developed between ] and much of the rest of the United Provinces, with many of the Provinces bonding themselves into a ], inspired by ''Federalist'' ]' leadership. In practice, each side treated the other's grievances as a "foreign policy" matter.

	The '']'' Constitution of 1819 was immediately rejected by the provinces, and a state of anarchy ensued following the ]. The only cause that could regain unity among the hostile factions was the 1825 invasion of what today is ] on the part of ]. Uruguay, then known as the ''Province of the Eastern Bank of the Uruguay River'', was considered a somewhat breakaway Province, since ] served as the seat of the ] Viceroy ] during its war on the ]; and that, after the independentists victory, the Province became the main stronghold of the ] leader ], who waged a long and bitter dispute during the 1810s against the ] about the shape the national organization would have.

	The war crisis led to a new Constitution and a first semblance of a united national government, at the same time it represented the first foreign policy crisis of the young nation (known as ''República Argentina'', ''per'' the 1926 Constitution), as it forced the nation into war with Brazil.

	The common cause the crisis provided did lead to enough institutional stability to have the ] recognize Argentina (as President ] had the ] done in 1822) and led to the election of the first ]. The opportunity for unity, however, was wasted largely because the new President, ], pushed a new Constitution even more biased towards Buenos Aires' agenda than the failed 1819 document. The war with Brazil, moreover, went badly. Land battles were won, early on, and despite some heroic feats on the part on Irish-born Admiral ], the war dragged on, resulting in bankruptcy. This and the hated new constitution led to the end of the first republic by 1828; it also led, however, to peace with Brazil and the formation of an independent ].

	The 26 September 1828 treaty itself became another foreign policy crisis, as it triggered a violent ''coup d'état'' by generals opposed to what they saw as a unilateral surrender. The murder of the man responsible for the treaty, Buenos Aires Governor ], itself led to a countercoup that brought with it the promise of a lasting peace; but eventually led to destabilizing consequences.

	The countercoup brought in a new governor for the ], who would in time become the leading figure of a loose ] of Argentine Provinces (the so-called ]). ] made it his mission to stabilize Argentina in a confederacy under the tutelage of Buenos Aires Province. This led to repression, massacres of native Americans in the ] and, in 1838, an international embargo over the case of a French journalist tortured to death at Rosas' orders.{{Citation needed\|date=January 2010}} An unyielding Rosas might have let the impasse continue for a decade or more; but, Admiral ] made his talents amenable once again, forcing the French blockade to be lifted in 1841.

	Having come to power avenging the murder of a man who had decided to cease interference in Uruguay, Rosas invaded Uruguay upon the 1842 election of a government there antagonistic to his personal commercial interests (mainly centered in the export of cow hides and beef jerky, valuable commodities in those days). Commercially close with the French and British Empires, Uruguay's crisis met with swift reprisals against Rosas and the Argentine Confederacy from the two mighty powers. Slapped with fresh embargoes and a joint blockade, Argentina by 1851 found itself bankrupt and with "rogue nation" standing; on 3 February 1852, a surprise military campaign led by the Governor of ], ], put an end to the Rosas regime and, until 1878, at least, serious Argentine foreign policy misadventures.

	=== Constitution and conflict resolution ===
	]
	The deposition of Rosas led to Argentina's present institutional framework, outlined in the ]. The document, drafted by a legal scholar specializing in the interpretation of the ] put forth national social and economic development as its overriding principle. Where foreign policy was concerned, it specifically put emphasis on the need to encourage immigration and little else, save for the national defense against aggressions. This, of course, was forced into practice by ]an dictator ]'s disastrous 1865 invasion of northern Argentine territory, leading to an ] between 1820s-era adversaries Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay and the loss of hundreds of thousands of lives (particularly Paraguay's own).

	Setbacks notwithstanding, the policy was successful. Domestically, Argentina was quickly transformed by immigration and foreign investment into, arguably, the most educationally and economically advanced nation in Latin America. Whatever else was happening domestically, internationally, Argentine policy earned a reputation for pragmatism and the reliance of conflict resolution as a vehicle to advance national interests. The era's new strongman, Gen. ], was the first Argentine leader to treat foreign policy on equal footing with foreign investment and immigration incentives, universal education and repression as instruments of national development. His first administration occupied ] and entered into an 1881 agreement with Chile to that effect and his second one commissioned archaeologist ] to survey an appropriate boundary between the two neighbors, which brought Chile into the historic ], settling questions over Patagonian lands east of the ]. Later that year, endorsed his Foreign Secretary's successful negotiation of a debt dispute between ], France and Germany. Foreign Secretary ]'s proposal in this, a dispute among third parties, became the ], part of ] to this day.
	]
	This success led to a joint effort between Argentina, Brazil and ] to negotiate a peaceful resolution to the United States' ] in April 1914. That May, the three nations' foreign ministers hosted U.S. officials in Canada, a conference instrumental in the withdrawal of U.S. troops that November. This also resulted in the 1915 ] signed between the three and, like Brazil and Chile, Argentina thereafter pursued a pragmatic foreign policy, focused on preserving favorable trade relationships. This policy was in evidence during the 1933 ], which secured Argentine markets among British colonies, and in the Argentine position during the ]. Resulting from the 1928 discovery of petroleum in the area, the dispute developed into war after ]'s appeal for Argentine intervention in what it saw as ]an incursions into potentially oil-rich lands were rejected. Bolivia invaded in July 1932 and, despite its legitimate claim to what historically had been its territory, its government's ties to ] (with whom the Argentine government was in dispute over its alleged pirating of oil in ])<ref name=Wirth>Wirth, John. ''The Oil Business in Latin America''. Beard Books, 2001.</ref> led Buenos Aires to withhold diplomatic efforts until, in June 1935, a cease-fire was signed. The laborious negotiations called in Buenos Aires by Argentine Foreign Minister ] yielded him Latin America's first ] in 1936 and a formal peace treaty in July 1938.

	As they had during World War I, Argentine governments of different ideological stripes remained consistent in one important foreign policy point: they maintained Argentina neutral, preferring to avail the nation's vast ] capacity to British and U.S. wartime needs; indeed, Argentine trade surpluses totalled US$1 billion during World War I and US$1.7 billion during World War II.<ref></ref>
	]
	The incipient ] in evidence following World War II led the new administration of ] to conclude that a third world war might follow. Perón restored diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union and, in 1949, articulated a "third way" as his foreign policy doctrine, in hopes of avoiding friction with either superpower, while opening the door to grain sales to the perennially shortage-stricken Soviets. Though commercial concerns continued to dominate foreign policy, conflict resolution was again ventured into when President ] initiated negotiations between U.S. President ] and ]n representative ] during a Western Hemisphere summit in ] in August 1961. Frondizi followed these exchanges with private discussions with ''Che'' Guevara in Buenos Aires, a misstep resulting in the Argentine military's opposition to further talks. Ultimately, Cuba was expelled from the ] in January 1962 and Frondizi was forced by the military to resign that March. The effort, though fruitless, showed audacity on the part of Frondizi, whom President Kennedy called "a really tough man."<ref>''Clarín''. 19 April 1995.</ref>

	=== A stray from precedent ===
	{{Main\|Argentina–Chile relations}}
	]

	Argentina's relations with its neighbor ], though generally cordial, have been strained by territorial disputes – mostly along their mountainous shared border – since the nineteenth century.

	In 1978 the bellicose<ref>See Argentine Historian Luis Alberto Romero (''Argentina in the Twentieth Century'', Pennsylvania State University Press, translated by James P. Brennan, 1994, ISBN 0-271-02191-8) about the Argentine Government: "By that time, a bellicose current of opinion had arisen among the military and its friend, an attitude rooted in a strain of Argentine nationalism, which drew substance from strong chauvinistic sentiments. Diverse ancient fantasies in society's historical imaginary-the "patria grande", the "spoliation" that the country had suffered- where added to a new fantasy of "entering the first world" through a "strong" foreign policy. All this combinated with the traditional messianic military mentality and the ingenousness of its strategies which were ignorant of the most elemental facts of international politics. The aggression against Chile, stymied by papal mediation, was transferred to Great Britain ..."</ref> Argentine dictatorship abrogated the binding ] and started the ] in order to invade Chile but called off the operation a few hours later due to military and political reasons.<ref>See Alejandro Luis Corbacho ''Predicting the Probability of War during Brinkmanship Crisis: The Beagle and the Malvinas conflicts'' (p.45): "The newspaper ''Clarín'' explained some years later that such caution was based, in part, on military concerns. In order to achieve a victory, certain objectives had to be reached before the seventh day after the attack. Some military leaders considered this not enough time due to the difficulty involved in transportation through the passes over the Andean Mountains.'' and in cite 46: ''According to ''Clarín'', two consequences were feared. First, those who were dubious feared a possible regionalization of the conflict. Second, as a consequence, the conflict could acquire great power proportions. In the first case decisionmakers speculated that Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador and Brazil might intervene. Then the great powers could take sides. In this case, the resolution of the conflict would depend not on the combatants, but on the countries that supplied the weapons.]"</ref> The conflict was resolved after the Argentine defeat in the Malvinas by ] of ] and in the form of a ] (''Tratado de Paz y Amistad''), granting the islands to Chile and most of the ] to Argentina; since then, other border disputes with Chile have been resolved via diplomatic negotiations.

	The same ] in Argentina took the Falklands islands and an adjoining minor archipelago on 2 April 1982, after nearly twenty years of intermittent negotiations on the subject of their ] (in question since the British navy expelled Argentine troops there in 1833) had failed. The ] ({{lang-es\|Guerra de las Malvinas\|links=no}}) cost the lives of nearly a thousand troops, Argentine and British, after Prime Minister ] ordered the invasion repelled. The battles themselves lasted but six weeks, dealing the dictatorship a humiliating blow and, inadvertently, giving Argentina a way out of dictatorship.

	Since the return of civilian rule to Argentina in 1983, relations with Chile, the United Kingdom and the international community in general improved and Argentine officials have since publicly ruled out interpreting neighboring countries' policies as any potential threat; but Argentina still doesn't enjoy the full trust of the Chilean political class.<ref>See notes of the Chilean Foreign Minister ], in '']'' de Santiago de Chile, 13 July 1998: </ref><ref>See notes of Senator (not elected but named by the Armed Forces) ] in '']'' de Santiago de Chile, 26 July 1998: </ref><ref>See notes of the Chilean Foreign Minister ], '']'' de B.A., 22 July 2005: </ref><ref>See also "Reciprocidad en las Relaciones Chile – Argentina" of Andrés Fabio Oelckers Sainz in : ''"También en Chile, todavía genera un gran rechazo el hecho que Argentina declarase nulo el fallo arbitral británico y además en una primera instancia postergara la firma del laudo papal por el diferendo del Beagle"''</ref><ref>See notes of Director académico de la Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales ], Francisco Rojas, in Santiago de Chile, in '']'' de Buenos Aires, 26 September 1997: </ref><ref>See notes of Chilean Defense Minister ] in "Centro Superior de Estudios de la Defensa Nacional del Reino de España", appeared in Argentine newspaper '']'', 5 May 1997: . These notes were later relativized by the Chilean Government (See )</ref>

	=== Menem Presidency ===

	Early on in the administration of President ] (1989–1999), Argentina restored diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom and developed a strong partnership with the United States. It was at this time that Argentina left the ] and adopted a policy of "automatic alignment" with the United States. In 1990, Menem's Foreign Minister, ], memorably pronounced the U.S.–Argentine alliance to be a "carnal relationship."<ref></ref>
	], 1991. President ]'s decision to send a token presence into the ] earned him a close alliance with U.S. President ].]]

	Argentina was the only Latin American country to participate in the 1991 ] and all phases of the ] operation. It has contributed to United Nations ] operations worldwide, with Argentine soldiers/engineers and police/Gendarmerie serving in ]–]–] (where Navy patrol boats painted white were deployed), ], Ecuador–], ], Angola, ], Cyprus, ], Kosovo, ] and ].

	In recognition of its contributions to international security and peacekeeping, ] ] designated Argentina as a ] in January 1998.<ref></ref> The country is currently the only nation in Latin America that holds this distinction.

	At the United Nations, Argentina supported United States policies and proposals, among them the condemnations of Cuba on the issue of human rights, and the fight against international terrorism and narcotics trafficking. In November 1998, Argentina hosted the United Nations conference on climate change, and in October 1999 in Berlin, became one of the first nations worldwide to adopt a voluntary ] emissions target.

	Argentina also became a leading advocate of ] efforts worldwide. After trying to develop nuclear weapons during the ], Argentina scrapped the project with the return of democratic rule in 1983, and became a strong advocate of non-proliferation efforts and the peaceful use of nuclear technologies.

	Since the return of democracy, Argentina has also turned into strong proponent of enhanced regional stability in South America, the country revitalized its relationship with Brazil; and during the 1990s (after signing the Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1984 between Chile and Argentina) settled lingering border disputes with ]; discouraged military takeovers in Ecuador and ]; served with the United States, Brazil and Chile as one of the four guarantors of the Ecuador–Peru peace process. Argentina's reputation as a mediator was damaged, however, when President Menem and some members of his cabinet were accused of approving the illegal sale of weapons to Ecuador and to ].

	In 1998, President Menem made a state visit to the United Kingdom, and the Prince of Wales reciprocated with a visit to Argentina. In 1999, the two countries agreed to normalize travel to the ] from the mainland and resumed direct flights.

	In the 1990s, Argentina was an enthusiastic supporter of the ] process, and chaired the ] (FTAA) initiative.

	=== Kirchner Presidency ===
	] with President ] of Brazil, Argentina's closest international partner.]]
	Within the term of President ], from 2003 onwards, Argentina suspended its policy of automatic alignment with the United States and moved closer to other Latin American countries. Argentina no longer supports the UN Commission on Human Rights resolution criticizing the "human rights situation in Cuba" and calling upon the Government of Cuba to "adhere to international human rights norms", but has chosen instead to abstain. In the ], Argentina supported, like all Mercosur countries, the candidacy of Venezuela (a Mercosur member) over Guatemala for a non-permanent seat in the Security Council.

	The ] has become a central part of the Argentine foreign policy, with the goal of forming a Latin American trade block. Argentina has chosen to form a block with Brazil when it comes to external negotiations, though the economic asymmetries between South America's two largest countries have produced tension at times.

	Between 4 and 5 November 2005, the city of ] hosted the ]. Although the themes were unemployment and poverty, most of the discussion was focused on the FTAA. The summit was a failure in this regard, but marked a clear split between the countries of the Mercosur, plus ], and the supporters of the FTAA, led by the United States, Mexico and Canada. FTAA negotiations have effectively stalled until at least the conclusion of the 2006 ] global trade talks.

	In 2005, Argentina assumed again (see history ] ) the two-year non-permanent position on the ].

	As of 2007, during Kirchner's almost four years in power, Argentina entered into 294 bilateral agreements, including 39 with ], 37 with ], 30 with ], 21 with Brazil, 12 with the People's Republic of China, 10 with Germany, 9 with the United States and Italy, and 7 with ], Paraguay, Spain and Russia.<ref></ref>

	== Issues ==
	=== Sovereignty claims ===
	]
	Argentina claims part of Antarctica as ], an area delimited by the ] and ] meridians and the ] parallel. This claim overlaps the ] and ], though all territorial claims in Antarctica are currently suspended (although not abandoned) under the ]. Argentina also claims the British ] of the ] and ]. In addition a {{convert\|50\|km\|mi}} long border with ] in the ] is awaiting demarcation as required under a .

	On 22 April 2009, the Argentine government submitted a claim to the United Nations (UN) for {{convert\|1700000\|km2\|mi2}} of ocean territory to be recognised as Argentina's ] as governed by the ] and ].<ref name="bbc-2009-04-22">{{cite news\|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8011539.stm\|publisher=BBC News \|accessdate=2009-04-22\|title=Argentina claims vast ocean area \| date=2009-04-22\|first=Candace\|last=Piette}}</ref> Argentina claims to have spent 11 years investigating the matter and submitted {{convert\|800\|kg\|lb}} of documents in support of the claim.<ref name="bbc-2009-04-22"/> If the claim is recognised by the UN then Argentina will gain the rights to the commercial exploitation of the sea bed (which includes mining and oil drilling). The new claim will add to the existing {{convert\|4800000\|km2\|mi2}} of commercial shelf already managed by Argentina and includes the disputed British ] of the ], ] and parts of Antarctica disputed with ] and the United Kingdom.<ref name="bbc-2009-04-22"/>

	=== Other incidents ===
	Argentina, through its ] and ], has been traditionally great involved in fishery protection in the ] with the first major incidents tracing back to the 1960s when a destroyer fired and holed a Russian trawler<ref></ref> and continued through recent years.<ref></ref><ref></ref><ref></ref>
	{{See also\|Sinking of the Chian-der 3}}
	In November 2006, an Argentine judge issued an arrest warrant for former Iranian President ] and eight other ex-officials in relation to the ] of the Jewish-Argentine Mutual Association (AMIA) community center in Buenos Aires which killed 85 people.<ref name="bbc-2006-11-09">{{cite news\|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/6134066.stm\|publisher=BBC News \|accessdate=2009-04-22\|title=Argentina seeks Rafsanjani arrest \| date=2006-11-09}}</ref> Iran refused to carry out the arrest demanded by the warrant claiming it to be a "Zionist plot".<ref name="bbc-2006-11-09"/> As a result, President Néstor Kirchner ordered the ] to be on the alert for incidents similar to the 1994 bombing.<ref>http://buscador.lanacion.com.ar/Nota.asp?nota_id=858650&high=rafsanjani</ref>

	Argentina has a dispute with neighboring Uruguay about two pulp mills on the Uruguay side of the shared ] near the Argentine city of ].<ref name="bbc-2006-02-15">{{cite news\|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4716036.stm\|publisher=BBC News \|accessdate=2009-04-22\|title=River row divides former friends \| date=2006-02-15\|first=Daniel\|last=Schweimler}}</ref> Residents of Gualeguaychú, concerned about pollution from the mills, blockaded bridges across the river in 2006.<ref name="bbc-2006-02-15"/> The case was brought before the ]. No final judgement has been passed yet by the ICJ but the denial of preliminary measures in July 2006 allowed the mills to began functioning.<ref name="bbc-2006-07-13">{{cite news\|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/5175420.stm\|publisher=BBC News \|accessdate=2009-04-22\|title=Court allows Uruguay pulp mills \| date=2006-07-13}}</ref>

	==Americas==
	===Barbados===
	* Formal relations began in 1968-08-16
	* Argentina is represented in Barbados through its embassy in ], (]).<ref> {{es icon}}</ref>
	* Barbados is represented in Argentina through its embassy in ] (]) and its honorary consulate in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
	* Both countries are full members of the ] (OAS) the United Nations and the ].
	* {{es icon}}

	===Brazil===
	{{Main\|Argentina–Brazil relations}}

	After democratization, a strong integration and partnership began between the two countries. In 1985 they signed the basis for the ], a Regional Trade Agreement. Also on the military side there has been greater rapprochement. In accordance with the friendship policy, both armies dissolved or moved major units previously located at their common border (e.g. ]'s 7th Jungle and 3rd Motorized Infantry Brigades). Brazilian soldiers are embedded in the Argentine ] contingent at ] in Cyprus and they are working together at ] in Haiti and, as another example of collaboration, ] aircraft routinely operates from the ] carrier '']''.

	On 7 September 2008, the President of Argentina, ], traveled to Brazil where she was the guest of honor at the Independence Day celebrations and witnessed the military parade in ]. The following day, she held discussions with the Brazilian President ] on a variety of bilateral issues including energy, defense and nuclear cooperation.<ref> ]. Retrieved on 17 January 2008.</ref><ref></ref> Brazil's decision to prevent a Royal Navy ship docking in Rio de Janeiro was seen as backing Argentina over the Falklands dispute.<ref></ref>

	===Canada===
	{{main\|Argentina–Canada relations}}
	* Formal relations began in 1940
	* Canada's first Ambassador to Buenos Aires, began his assignment in 1945.
	* Argentina has an embassy in ] and 2 consul-general (in ] and Toronto).<ref></ref>
	* Canada has an embassy in Buenos Aires.<ref></ref>
	* Both countries are members of the ] and the ].
	* {{es icon}}
	*

	===Chile===
	{{Main\|Argentina–Chile relations}}

	Argentina and Chile share the world's third-longest international border, which is 5,300 km long and runs from north to the south along the ] mountains. During much of the 19th and the 20th century, relations between the countries chilled due to disputes over ], though in recent years relations have improved dramatically.

	===Colombia===

	* Formal relations began in 1923-03-03
	* Argentina has an embassy in ]
	* Colombia has an embassy in Buenos Aires.<ref>{{es icon}}</ref>
	* Both countries are full members of the ], ], ], ] and ].
	*{{es icon}}

	===Mexico===

	{{Main\|Argentina–Mexico relations}}

	On 20 May 1914, Argentina and the other ] met in ], Canada, to prevent a war with the United States, and both countries remained neutral.

	===Paraguay===
	{{Main\|Argentina–Paraguay relations}}

	* Diplomatic relations between those 2 neighbors were established in 1811, with the signing of an agreement on Friendship, Assistance and Trade.
	* Both countries were at war between 1864 and 1870 (]), and never fought each other since.
	* Argentina has an embassy in ] and 2 Consulates-General (in ] and ]).
	* Paraguay has an embassy in Buenos Aires and 7 consulates (in ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]).

	===United States===

	{{Main\|Argentina–United States relations}}

	The United States has a positive bilateral relationship with Argentina based on many common strategic interests, including non-proliferation, counternarcotics, counterterrorism, the fight against human trafficking, and issues of regional stability, as well as the strength of commercial ties. Argentina is a participant in the Three-Plus-One regional mechanism (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and the U.S.), which focuses on coordination of counter-terrorism policies in the tri-border region.

	===Uruguay===
	{{Main\|Argentina–Uruguay relations}}

	* Uruguay gained its independence after the ], with the help of Argentina.
	* Between the 1960s and the 1990s, there was significant Uruguayan emigration to Argentina, where today, around 120,000 Uruguayan nationals live.
	* In 2006, both countries had the first diplomatic tensions in decades following groundbreaking for a large ] along the ].
	* Uruguay has an embassy in Buenos Aires, 2 general consulates (in ] and ]), 3 consulates (in ], ] and ]), 2 honorary consulates (in ] and ]).
	* Argentina has an embassy in ] and 5 consulates (in ], ], ], ] and ]).
	* Both countries were founding members of the ].

	===Venezuela===
	US$1.4 billion was traded between Argentina and Venezuela during 2008.<ref name="Venezuela shops in Argentina after Colombia spat">{{cite news\|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/marketsNews/idUSN1154262320090811\|title=Venezuela shops in Argentina after Colombia spat\|date=2009-08-11\|accessdate=2009-08-13\|agency=Reuters }}</ref> Argentine President ] met ]n President ] in Caracas on 11 August 2009.<ref name="Chavez and Cristina sign a billion USD trade agreement"/> Kirchner called it a "bilateral meeting aimed at deepening our vital integration".<ref name="Chavez and Cristina sign a billion USD trade agreement"/> The two presidents signed deals intended to see Venezuela import leather, machinery and poultry from Argentina, whilst a rice importation agreement was described by the Argentine President as "the biggest ever in Argentina's history".<ref name="Chavez and Cristina sign a billion USD trade agreement"/> The deals were said to be worth $1.1 billion.<ref name="Venezuela shops in Argentina after Colombia spat"/> The meeting coincided with visits to Venezuela by dozens of Argentine businessmen.<ref name="Chavez and Cristina sign a billion USD trade agreement">{{cite web\|url=http://en.mercopress.com/2009/08/12/chavez-and-cristina-sign-a-billion-usd-trade-agreement\|title=Chavez and Cristina sign a billion USD trade agreement\|date=2009-08-12\|accessdate=2009-08-13\|publisher=]}}</ref> Chávez signed the deals at a time of increasing tensions with ] over the United States usage of its military bases.<ref name="Venezuela shops in Argentina after Colombia spat"/>

	==Europe==
	{\| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
	!width="15%"\| Country
	!width="12%"\| Formal relations began
	!Notes
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|Armenia }}\|\|<!--Date started-->1992-01-17
	\|
	* Argentina has an embassy in Yerevan, Armenia
	* Armenia has an embassy in Buenos Aires.
	* {{es icon}}
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|Austria }}\|\|<!--Date started-->1870-10-27
	\|
	* Argentina has an embassy in ].
	* Austria has an embassy and trade office in Buenos Aires and 3 honorary consulates (in ], ] and ]).<ref> {{de icon}} {{es icon}}</ref><ref> {{es icon}}</ref>
	* {{es icon}}
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|Bulgaria }}\|\|<!--Date started-->1800s
	\|
	* Argentina has an embassy in ], Bulgaria.
	* Bulgaria has an embassy in Buenos Aires.<ref></ref>
	* {{es icon}}
	*
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|Croatia}}\|\|<!--Date started-->1992-04-13\|\|See ]

	* Argentina is represented in Croatia through its embassy in ], Austria and Argentina has an honorary consulate in ].
	* Croatia has an embassy in Buenos Aires.
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|Denmark }}\|\|<!--Date started-->1841-01-20
	\|
	* Argentina has an embassy in ] and Denmark has an embassy in Buenos Aires.
	* {{es icon}}
	* {{dk icon}} {{es icon}}
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|France }}\|\|<!--Date started-->1829
	\|
	* Argentina has an embassy in Paris.<ref></ref>
	* France has an embassy in Buenos Aires.<ref> {{fr icon}} {{es icon}}</ref>
	* {{es icon}}
	*
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|Greece }}\|\|<!--Date started-->\|\|See ]

	Both countries are represented by an Embassy in the other one's capital. At least 30,000 persons of Greek descent live in Argentina with about 5,000 with Greek passports. The majority of Greeks live in Buenos Aires.<ref name=mfa>{{cite web \|url=http://www.mfa.gr/www.mfa.gr/en-US/Policy/Geographic+Regions/Latin+America+-+Caribbean/Bilateral+Relations/Argentina/sy.org/Embassy/content/en/Article.aspx?office=1&folder=24&article=23565 \|title=Framework of Treaties\|accessdate=2009-05-07 \|publisher=Greece }}</ref>
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|Holy See }}\|\|<!--Date started-->1940-04-17\|\|See ]

	* Argentina has an embassy to the ].
	* The Holy See has an embassy in Buenos Aires.

	] made two ]. The first was in June 1982 where he called for an end to the ].<ref>{{cite news \|coauthors= \|title=Pope John Paul II \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/207959.stm \|quote=The Pope appealed for a peaceful end to the Falklands issue, a plea which was mirrored in a visit to Argentina days later. \|work=BBC \|date=2 April 2005 \|accessdate=2009-02-28 }}</ref> The second was in April 1987 where he lectured on morality.<ref>{{cite news \|first= Roberto\|last= Suro\|title=Pope Ends his Argentine Visit \|url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DEFD91730F930A25757C0A961948260 \|quote=Pope John Paul II today opened the holiest week on the Roman Catholic calendar with a spectacular outdoor mass set amid the high-rise buildings of the Argentine capital. \|work=New York Times \|date=13 April 1987 \|accessdate=2009-02-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news \|first= Don A.\|last= Schanche\|title=Pope Opens Visit to Argentina With Lecture on Morality \|url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/58281878.html?dids=58281878:58281878&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Apr+07%2C+1987&author=DON+A.+SCHANCHE&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=Pope+Opens+Visit+to+Argentina+With+Lecture+on+Morality&pqatl=google \|quote=Pope John Paul II ended an arduous six days in military-ruled Chile on Monday and opened a week's pilgrimage to civilian-governed Argentina by addressing a modest lecture on political morality to the country's leaders. \|work=Chicago Tribune \|date=7 April 1987 \|accessdate=2009-02-28 }}</ref>
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|Ireland }}\|\|<!--Date started-->1947-07-29
	\|
	* Argentina has an embassy in ]
	* Ireland has an embassy in Buenos Aires.
	* In March 2008, it was announced that there was a special new visa programme between the two countries.<ref></ref>
	* {{es icon}}
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|Poland }}\|\|<!--Date started-->1931
	\|
	* Argentina has an embassy in ].
	* Poland has an embassy in Buenos Aires.<ref> {{pl icon}} {{es icon}}</ref>
	* {{es icon}}
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|Portugal }}\|\|<!--Date started-->1812-05-26
	\|
	* Argentina has an embassy in ].
	* Portugal has an embassy in Buenos Aires and 3 honorary consulates (in ], ] and ]).
	* Both countries are full members of the ].
	* {{es icon}}
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|Russia }}\|\|<!--Date started-->1885-10-22
	\|
	{{Main\|Argentina–Russia relations}}
	* Argentina has an ].
	* Russia has an embassy in Buenos Aires.<ref></ref>
	* {{es icon}}
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|Serbia }}\|\|<!--Date started-->\|\|See ]

	Diplomatic relations between Serbia and Argentina existed before the Second World War and were restored in 1946. Serbia has an embassy in Buenos Aires and Argentina has an embassy in ]. The Ambassador (Chargé d'affaires a.i.) of Serbia to Argentina is Martin Simović. The Ambassador of Argentina to Serbia is Mario Eduardo Bossi de Ezcurra.<ref>, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia</ref>
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|Slovenia }}\|\|<!--Date started-->1992-04-13
	\|
	* Argentina is represented in Slovenia through its embassy in ], Austria and an honorary consulate in ].
	* Slovenia has an embassy in Buenos Aires and 4 honorary consulates in ], ], ] and ].
	* There are more than 30,000 Slovenes who live in Argentina.
	* {{es icon}}
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|Switzerland }}\|\|<!--Date started-->1834\|\|See ]

	* Diplomatic relations were established in 1834, with the opening of a Swiss consulate in Buenos Aires, followed in 1891 by the opening of an embassy.
	* Argentina has an embassy in ].<ref></ref>
	* Switzerland has an embassy in Buenos Aires.<ref></ref>
	* {{es icon}}
	*
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|Turkey}}\|\|<!--Date started-->
	\|
	See ]
	* Argentina has an embassy in ].<ref></ref>
	* Turkey has an embassy in Buenos Aires.<ref></ref>
	* Turkey's staunch support for fellow ] member United Kingdom during the ] and recognition of the ] by the Argentine parliament has soured relations between the two countries.
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|Ukraine }}\|\|<!--Date started-->1992-01-06
	\|
	* Argentina has an embassy in ].<ref> {{es icon}} {{uk icon}}</ref>
	* Ukraine has an embassy in Buenos Aires.<ref> {{es icon}} {{uk icon}}</ref>
	* {{es icon}}
	* A visa-free travel regime between the two countries started operating in October 2011.<ref>, ] (October 3, 2011)</ref>
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|United Kingdom }}\|\|<!--Date started-->1823-12-15\|\|See ]

	* Diplomatic relations were cut off before the ], they were reinstated only in 1990, after the departure of ] from the post of ].
	* Argentina has an embassy in London.<ref></ref>
	* The United Kingdom has an embassy in Buenos Aires.<ref></ref>
	* {{es icon}}
	\|}

	==Asia==
	{\| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
	!width="15%"\| Country
	!width="12%"\| Formal relations began
	!Notes
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|India }}\|\|<!--Date started-->1949-02-03
	\|
	* India has an embassy in Buenos Aires.<ref></ref>
	* Argentina has an embassy in New Delhi.
	* Indians have expressed its desires to agree with the Argentine claims on British colonies in Southern Atlantic Ocean and other territorial border disputes with ].
	* {{es icon}}
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|Iran }}\|\|<!--Date started-->
	\|
	* Iran has an embassy in Buenos Aires.<ref>http://www.iranchamber.com/embassy/popup_embassyout/embassy_arg.php</ref>
	* Argentina has an embassy in ].<ref>http://argentina.visahq.com/embassy/Iran/</ref>
	* Relations were somewhat strained between the two countries following the ] in Buenos Aires in 1994.<ref>http://www.thenews.com.pk/update_detail.asp?id=11864</ref>
	* Argentina's exports to Iran increased from $29 million in 2007 to $1.2 billion in 2008. Argentina is Iran's second largest trade partner in Latin America after Brazil.<ref>http://www.presstv.com/detail.aspx?id=112901&sectionid=351020102</ref>
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|Israel }}\|\|<!--Date started-->1949-05-31\|\|See also ], ], ]

	* Argentina has an embassy in ].
	* Israel has an embassy in Buenos Aires and 2 honorary consulates (in ] and ]).<ref></ref>
	* Argentina has the biggest ] in Latin America.
	* {{es icon}}
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|Japan }}\|\|<!--Date started-->1952\|\|See ]

	Argentina maintains an embassy in Tokyo and Japan maintains an embassy in Buenos Aires.

	Diplomatic relations were restored by the signing of the ] in 1952. Argentine president ] visited Japan in 1960, and subsequently ] and Japanese investment into Argentina have increased in importance. Japanese imports were primarily foodstuffs and raw materials, while exports were mostly machinery and finished products.
	Members of the ] have visited Argentina on a number of occasions, including ] in 1991, ] in 1997 and ] in 1998. Argentine President ] visited Japan in 1986, as did President ] in 1990, 1993 and 1998.
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|Pakistan }}\|\|<!--Date started-->\|\|See ]

	* Argentina has an embassy in ].
	* Pakistan has an embassy in ].
	* The relationship has recently grown and become very cordial, with important trade ties developing along with other inter- government communications.<ref>{{cite news\| url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=111DB8FDDC16FE10&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM \| date=25 May 2006}}</ref>
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|People's Republic of China }}\|\|<!--Date started-->1972-03-19
	\|
	* Argentina has an embassy in Beijing and 2 Consulates-Generals (in Hong Kong and Shanghai).
	* China has an embassy in Buenos Aires.<ref> {{es icon}}</ref>
	* {{es icon}}
	*
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|South Korea }}\|\|<!--Date started-->1962-02-15
	\|
	* Argentina has an embassy in ].<ref></ref>
	* South Korea has an embassy in Buenos Aires.<ref></ref>
	* {{es icon}}
	*
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|Vietnam }}\|\|<!--Date started-->1959-09-19
	\|
	* Since December 1996, Argentina has an embassy in ].<ref></ref>
	* Since January 1995, Vietnam has an embassy in Buenos Aires.
	* {{es icon}}
	*
	\|}

	==Oceania==
	===Australia===

	* Argentina opened its embassy in ] in 1961. Argentina also has a Consulate-General Sydney.<ref></ref>
	* Australia has an embassy in Buenos Aires.<ref></ref>
	* Both countries are members of the ].
	* {{es icon}}
	*

	===New Zealand===

	* Diplomatic relations were cut off during the ], they were re-established in 1984.
	* Argentina has an embassy in ].<ref></ref>
	* New Zealand has an embassy in Buenos Aires.<ref></ref>
	* Both countries are members of the ].
	* {{es icon}}
	*

	==Africa==

	{\| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
	!width="15%"\| Country
	!width="12%"\| Formal relations began
	!Notes
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|Angola }}\|\|<!--Date started-->1977-09-02
	\|
	* Angola has an embassy in Buenos Aires.
	* Argentina has an embassy in ].
	* ] ] musician ] is descened from Angolan slaves.
	* {{es icon}}
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|Egypt }}\|\|<!--Date started-->\|\|See ]

	Diplomatic relations were established between both countries in 1947.<ref name = "EN">{{cite news \| url = http://news.egypt.com/en/200811204922/news/-egypt-news/argentine-president-visits-egypt.html \| title = Argentine president visits Egypt \| work=Egypt News \| date = 2008-10-20}}</ref> Argentina has an embassy in ] and Egypt has an embassy in Buenos Aires.
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|Morocco }}\|\|<!--Date started-->1960\|\|See ]

	* Argentina recognized Morocco's independence in 1956.
	* Argentina has an embassy in ].
	* Morocco has an embassy in Buenos Aires.
	\|--valign="top"
	\|{{flag\|South Africa }}\|\|<!--Date started-->1947-09-10
	\|
	*Diplomatic relations were cut off in 1982 with the ]. Full diplomatic relations between both countries were re-established in August 1991.
	*Argentina has an embassy in ].<ref></ref>
	* South Africa has an embassy in Buenos Aires.<ref></ref>
	* Both countries are members of the ].
	* {{es icon}}
	*
	\|}

	== See also ==
	* ]
	* ]
	* ] (for relations with the ])
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]

	== References ==
	{{reflist\|2}}
	*{{CIA World Factbook}}
	* {{StateDept}}
	* by Carlos Escudé and Andrés Cisneros
	* ''Historical Dictionary of Argentina''. London: Scarecrow Press, 1978.

	== External links ==
	* – Official website of the Argentine Ministry of Foreign Relations, International Trade and Worship.
	*
	*

	{{Foreign relations of Argentina}}
	{{Argentina topics}}
	{{Foreign relations in South America}}

	{{DEFAULTSORT:Foreign Relations Of Argentina}}
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Revision as of 08:31, 30 March 2012

block ALL UK IMPORTS and increase tariffs by 660% on EU IMPORTS. UK cannot steal Argentina gas anymore!!