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| '''The Church of Christ, Scientist''', often known as '''The Christian Science Church''', is a ] ] ], founded by ] in ]. |
'''The Church of Christ, Scientist''', often known as '''The Christian Science Church''', is a ] ] ], founded by ] in ]. The ] and Eddy's book '']'' are together the church's key doctrinal sources. | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| Eddy argued that |
Eddy argued that given the absolute perfection and goodness of God, ], ], and ] could not be of Him, and therefore could not be truly real. The ] world was thus in effect an illusive blend of ] ], or ], and material "error" which could be remedied through the elevated spiritual understanding of God and man. This understanding, she contended, was what enabled ] in the Christian biblical record to heal. Adherents of this teaching, known as ''Christian Scientists'', thus believe that disease can be overcome through prayer and an ever-deepening understanding of man's relation to God. As a result, church members generally substitute prayer for traditional medical care, often with the aid of ] (people who devote their full time to treating others through prayer) and claim to experience healing, often reporting these experiences in church publications since the church's founding. | ||
| Christian Science's practice of spiritual healing is controversial. In employing it, a number of people have died from illnesses presumptively treatable traditionally because they chose not to seek proper medical care. There have also been criminal negligence and wrongful death lawsuits brought against the parents of children who have died while receiving spiritual treatment. | Christian Science's practice of spiritual healing is controversial. In employing it, a number of people have died from illnesses presumptively treatable traditionally because they chose not to seek proper medical care. There have also been criminal negligence and wrongful death lawsuits brought against the parents of children who have died while receiving spiritual treatment. | ||
| ⚫ | While reliance on spiritual healing is important to Christian Science teaching, it is also not compulsory, which has led to mixed legal opinions as to what constitutes negligence in its practice. Christian Scientists for their part answer that decease alone is not grounds for prosecution and that spiritual healing has also cured numerous well-documented cases deemed incurable by the medical faculty. In fact, the church has among other things successfully persuaded many health insurance companies in the United States to recognize Christian Science practitioners as health care providers. | ||
| <!--Because spiritual healing is not coerced and generally regarded as a less empirical field than conventional medicine, no easy definition of what constitutes negligence with regards to spiritual healing has been reached in law.--> | |||
| ⚫ | Christian Scientists answer that decease alone is not grounds for prosecution and that spiritual healing has also cured numerous well-documented cases deemed incurable by the medical faculty. In fact, the church has successfully persuaded many health insurance companies in the United States to recognize Christian Science practitioners as health care providers. | ||
| The practice of healing led to some measure of stir in the theological realm too: particularly under the eye of the scientific revolutions of the 19th century, many mainstream denominations had relegated it to the realm of a one-time ] rather than a modern practice. During Christian Science's early days of rapid growth, healing under its influence became a subject of heated debate at Christian conventions, but it also became, for the same reason, a subject of wider reawakened interest beginning in the ] and ]. | The practice of healing led to some measure of stir in the theological realm too: particularly under the eye of the scientific revolutions of the 19th century, many mainstream denominations had relegated it to the realm of a one-time ] rather than a modern practice. During Christian Science's early days of rapid growth, healing under its influence became a subject of heated debate at Christian conventions, but it also became, for the same reason, a subject of wider reawakened interest beginning in the ] and ]. | ||
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| The church is structured by a 138-page constitution of sorts by Eddy titled the ], consisting of various Articles of By-Laws ranging from duties of officers to discipline to provisions for church meetings. The Manual was an unusual establishment, as it enacted a rule of law in place of hierarchy, placing binding requirements on even its top executives whom she subordinated to it. A few adherents contend Eddy intended the Mother Church to dissolve upon her passing, though the view is a minority one. | The church is structured by a 138-page constitution of sorts by Eddy titled the ], consisting of various Articles of By-Laws ranging from duties of officers to discipline to provisions for church meetings. The Manual was an unusual establishment, as it enacted a rule of law in place of hierarchy, placing binding requirements on even its top executives whom she subordinated to it. A few adherents contend Eddy intended the Mother Church to dissolve upon her passing, though the view is a minority one. | ||
| Beginning in the late 1990's, church executives undertook an ambitious foray into electronic broadcast media, beginning first with a monthly half-hour television production, expanding later into a nightly half-hour news show on the ] anchored by veteran journalist John Hart (not a church adherent), then expanding into an elaborate ] superstation with heavy in-house programming production. In parallel, the church purchased a ] station and syndicated radio production to ]. However, revenues fell short of optimistic predictions by church managment, who had defied early warnings by members and media experts, forcing closure of most of these operations in well under a decade. | |||
| The media collapse led to a much more serious controversy when under severe risk of bankruptcy, church executives published the book ] by the late ] in ] in order to secure an approximately $100 million bequest from his trust, due to become unavailable in a few short years, which had historically been scorned as unthinkable. Church directors denied this was their motive, though they had openly conceded knowing Knapp violated basic church teaching in a letter to church teachers before its publication (see the entry on Knapp for fuller detail). The book's publication led to many private warning mailings to branch churches warning them of the theological and church governmental issues involved, as well as protest resignations by the entire editorship of the church's religious periodicals and numerous employees familiar with the issue, and raised unresolved and on their face irrevocable constitutional issues. | |||
| Christian Science is not to be confused with ], the ], the ] movement, or ] founded by ]. Although it has outward similarities to the ], of which Religious Science is a part, partly through ties between the New Thought Movement and certain disaffected Eddy students such as ], Christian Science regards itself as more restrictedly Christianity-focused. | Christian Science is not to be confused with ], the ], the ] movement, or ] founded by ]. Although it has outward similarities to the ], of which Religious Science is a part, partly through ties between the New Thought Movement and certain disaffected Eddy students such as ], Christian Science regards itself as more restrictedly Christianity-focused. | ||
Revision as of 04:44, 1 August 2004
The Church of Christ, Scientist, often known as The Christian Science Church, is a Protestant Christian denomination, founded by Mary Baker Eddy in 1879. The Bible and Eddy's book Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures are together the church's key doctrinal sources.
Eddy argued that given the absolute perfection and goodness of God, sin, disease, and death could not be of Him, and therefore could not be truly real. The material world was thus in effect an illusive blend of spiritual truth, or reality, and material "error" which could be remedied through the elevated spiritual understanding of God and man. This understanding, she contended, was what enabled Jesus in the Christian biblical record to heal. Adherents of this teaching, known as Christian Scientists, thus believe that disease can be overcome through prayer and an ever-deepening understanding of man's relation to God. As a result, church members generally substitute prayer for traditional medical care, often with the aid of Christian Science practitioners (people who devote their full time to treating others through prayer) and claim to experience healing, often reporting these experiences in church publications since the church's founding.
Christian Science's practice of spiritual healing is controversial. In employing it, a number of people have died from illnesses presumptively treatable traditionally because they chose not to seek proper medical care. There have also been criminal negligence and wrongful death lawsuits brought against the parents of children who have died while receiving spiritual treatment. While reliance on spiritual healing is important to Christian Science teaching, it is also not compulsory, which has led to mixed legal opinions as to what constitutes negligence in its practice. Christian Scientists for their part answer that decease alone is not grounds for prosecution and that spiritual healing has also cured numerous well-documented cases deemed incurable by the medical faculty. In fact, the church has among other things successfully persuaded many health insurance companies in the United States to recognize Christian Science practitioners as health care providers.
The practice of healing led to some measure of stir in the theological realm too: particularly under the eye of the scientific revolutions of the 19th century, many mainstream denominations had relegated it to the realm of a one-time dispensation rather than a modern practice. During Christian Science's early days of rapid growth, healing under its influence became a subject of heated debate at Christian conventions, but it also became, for the same reason, a subject of wider reawakened interest beginning in the 1960s and 1970s.
The Mother Church is the church's world headquarters, and is located in Boston, Massachusetts. A newspaper, the Christian Science Monitor, founded by Eddy in 1908 and winner of seven Pulitzer prizes, is published by the church through the Christian Science Publishing Society.
Branch Christian Science churches and Christian Science Societies are at once related to the central church but with large autonomy. They can be found worldwide, primarily in the US though also in Europe and other locations, and usually maintain a Christian Science Reading Room for reading and study open to the public. Churches have usually one one-hour church service each Sunday, consisting of hymns, prayer, and readings from the Bible and Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures. They also hold a one-hour Wednesday evening testimony meeting, with similar readings and accounts by those attending, and sponsor Christian Science lectures in their communities annually.
The church is structured by a 138-page constitution of sorts by Eddy titled the Manual of The Mother Church, consisting of various Articles of By-Laws ranging from duties of officers to discipline to provisions for church meetings. The Manual was an unusual establishment, as it enacted a rule of law in place of hierarchy, placing binding requirements on even its top executives whom she subordinated to it. A few adherents contend Eddy intended the Mother Church to dissolve upon her passing, though the view is a minority one.
Beginning in the late 1990's, church executives undertook an ambitious foray into electronic broadcast media, beginning first with a monthly half-hour television production, expanding later into a nightly half-hour news show on the Discovery Channel anchored by veteran journalist John Hart (not a church adherent), then expanding into an elaborate cable TV superstation with heavy in-house programming production. In parallel, the church purchased a shortwave station and syndicated radio production to National Public Radio. However, revenues fell short of optimistic predictions by church managment, who had defied early warnings by members and media experts, forcing closure of most of these operations in well under a decade.
The media collapse led to a much more serious controversy when under severe risk of bankruptcy, church executives published the book The Destiny of The Mother Church by the late Bliss Knapp in 1991 in order to secure an approximately $100 million bequest from his trust, due to become unavailable in a few short years, which had historically been scorned as unthinkable. Church directors denied this was their motive, though they had openly conceded knowing Knapp violated basic church teaching in a letter to church teachers before its publication (see the entry on Knapp for fuller detail). The book's publication led to many private warning mailings to branch churches warning them of the theological and church governmental issues involved, as well as protest resignations by the entire editorship of the church's religious periodicals and numerous employees familiar with the issue, and raised unresolved and on their face irrevocable constitutional issues.
Christian Science is not to be confused with Scientology, the churches of Christ, the international Churches of Christ movement, or Religious Science founded by Ernest Holmes. Although it has outward similarities to the New Thought Movement, of which Religious Science is a part, partly through ties between the New Thought Movement and certain disaffected Eddy students such as Emma Curtiss Hopkins, Christian Science regards itself as more restrictedly Christianity-focused.