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Template:Infobox Twitter account

As of June 2012, Justin Bieber's Twitter account (@justinbieber) was the second most popular on the service, with only that of Lady Gaga having more followers. In September 2010, Bieber-related traffic was reported to account for three percent of all Twitter traffic, amounting to 180 million page views per month. Bieber-related topics were frequently trending topics on the service in the past, though changes to the algorithm that determines what is trending have now made that less common.

Bieber's Twitter account is used for marketing both Bieber's brand and those of products and services that he uses. Bieber announces his tours, concerts and songs on Twitter, and has tweeted about services such as Instagram, of which he was an early adopter. Bieber's Twitter account was one of the single largest nodes for discussion about the 2011 Egyptian revolution.

Bieber has attracted celebrity fans, and his fans' strong lobby has also been directed against other celebrities who use the service, as well as against non-celebrities with whom Bieber has had quarrels. Bieber's fans have tried to unseat Lady Gaga as the site's most popular account, and fans on the service have used it to make death threats to women connected to Bieber. In another case, Bieber shared the phone number of a couple he was in a disagreement with on Twitter, which resulted in fans bombarding the couple with phone calls.

@justinbieber

Justin Bieber's official Twitter account is @justinbieber. Alan Liu compares Bieber to a modern day geist as the "end of history is instantaneous simultaneity as world-concert." Bieber has been called a Twitter addict, following over 123,000 people as of June 2012. Almost all of the Tweets posted to @justinbieber come from Bieber, with the musician having made more than 10,000 tweets by October 2011 and sometimes posting twenty or more tweets a day.

Bieber joined on 28 March 2009, a month after his mother. His early tweets were on topics like record release announcements, collaborations he was involved with, and topping music charts. Bieber uses the tag #RandomTwitterHour in order to let his fans know he is making random comments. For a brief time in April 2011, Bieber quit Twitter. When Bieber makes a joke on Twitter about what he is doing, it often gets mistaken by people as the truth and ends up reported as true elsewhere. Author Mike Skinner in The Story of the Streets says that based on the Twitter metrics, "all roads lead to Justin Bieber."

Bieber Tweets on a broad range of subjects on Twitter, including the Arab Spring's Egyptian uprising that led the country's leaders to shut down the Internet, and his own appearances on television shows. He Tweeted about the Kony 2012 campaign in March and April 2012, and the death of Whitney Houston in February 2012. He posts about his travels, including an April 2010 trip to New Zealand where he went bungee jumping. For his 18th birthday, he requested his followers donate $18 to charity: water. His Tweets sometimes include spiritual references and how he can "pay it forward" in terms of his good fortune. One example of this is a Tweet from October 2009, when he Tweeted: "If you could give to any charity, what would it be?" He Tweeted against texting and driving in July 2011. At least once on Twitter, he expressed his frustration with those who hate him. He also Tweets messages to fans, asking them to behave and make his appearances safe and fun.

Bieber actively acknowledges his fans on Twitter, following back over 122,987 as of 24 April 2012 which allows fans to send him direct messages. A return follow is something highly coveted by his fans, with many fans knowing precisely when his account followed back. Bieber actively acknowledges his fans in other ways beyond following. His decisions regarding which followers to reTweet are, in his words, "kind of, like, it's random" and said the best way to get him to reTweet a message is "Luck and saying nice things. Just spam me." Most fans respond favorably when he reTweets their messages, or he replies to them, with his responses sometimes being life changing for his follower. Bieber's manager is also on Twitter and actively engages people interested in Bieber-related topics. The Atlantic said Bieber's usage of Twitter shows McLuhanesque fluency of the online landscape. He had 6 million Twitter followers by November 2010. Following this news being picked up, #6millionbeliebers became a trending topic on Twitter. He passed the 11 million follower count in July 2011.

Twitter usage as a communication platform

Popularity

According to Ad Age, "On Twitter, Justin Bieber Is More Popular Than Jesus". In September 2010, Dustin Curtis, a Twitter employee, stated that Bieber accounted for three percent of all Twitter-related traffic and that "racks of servers are dedicated" to Bieber. There are over 180 million page views for Justin Bieber-related material each month. For 2010, Stephen Colbert, Drake and Justin Bieber were the three most retweeted celebrities on the site. During a two month period in 2010, @justinbieber was the most mentioned account, with 279,622 total replies, almost 200,000 more than the next most-mentioned account.

Academics at Dartmouth College found that from 16 October to 17 November 2009, Bieber's relative influence on Twitter was the greatest of all users and that it was increasing on a daily basis during that time period. People who came in second in terms of influence in the same period were Twitter users who tweeted about Bieber, including one young user who was actively campaigning for Bieber to perform in her town since she was too young to travel. As of June 2012, Bieber's Twitter account had a Klout score of 100,, an increase from 99 in August 2010.

Bieber-related topics were one of the most popular conversations on Twitter by November 2009. At the time trending topic launched as a feature on Twitter, Bieber dominated the list because his fans frequently discussed him on the network. Bieber can receive sixty tweets per second in response to his tweets, and as a result of the volume of tweets produced by his sphere of influence, he was named the top trending star on Twitter in 2010. In 2010, Twitter reconfigured their algorithm to feature topics receiving unusual traffic, such as spikes in popularity, in the trending topics more often than items which were mentioned at a continuously popular level; the company said this was unrelated to Bieber's continual presence on the list of trending topics. Some Bieber fans tried to work around the new algorithm by getting related words and misspellings connected to Bieber to trend, including the words "Twieber" and "Jieber". Despite the 2010 algorithm change, Bieber-related topics continue to trend on Twitter. Bieber's name and account, as well as Bieber-related strings, appear among 50 most frequent tokens in raw data from Twitter. Bieber-related content on Twitter can be so extensive that it makes it difficult to effectively monitor related subject content on the site.

Influence

Bieber's use of the popular Twitter and Facebook photo sharing application Instagram in July 2011 drove so much traffic to the Instagram site—up to 50 followers a minute—that Instagram appeared to be undergoing a denial-of-service attack. The number of followers who react to Bieber's tweets can also drive online sales; Bieber regularly tweets about brands or products he is promoting. Though Bieber's tweets about products can drive traffic to them, Justin Bieber: Oh Boy! suggests that fans' access to Bieber on Twitter may reduce their willingness to buy things like magazines which feature Bieber on their covers.

The ability of popular Twitter users like Bieber and Lady Gaga to reach millions of people with a single tweet has been cited as a reason for marketers to pay attention to Twitter. In December 2010 when Nielsen launched their Social 50 chart, a measure of artist popularity on sites like Facebook, Twitter and Myspace, Bieber debuted at number two. Bieber and Lady Gaga have been cited as examples for positive, authentic Twitter interaction, although a 2011 survey found that 8.3% of tweets mentioning "bieber" were semi-automated and probably Twitter-related spam. The size of his following is sometimes used as a barometer of success for newer artists on Twitter; though online video news sites like MSNBC look at various online metrics, including social media mentions on sites like Twitter, they discourage people from comparing their own metrics to people like Bieber, believing them to be unrealistic for most people as a measure of success. Research about Twitter and the 2011 Egyptian revolution includes Bieber, as he made tweets about the topic at a time when he had roughly 8 million followers. His multiple tweets resulted in 32,000 responses each, which made Bieber's Twitter account one of the single largest nodes for discussion about the uprising. On the other hand, when a celebrity auction was held that included Twitter-related items like a follow or retweet from a celebrity, though Bieber had 5.2 million followers at the time, the relative amount for a bid for Bieber was low compared to other celebrity participants on Twitter.

Followers and fans

Bieber has one of the largest celebrity Twitter follower counts on the service, second only to Lady Gaga's. The Atlantic has compared Bieber's followers to an army and All Things Considered noted their power on Twitter in getting Bieber to the top of many online polls. Bieber's follower count has steadily grown over the years since he began tweeting in 2009: at the end of March 2010 he had 1,657,096 followers, while at the end of May 2012, he had 22.9 million. Bieber's follower count is among the largest on the service, though he has been rivaled or out-followed at times by Lady Gaga, Britney Spears, Ashton Kutcher and Ellen DeGeneres. In March 2012, Bieber fans began an unsuccessful campaign—described by Reuters as a "jihad against Gaga's Twitter dominance"—to unseat Lady Gaga as the most popular celebrity on Twitter by pushing the hashtag #OperationUnfollowGaga as a trending topic. Neither Bieber nor Lady Gaga discussed their fanbases' campaigns on Twitter. As of June 2012, Lady Gaga had 25 million followers, to Bieber's 22.9. Following a March 2011 story that he was planning to cut his hair, he lost around 80,000 fans.

According to feminist Carol Gilligan, Bieber's Twitter presence offers young women an outlet to express themselves in a more open way: they can use Twitter and Bieber as a way to "tweet and blog their woes to the world." Bieber's fans use the service to vie for his attention; in one instance, friends of 20-year old Hélène Campbell successfully lobbied Bieber to tweet about Campbell's need for an organ transplant. The Trillium Gift of Life Network, which normally gets an average of 50 registrations a day for organ donation, had 1,500 in response to the tweet.

Bieber's Twitter followers frequently offer their support to him on Twitter. Following Bieber's venting on Twitter about an incident in Israel in which he was surrounded by paparazzi while trying to visit a church, thousands of fans made comments on Twitter, offering him positive advice and in a few cases making abusive comments about the photographers. They also offered support to him after he was attacked at Macy's.

Twitter has provided introductions to celebrities like Ashton Kutcher for Bieber; after meeting on the service, Bieber and Kutcher have worked together on pranks. Celebrities like Joel Madden and David Haye have tweeted about meeting or working with Bieber, or about seeing him live and in concert. While the movie Justin Bieber: Never Say Never had an Internet Movie Database (IMDB) score of 1.1 out of a possible 10, the number of tweets written about the film was more comparable to higher-rated films' tweet rates, such as the 167,000 tweets made about Inception, which earned an IMBD score of 8.9.

Mishaps and controversy

Bieber, along with other celebrities, has been the subject of false reports of his death on Twitter, some of which became so popular that they were trending topics and Bieber felt he had to respond to the rumours. After actress Marg Helgenberger publicly criticised his on-set behaviour while filming an episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation in which he made a guest appearance, Bieber defended himself on Twitter.

Actor Charlie Sheen attempted to send a direct message to Bieber, but failed and inadvertently revealed his phone number to all his Twitter followers in December 2011. As a result, Sheen needed to get a new number. Sheen's tweet was named as one of the top ten Twitter faux pas of 2011 by The Daily Telegraph. In August 2010, a young American man cracked one of Justin Bieber's social media accounts and then posted about it online. In response, Bieber posted the cracker's home phone number to Bieber's own Twitter account, claiming the cracker's phone number was his own. Bieber's fans then bombarded the number with phone calls and more than 26,000 text messages that resulted in the young man's family incurring USD$25,000 in charges. Bieber made a tweet in March 2012 that said "call me now" and included a phone number for a Texas couple. He subsequently deleted the tweet, but it was viewed by his followers in the interim. The couple were bombarded with phone calls, and threatened to sue Bieber for having made the tweet.

In November 2009, Bieber was scheduled to appear at Roosevelt Field Mall on Long Island. Several thousand fans showed up and the police were called in response to the unstable situation. The police requested that Bieber's manager, Scooter Braun calm the situation by informing fans the event was cancelled. Braun claimed to have sent the requested tweets within seven minutes, but police alleged it took him two hours and charged Braun with reckless endangerment and criminal nuisance for failing to respond promptly.

Though Bieber's media representatives quickly denied a June 2011 report that Bieber had been attacked by someone named Tom Petterson, his fans took to Twitter to voice their outrage over the alleged attack and made a number of death threats. In October 2011, Mariah Yeater falsely accused Bieber fathering a child with her. Bieber addressed the accusation on Twitter on 21 April 2012, saying, "Dear mariah yeeter...we have never met...so from the heart i just wanted to say..." followed by a link to a YouTube video of Borat repeatedly saying “You will never get this”. Bieber's fans continued to be abusive towards Yeater as a result of the controversy in a conversation that trended on Twitter for 12 hours. Bieber fans threatened Yeater in response to the allegations.

Notes

1. This article is about both Bieber as a topic on Twitter and Bieber's use of Twitter.
2. Twitter defines a follower as "another Twitter user who has followed you." Twitter explains this, saying: "Followers are people who receive your Tweets. If someone follows you: They'll show up in your Followers list. They see your Tweets whenever they log in to Twitter. You can send them direct messages."
3. According to Braun, only one other person has access to Bieber's Twitter password and when some one else other than Bieber is Tweeting, it is made clear to Bieber's followers.
4. tweet is a verb, defined by Twitter as "The act of posting a message, often called a "Tweet", on Twitter."
5. Business Week defined a reTweet as "To repost something that's already in the Twitter stream. Usually preceeded by "RT" and "@," to give credit to the original poster." Twitter defines reTweet as a noun as "A Tweet by another user, forwarded to you by someone you follow. Often used to spread news or share valuable findings on Twitter." and a verb as "The act of forwarding another user's Tweet to all of your followers."
6. Other sources confirm this including newspapers, magazines and books:
7. Other sources support this though the numbers vary from 22 million to 22.5 million to 22.6 million to 22.9 million along with the date as either 31 May 2012 or 1 June 2012.

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External links

• Justin Bieber on Twitter

• Justin Bieber
• Twitter accounts