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Revision as of 15:00, 19 July 2012

Adverse effects to CT

DNA damage

The ionizing radiation in the form of x-rays used in CT scans are energetic enough to directly or indirectly damage DNA. In each cell tens of single strand breaks, and about one or two double strand breaks are induced for each 20 mGy of absorbed ionizing radiation. The number of double strand breaks per cell is linear with the absorbed dose of radiation. Some prevalent CT scans cause the body to absorb radiation of a magnitude that is sufficient to cause each cell in the irradiated volume to suffer at least one double strand break. Double strand breaks are the most serious and potentially lethal type of cellular damage, and the most difficult to repair. This and other types of DNA damage are occasionally not repaired properly by cellular repair mechanisms. Failure to repair a double strand break can trigger cell death. Erroneous repair of damage to the genes that control cell division or programmed cell death, occasionally lead to cancer. The probability of ionizing radiation of a certain magnitude to cause the particular specific DNA damage that lead to cancer is estimated by statistical analysis. Some people have a defect in their cell's mechanisms that repair double strand breaks, and thus suffer more than other people from not properly repaired double strand breaks.

Eye cataracts

An accumulated absorbed dose of 500 mGy can cause cataracts, and opacity of the eye lens.

Circulatory disease

It is assumed that an accumulated absorbed dose of 500 mGy can cause circulatory disease, including cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease.

Cognitive impairment

Cognitive impairment in adult life was detected after exposure of infants younger than 18 months to doses grater than 100 mGy.

Cognitive effects

CT scans involve use of ionizing radiation, which is classified as a neurotoxicant. A 2004 cohort study concluded that irradiation of the brain with dose levels overlapping those imparted by computed tomography can, in at least some instances, adversely affect intellectual development. Prenatal exposure to ionizing radiation at the 8-15 and 16-25 weeks after ovulation was found to induce severe mental retardation as well as variation in intelligence quotient (IQ) and school performance. It is uncertain, if there exist a threshold, under which one or more of these effects, of prenatal exposure to ionizing radiation, do not exist. Cumulative equivalent doses above 500 mSv of ionizing radiation, which head CT scans can contribute to, were proven with epidemiological evidences to cause cerebro-vascular atherosclerotic damage.

1. ^ Brenner DJ, Hall EJ (2007). "Computed tomography--an increasing source of radiation exposure". N. Engl. J. Med. 357 (22): 2277–84. doi:10.1056/NEJMra072149. PMID 18046031. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
2. "Report from the Radiation Therapy Committee ... - PubMed - NCBI".
3. ^ Nguyen PK, Wu JC (2011). "Radiation exposure from imaging tests: is there an increased cancer risk?". Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 9 (2): 177–83. doi:10.1586/erc.10.184. PMC 3102578. PMID 21453214. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
4. ^ "DNA double-strand break repair, immu... - PubMed - NCBI".
5. Furlow, B (2010 May-Jun). "Radiation dose in computed tomography" (PDF). Radiologic technology. 81 (5): 437–50. PMID 20445138. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
6. "Molecular nature of radiation injury and DNA r... - PubMed - NCBI".
7. "DNA double strand break repai... - PubMed - NCBI".
8. ^ "www.icrp.org" (PDF).
9. ^ Statement on Tissue Reactions
10. Environmental factors associated with a spectrum of neurodevelopmental deficits.
11. Effect of low doses of ionising radiation in infancy on cognitive function in adulthood: Swedish population based cohort study
12. Low radiation doses; are they harmful in infancy?
13. Radiation-related brain damage and growth retardation among the prenatally exposed atomic bomb survivors.
14. Cancer and non-cancer brain and eye effects of chronic low-dose ionizing radiation exposure.

Cognitive effects

A 2004 cohort study concluded that irradiation of the brain with dose levels overlapping those imparted by computed tomography can, in at least some instances, adversely affect intellectual development.

References

1. Effect of low doses of ionising radiation in infancy on cognitive function in adulthood: Swedish population based cohort study
2. Low radiation doses; are they harmful in infancy?

Welcome

Welcome to Misplaced Pages! I've been reading your IP posts, and I'm glad you decided to register a user name. You'll probably find you get a bit more respect that way.

Even though I basically reverted some of your edits today, I feel sympathetic for the effort you've put in and the difficulties you've faced. When I find some poor quality material on Misplaced Pages, I usually try to make it better rather than just delete it. And when disputing it on a talk page, I usually try to educate people on the technical issues rather than rely on policy. But when people get overwhelmed, they are allowed to just delete low quality stuff and point to policy, without taking the time to give you solid explanations. I'd say that's basically what happened with your edits on X-ray computed tomography, where they're apparently maintaining some very high standards of quality. They did it to me too, essentially.

So let me try to explain some of the technical points to you. First, DSB's are interesting, but the latest research suggests that they're not necessarily the most important damage mechanism. Rather, it looks like damage elsewhere in the cell starts something in motion that later damages the genetic code, perhaps years later. So going into detailed DSB calculations about CT scans might be proven irrelevant by future research, and should not be given too much weight for now. Second, it's important to realize that 1 mSv = 1 mGy by definition, even though CTDI ≠ absorbed dose ≠ equivalent dose ≠ effective dose. Sieverts and grays are units, whereas the other things are quantities. I think just getting that language straight would have avoided a lot of debate. (And you were not the only one to trip over it.) And overall, I'd say the evidence on adult cognitive decline is not conclusive. There's data in favour, but biology's complicated. It's still in the stage where I wouldn't be surprised if someone came up with another study saying we got it all wrong and the opposite is true, kind of like the DSB stuff. That's why the experienced guys prefer to wait for the secondary sources to come out.

Thanks to your persistance, you have gotten some of the improvements you wanted into the article. It now mentions double strand breaks; the table now includes organ absorbed dose; and Doc James himself has found good citations to support a discussion of excessive doses. I say this so that you can take heart in the fact that we all share the same goal of a more complete and accurate encyclopedia, and people are listening to you in spite of any acrimony. So please, take this account as a chance for a fresh start, forgive and forget the disputes, and be prepared to have your edits held to high standards if you want to keep editing pages patrolled by doctors. Welcome aboard!--Yannick (talk) 02:36, 23 June 2012 (UTC)

Thanks for the welcome :)

I didn't read yet all the book you pointed me to but I searched there and found: "Although it has long been assumed that unrejoined double-strand breaks are the critical DNA lesions responsible for cell killing by radiation, it has now become evident that incorrectly rejoined DNA double-strand breaks are important mutagenic and carcinogenic lesions. This DNA misrepair can lead to single base alterations as well as large-scale genetic changes, including chromosomal deletions and rearrangements, particularly when more than one double-strand break is involved. DNA structural analyses of radiation-induced mutants at specific gene loci in human cells indicate that most mutations arise as a result of such large-scale genetic and chromosomal changes", which indicate that double strand breaks are important. Could you quote the section that led you to write "First, DSB's are interesting, but the latest research suggests that they're not necessarily the most important damage mechanism. Rather, it looks like damage elsewhere in the cell starts something in motion that later damages the genetic code, perhaps years later."?

I think that the DNA is the operating system of the cells, changing it can damage the cell operation.

About the Sv=Gy, this thing is very dependent on the exposure scenario (uniform vs non-uniform exposure). I think that I understand this part OK. It can be equal, or not equal, depending on the scenario.

About the cognitive stuff, there is a study for infants, and I think that it is important that parents will know that, since such a study took a few decades to complete, and if the parents will not be informed until the study will be repeated, their children would be damaged by ionizing radiation by the time the results would arrive, which could confirm the first study. There is also evidence for cerebro-vascular atherosclerosis for adult, which look to me like a review article, and the other editors don't accept it just because it talk about ionizing radiation and not CT ionizing radiation, which is irrelevant.

I sense a lot of bias in the editing of that article. For example, Yobol has moved the whole adverse effects section to near the end of the article, which look like trying to sweep the side effect under the carpet. The other editing decisions have the same common motive - tone down, surround with clutter, or remove anything related to adverse effects.Nenpog (talk) 03:37, 23 June 2012 (UTC)

You are attributing motives to others, and I think that's unjustified in this case. I think you need to assume more good faith on my part and that of other editors. Some of the people you see as opponents have made important edits explaining the risks of radiation, and you seem to misunderstand their objections to your work. For the most part, people have not argued that you're wrong, only that you need to be using better sources and provide more balance. You seem to have very narrow and deep knowledge of some very specialized sub-topics, and some of us with broader knowledge are saying, well that's true, but it's not the whole story, and you seem to be over-generalizing lessons from your special area of knowledge. Ever heard the saying that a little knowledge is a dangerous thing?

The DSB stuff is a good example. I've agreed that DSB's are important, and so did the other editors. But there's reason to suspect that other cytoplasmic transformations and epigenetic changes may be more important. How do you explain the bystander effect with DSB's alone? You should read that chapter I pointed out to you. I spent hours studying it before trying to summarize it into radiation-induced cancer, and the other editors your talking to have probably read something equivalent. I don't see why you should be exempted from doing having to do that background work. You would find answers to some of your own questions there. In particular, look at the section on "Radiation-Induced Genomic Instability."

Now if you don't mind, let's look a bit about your motives. You hint at motives beyond encyclopedic accuracy when you say that it's important for parents to know about recent studies regarding cognitive decline. I have to agree with you that more people will probably die or be harmed before all the facts are on the table and confirmed, and it is a noble pursuit to accelerate that process. But encyclopedias are not the best place to present current medical research, which is basically what primary sources amount to. Maybe you want to join in medical research yourself, or become a journalist, or just write a letter to the editor of major newspapers. But an Misplaced Pages's mission is more about presenting the established facts, not about promoting the latest ideas.

Oh, and about units. 1 Sv = 1 Gy = 1 J/kg always by definition. They're units, mathematical entities, and they don't at all depend on exposure scenario. 1 Gy of absorbed dose might equal 10 Sv or 0.1 Sv of effective dose, and 1 Sv of of equivalent dose might equal 0.8 Sv of effective dose, but the difference is in the quantities, not the units. This is kind of a pet peeve of mine that people don't understand the difference between units and quantities.--Yannick (talk) 11:27, 23 June 2012 (UTC)

DNA damage

The ionizing radiation in the form of x-rays used in CT scans are energetic enough to directly or indirectly damage DNA. In each cell tens of single strand breaks, and about one or two double strand break are induced for each 20 mGy of absorbed ionizing radiation. The number of double strand breaks per cell is linear with the absorbed dose of radiation. Double strand breaks are the most serious and potentially lethal type of cellular damage, and the most difficult to repair. This and other types of DNA damage are occasionally not corrected properly by cellular repair mechanisms. Such not properly repaired damage to the genes that control cell division or programmed cell death, occasionally lead to cancer, as is reflected by the statistics, however other genes, that support other cellular functions are occasionally damaged as well.

Sandbox

Hi Nenpog,

I think you'll find it more pratical to put your draft material in your sandbox, which is here. You can access it by clicking on "My sandbox" at the top of any page while you're logged in. This talk page is usually only used for conversations with other users.--Yannick (talk) 15:59, 24 June 2012 (UTC)

Your recent edits

Hello. In case you didn't know, when you add content to talk pages and Misplaced Pages pages that have open discussion, you should sign your posts by typing four tildes ( ~~~~ ) at the end of your comment. You could also click on the signature button or located above the edit window. This will automatically insert a signature with your username or IP address and the time you posted the comment. This information is useful because other editors will be able to tell who said what, and when they said it. Thank you. --SineBot (talk) 14:54, 26 June 2012 (UTC)

Please reconsider

Oh Nenpog. From what I can tell, you've been editing since June 6th, less than a month, and you've opened three formal disputes. I've been editing for 7 years, I have almost 4500 edits, 80% of which were on articles, I helped write an early version of the COI policy, and I think this might be the first time I've been named in a dispute. How do you explain the difference to yourself?

Picture this: you're part of a club, say one that's making a big model trainset. You've been around the club for a few years, you go to meetings, you've made friends, you read the newsletter regularly. A new guy joins the club, and right away he's complaining that one little part of the trainset is not safe and needs to be fixed. A few of the more senior guys who built that bit don't want to change it. Within a month, the new guy is raising motions to censure the old guys, calling disciplinary hearings, and quoting the club's constitution. The new guy might be right. He might even get that safety issue fixed. But how do you think this story is going to turn out for him?--Yannick (talk) 02:46, 29 June 2012 (UTC)

You were named as part of the dispute, because a volunteer at the DRN wrote to me once that every editor that discusses the matter in the article talk page should be summoned.

The discussion at the COIN was opened because TransporterMan objected to discussion of COI at the DRN, and suggested discussing it at the COIN, which seemed to me the best place to have a discussion regarding COIs.

How do you think this is going to turn out for me?

Can you compare what you think would happen to me, to what would happens to an infant, if he would undergo a CT and suffer cognitive impairment for the rest of his life as a result of the CT, after his parents read the Misplaced Pages CT page?

I am doing this for that infant. I am not doing this in order to make friends with the club. --Nenpog (talk) 04:45, 29 June 2012 (UTC)

Hello Nenpog, as an uninvolved administrator here, I will register my concern at your statement above. Our purpose here is to improve articles, not to defend the supposed rights of some theoretical infant which suits our editorial purpose. You are showing a battleground attitude where you feel it is justified to fight at all costs. I have to inform you this is not acceptable and fighting for "that infant" is very likely going to get you blocked from editing. You have been asked several times now to stop throwing around COI allegations, and here is a clear warning for you: if you persist in your theme of impending martyrdom, I will make that happen. Otherwise, please just accept the community judgement on whether your sources are RS, DUE and NPOV. Thanks! Franamax (talk) 05:38, 29 June 2012 (UTC)

I can believe that you have a good and noble heart, Nenpog. But this isn't the real train; it's just the model trainset. If parents had to choose between trusting a doctor's advice or a Misplaced Pages article, which way do you think they would decide? And don't you think that doctors are likely to warn or guard against the cognitive impairment risk in the first place? We are, after all, taking this information from medical articles. If you want to be a hero, I suggest you look into volunteering opportunities in your community. How about volunteering at your local cancer ward, where you could speak directly to those affected by CT scans and learn about all the concerns they need to balance? I think you are unlikely to find fulfillment for your protective instincts on Misplaced Pages.--Yannick (talk) 13:10, 29 June 2012 (UTC)

Best of Luck

How does your face feel being totally flat? You beat your head against the wall, here, with your attempts to make things right. You need to do some research about Misplaced Pages outside of it's protected fantasy walls. You should soon see that the system is not equitable to people wanting to do the right thing and that it is run by a Nazi-like regeim of mostly snotty-nosed nerdpaks that were kicked in the face everyday by bullies as children and now need to get even with the world by bullying themselves. The WP rules have so many contradictions, written by the bullies themselves they can always pull one out of their sleeves to smash you in the face with.

Please check my page later to see if I even exist for making these comments. Did you know that WP administrators not liking any exposure of their behaviour can remove comments and editing without a trace? Yeah, they are ashamed of it. It's done all the time and simple mention of it will get you banned. Just watch me. Better write donw my IP address 'cause not likely there will even be a trace.

Misplaced Pages is not about truth or wehat is real, it's about what has sources that fit the definition, even though one definition doesn't fit in all cases. Jimbo Wales will tell you that and has reported it publicly in many places.

Careful. If you persist they will threaten your ISP with action and the next thing you could be looking for a new one. Tell your friends. Many have so far.

In Google.ca you can block the search engine from finding results from severely faulty websites. Once few people look for results there Jimbo will have to clean up his act or Misplaced Pages will fall by the wayside as a massive joke. Too bad really. Nice idea but it takes work and input by people that care, not people that have emotional issues. 99.251.125.65 (talk) 15:47, 30 June 2012 (UTC)

I have no opinion on CTs. I am not involved with any articles involved. I only have experience watching and laughing at the frustrated users attempting to help out here. I haven't even bothered to read any of the articles you have been involved in. I have only read some of your edits and watched as the bullies try to shut you up. As a matter of interest I came to your user page and watched how the facts have been twisted in order to shut you up by making you the bad guy. I have witnessed this many dozens of times. I only observe this to answer questions about my own experiences wondering WTF happened and what I was doing here in the first place. Internet's largest deceptive website. Hey! I apparently survived more than an hour past the last post. Very nontypical for the stalkers that love to bully somebody else. Some actually follow me. Oh!... EU time difference may give me a few more hours. Check back in a day or so.

Live well and save your time, effort and self-respect, brother. Spread the word. Lots of it out there so far. 99.251.125.65 (talk) 18:26, 30 June 2012 (UTC)

Actually after reading your page, here, I would say that you have an editor, Yannick that is being very gentle with you. Most of these people fit the bully profile and just slam you with warnings and bans. You have a few threats but Yannick has been very helpful and coaching. Very good heart. As far as the threatening ones any persistence will most likely get you banned. The rules never apply to the bullies but only to others. Best of luck.99.251.125.65 (talk) 05:14, 1 July 2012 (UTC)

Re: CT scan article

Thanks for the note about the scan dose in the CT scan article! I went right by it for some reason. I made the changes you indicated. Thanks! 208.53.72.112 (talk) 01:13, 2 July 2012 (UTC)

BTW I am trying to insert more side effects to CT. See the talk page. If you support me at the talk page it might help (though, I think it would help more if you would do it from a user name vs. IP). --Nenpog (talk) 05:17, 2 July 2012 (UTC)

I'll do that. I actually am a physician who finds that CT scans are overused and cause far too much radiation, and that many physicians are unaware of how much radiation is involved (especially with the routine use of fine-cut protocols the past decade). I am a big advocate in limiting fine-cut protocols due to the increased radiation. Many hospitals no longer have radiologists supervising CT scans (due to cost-saving measures) and, as with much of medicine, the fewer knowledgeable individuals that supervise a dangerous technology, the more risks there are.

Of interest, though, is that radiologists and others in the radiology field actually have LOWER rates of certain cancers (probably because of the protective effects against infections and other irritants that a little bit of extra radiation affords). However, they are well-monitored for cumulative radiation doses, unlike the usual patient.

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So, you probably are familiar with the movie Repo Man and J. Frank Parnell:

Parnell: "Ever been to Utah? Ra-di-a-tion. Yes, indeed. You hear the most outrageous lies about it. Half-baked goggle-box do-gooders telling everybody it's bad for you. Pernicious nonsense. Everybody could stand a hundred chest X-rays a year. They ought to have them, too. When they canceled the project it almost did me in. One day my mind was full to bursting. The next day - nothing. Swept away. But I'll show them. I had a lobotomy in the end."

Otto: "Lobotomy? Isn't that for loonies?"

Parnell: "Not at all. Friend of mine had one. Designer of the neutron bomb. You ever hear of the neutron bomb? Destroys people - leaves buildings standing. Fits in a suitcase. It's so small, no one knows it's there until - BLAMMO. Eyes melt, skin explodes, everybody dead. So immoral, working on the thing can drive you mad. That's what happened to this friend of mine. So he had a lobotomy. Now he's well again."

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As an aside, radiation is well-known to cause cognitive defects. Whole brain irradiation is used for brain cancer and cognitive dysfunction is one of the main, and nearly universal, side-effects. Brain CTs in particular deliver focused radiation, so that it doesn't take much to realise the damage to small brains or developing brains. Having said that, the developing brain has a large programmed cell die-off (apoptosis) anyway during the first few months of life, and the brain is one of the fastest growing and most-densely connected parts of the body, so that damage often recovers quite well (at least in youth). It is extremely unlikely, absent other reasons, that CT-scan radiation damage to an infant would last a lifetime and not be compensated by the growing mechanisms of the brain. Furthermore, encephalitis, which is a frequent reason that brain CTs are done in the first place (to rule out other causes of neurologic dsfunction) tend to cause more damage than the CT scan does. It can therefore be difficult to determine the true causality of cognitive defects... (and we mustn't give into the anti-scientific motivations and "pseudo-reasoning" of lawyers).

I no longer use a user account to post because Misplaced Pages on average is a vicious, relatively uninformed, grammatically poor, and adversarial community (something I see you have quickly encountered, evidenced by the posts earlier on this page). I have seen so much misinformation intentionally posted that it angers me, and I have received many personal attacks when I used to post from a user name (I have written many, many Misplaced Pages articles over the past 6 years). I find, now, more advantage to posting anonymously rather than getting entangled with the myriad idiots that float around Misplaced Pages. I have had jerks re-write articles (that I wrote) about which I had written the original scientific articles (and have a PhD). Looking at the comments above, I can see you have quickly came embroiled in the same nonsense. BTW. I change IP address every day or two, so it is not worthwhile, in general, to correspond to someone by IP address. 208.53.72.112 (talk) 17:45, 2 July 2012 (UTC)

Funny. I didn't see that movie yet.

Theoretically you could open a pseudo-name account, but even without, whatever you could do to help would be appreciated. Currently, there are two editors that are against me, and maybe some friends of them.

You can see in my sandbox some newer versions I work on. Perhaps with better refs.

My unsourced understanding with regard to brain effects of low radiation in infancy, or pregnancy, is that it screws up the stem cells' DNA and epigenetics, and that affect the development that occur later on. There is that Swedish study, in which normal infants were irradiated, and intelligence dropped. Can't encephalitis be imaged with MRI? --Nenpog (talk) 18:17, 2 July 2012 (UTC)

The human genome has a lot of redundancy, though. The reason that the background radiation to which we are exposed is not universally crippling is becasue of those redundancies. Besides, a lot of viruses cause DNA and RNA damage, too. That's why HPV and hepatitis cause so many cancers.

I'll look and read it. Long-term side effects are often not realized until some time later. Thanks! As an aside, I've been re-writing a few-year old medical review textbook recently, and noted many claims about radiation from CT scans that are completely inaccurate. Keep up the fight (right or wrong) because the truth sometimes only becomes evident by continually searching for it. As an aside, I was censured by a hospital for trying to limit radiation to a person who had received 20 CT scans over 3 months! Even when I submitted the scientific articles, the (older) physicians (who "knew better" than the recently published studies) would not budge. Danger comes from being too rigid in one's beliefs (that is the defintion of religion, not science). Hopefully you are keeping me from being one of those physicians who "knows better", lol. MRI is very susceptible to motion artifacts, and it is nearly impossible to get an infant to stay still long enough to get a good study. Thereoretically, though, I agree with you. In fact, MRI is used for many things that in the past perhaps a CT scan or angiogram was used for (such as vascular studies and pancreatograms). Still, MRI is not universally available (I have worked at many hospitals where an MRI is only available once a week). Besides, I wasn't saying that CT scan be used for diagnosisng encephalitis, I was saying that in someone with encephalitis, the damage from that is more than the damage from a CT scan. I happen to know that one from personal experience, as my daughter had enduring developmental damage from encephalitis. I was just saying that CT scans are often done to find out the problem in infants that may have encephalitis, and that it is wrong to blame the permanent developmental disorders on the CT scans when they may have been caused by the encephalitis. Remember the recent lessons of the fraudulent autism studies, where false causality between vaccinations and autism were spread negligently (especially in the media) to the point where it got ingrained in the public consciousness. That is a very dangerous practice. 208.53.72.112 (talk) 18:38, 2 July 2012 (UTC)

In that Swedish study, the infants were irradiated in order to treat a skin problem, so they weren't irradiated due to a possible problem with their brain.

I think that maybe the radiation can get the cells inflamed, like a sunburn - if you get inflamed cells in the brain that way, is it called encephalitis?

The background radiation is 60/(2.4/365) = 9125 times smaller than what you get in a day that you have a 60 mGy head CT.

I've heard that today they think that the 98% of the DNA, that don't code genes, and that they thought was garbage, they now think that it control development. So this could explain why developing children are more susceptible to problems due to radiation. The damage is more likely to damage something in the 98% part of the DNA that control development.--Nenpog (talk) 20:54, 2 July 2012 (UTC)

If you would choose to support me from an IP that change, I think you should sign all posts using the same pseudo name. Something like writing in the end - signed Sherlock.--Nenpog (talk) 08:07, 3 July 2012 (UTC)

Forum shopping

If you keep forum shopping and badgering people about what you think is the truth on this issue, when the consensus is clearly against it could result in you being topic banned etc. I suggest you voluntarily edit other articles. You might not agree, but advice like this is to help you and prevent you from being blocked etc. IRWolfie- (talk) 11:39, 5 July 2012 (UTC)

I am not forum shopping.

You have read what other people thought of Guy's following me around with that disclaimer.

Your attempt of collapsing the discussion is a mistake. --Nenpog (talk)

CT

Thanks for your hint. I guess it is ok if he watches the quality but I really cannot see his point here. Will discuss with him. Do you have any additional backup for mentioning these books? jaeljojo (talk) 21:22, 6 July 2012 (UTC)

I am not sure if I understand "backup". I just don't think that due weight is the right argument to remove your edit. I see now in the talk page someone is saying that he think someone is trying to promote his book. That is a different argument that I am not familiar with. --Nenpog (talk) 21:41, 6 July 2012 (UTC)

July 2012

You currently appear to be engaged in an edit war according to the reverts you have made on X-ray computed tomography ‎. Users are expected to collaborate with others, to avoid editing disruptively, and to try to reach a consensus rather than repeatedly undoing other users' edits once it is known that there is a disagreement.

Please be particularly aware, Misplaced Pages's policy on edit warring states:

1. Edit warring is disruptive regardless of how many reverts you have made; that is to say, editors are not automatically "entitled" to three reverts.
2. Do not edit war even if you believe you are right.

If you find yourself in an editing dispute, use the article's talk page to discuss controversial changes; work towards a version that represents consensus among editors. You can post a request for help at an appropriate noticeboard or seek dispute resolution. In some cases it may be appropriate to request temporary page protection. If you engage in an edit war, you may be blocked from editing. Further, encouraging new editors to edit war when they can get blocked for doing so is irresponsible. IRWolfie- (talk) 13:03, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

I have not encouraged any editor to edit war. There is something called BRD , check it out, the way I understand it is that one should Boldly change the text in the article, wait for it to be Reverted, Discuss at the talk page, change the text while taking into account the discussion, and Boldly try the new text. --Nenpog (talk) 13:19, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

No that is incorrect, re-read WP:BRD again. You get consensus first then re-insert the text. IRWolfie- (talk)

I reread it up to the middle "Consensus has gotten stuck. BRD to the rescue!". Seem like you are wrong. If not please point it out with quotes this time. --Nenpog (talk) 13:45, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

"Try to move the discussion towards making a new Bold edit as quickly as possible, preferably within 24 hours or, better yet, considerably less time than that. "--Nenpog (talk) 13:50, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

Seriously, read it:

BE BOLD, and make what you currently believe to be the optimal change. Any change will do, but it is easier and wiser to proceed based on your best effort. Your change might involve adding, removing, rearranging, re-writing information.

Wait until someone reverts your edit. You have now discovered a Most Interested Person.

Discuss the changes you would like to make with this Most Interested Person, perhaps using other forms of Misplaced Pages dispute resolution as needed, and reach a compromise.

the comment "However, don't get stuck on the discussion" doesn't make sense as the changes don't seem to have even been discussed by editor. This explains the process: . IRWolfie- (talk) 13:56, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

The way I see it is that you discuss, find the other people's concern and what would be a compromise on your account considering their concerns, and put that compromise in a new bold edit. --Nenpog (talk) 14:01, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

No, you discuss it first. IRWolfie- (talk) 16:07, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

...and what did I say? Nenpog (talk) 16:21, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

Nenpog, I am not going to try to correct your misconceptions about WP:BRD because you have shown yourself to be ineducable (See Misplaced Pages:Competence is required) and incapable of even considering the possibility that you might be wrong (See Dunning–Kruger effect). What I will tell you is this. Stop edit warring or you will be blocked from editing Misplaced Pages. Consider yourself warned. --Guy Macon (talk) 16:26, 7 July 2012 (UTC)

Enough already...

Hello. This message is being sent to inform you that there is currently a discussion at Misplaced Pages:Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents regarding an issue with which you may have been involved. Thank you. AndyTheGrump (talk) 22:45, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

Nenpong, I did not read all entries but it really feels like "choose your battles" ... there is no way you will win this one. I would advise to step back and reconsider. Jaeljojo (talk) 02:39, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

It is too late to step back now, because they have already motioned to permanently ban me. I think it might help though if you put in a good word about me. You can say you haven't read all the case, but from what you know about me you think that X, Y, Z, and maybe that would help to even the odds. --Nenpog (talk) 02:56, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

Instead of trying to get someone to support what you have been doing, you should admit that what you have been doing is wrong and promise that you won't do it again. Do that, and the permanent ban will almost certainly be delayed -- until the first time you break your promise. If you keep insisting that you did nothing wrong and blaming others forv your bad behavior, you don't stand a chance. Remember this was all your own doing and you were given all sorts of chances to stop. --Guy Macon (talk) 04:09, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

Nenpong, it is never too late to step back and you have put yourself in an impossible situation. Jaeljojo (talk) 07:47, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

--Guy Macon (talk) 08:50, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

Indefinite topic ban from medical imaging and ionizing radiation

Per consensus in this thread at WP:AN/I, you are indefinitely topic-banned from posting any material related to medical imaging or ionizing radiation, broadly construed, anywhere on Misplaced Pages. The topic ban applies to all pages and all namespaces (talk pages, user talk pages, project pages, etc), with the exception that you may appeal or question this topic ban itself in the appropriate venues. The formal closure of the AN/I thread is here.

Violations of the topic ban may result in a warning or a block from editing, at the discretion of uninvolved administrators. You may appeal this topic ban at the administrator's noticeboard, or by contacting the Arbitration Committee. MastCell  17:48, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

In light of continuing issues, I'm going to expand the scope of the topic ban to include project policies and guidelines. It's obvious that you've exported your problematic editing to some of this site's core policy pages, which isn't appropriate.

Please recognize that this is an alternative to an indefinite block and siteban, which I think evidence would amply justify. If you have any interest in editing other topics, under the policies and guidelines that currently exist, you are free to do so. If you edit any project policies or guidelines, or associated talk pages, you will be blocked. MastCell  19:24, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

next steps

Hi, I didn't get a chance to vote on the ANI thread, but if I did it would have been for a time-limited topic-ban on issues of medical imaging/ionizing radiation - I felt at this point a full site ban is a bit strong. It is obvious you are new to wikipedia and are interested in contributing, but thus far you have not done so in a way that is constructive.

Allow me to suggest that you

• take a break from wikipedia for a few days, even a week. Just let it slide, relax, go do something else.
• come back to wikipedia, take some time to see how policies are negotiated, and spend time just watching conversations without actively participating, so you see the tone of things here
• then, start contributing in other areas of your interest.

I should share with you, if you continue to spend your time on talk pages arguing about the topic ban or about other ways editors have wronged you, you are very close to being banned entirely from the site, based on my reading of comments in the ANI thread. This is not about censorship, or suppression of useful discussion; it is just that the way you interact with people, it seems to irk them, and many of your suggestions do not have support from others. That to me is an indication that you should reconsider some of your positions. Just to be clear, I'm not an administrator threatening to do these things, I'm just a lowly editor, but statements elsewhere lead me to believe others are close to taking such action. I hope you take this in the spirit in which it is intended. --KarlB (talk) 19:23, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

Violation of Topic Ban

17:49, 10 July 2012: Topic Ban: (Note that the ban was very specific in saying that the only exception to the "...anywhere on Misplaced Pages. The topic ban applies to all pages and all namespaces (talk pages, user talk pages, project pages, etc)" clause was that Nenpog may appeal the topic ban itself at WP:AN or by contacting WP:ARBCOM).

18:25, 10 July 2012: First violation of Topic Ban:

Elapsed time before violating the topic ban: 36 minutes. Stay tuned for the usual "the rules don't apply to me" reply. --Guy Macon (talk) 19:37, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

I'm going to let that one instance go, because perhaps I haven't been clear enough. This needs to stop now. You (Nenpog) need to drop this dispute in all of its forms, and at all of the forums in which you've shopped it. That means no more arguing about WP:NOR, or on Jimbo's talk page, or anywhere on Misplaced Pages, about anything related to this dispute. If you want to continue editing here, you need to find another topic and edit it within this site's existing policies and guidelines. If you can't do that, or don't want to, then your account will be blocked indefinitely. MastCell  19:39, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

Is there a correct place to discuss modification of NOR , rfc maybe?— Preceding unsigned comment added by Nenpog (talk • contribs)

For you, no. You have exhausted the community's patience. Someguy1221 (talk) 20:03, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

You've already discussed this at WT:NOR, in this lengthy thread. MastCell  21:37, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

At that thread I have inquired whether something is a synthesis.

Now I ask to propose, at the appropriate place, to change the WP:NOR policy, so that that something would not be considered as synthesis.

I think that it is important that the policies would be the best that they can be, and for that reason it is important to have that discussion. --Nenpog (talk) 23:27, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

NO. --Guy Macon (talk) 23:37, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

Considering the user refuses to drop the subject I suggest we have no choice but to block at this point. Sædon 23:40, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

mastCell wrote that I can ask about the bounderies of the topic ban.

My point above was that asking about the policy, and proposing to change the policy are different topics. --Nenpog (talk) 23:44, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

And if the proposal to change the NOR is at the appropriate place within this site's existing policies and guidelines, then there should not be any harm in that. --Nenpog (talk) 23:47, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

You've made it clear that explaining things to you is akin to banging one's head against a wall so I'm not going to bother. I suspect you'll be blocked in short order if you keep arguing, but that's your call. Sædon 23:53, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

Clearly Nenpog is incapable of understanding and following simple commands like "This needs to stop now" or "You (Nenpog) need to drop this dispute in all of its forms". There is no point telling him again. Block him. --Guy Macon (talk) 23:56, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

The answer to Nenpog's question is no. Please don't edit WP:NOR, its talk page, or any other Misplaced Pages policies, guidelines, associated talk pages, etc. MastCell  00:21, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

I haven't yet lost patience. Nenpog, let me make this clear. "In light of continuing issues, I'm going to expand the scope of the topic ban to include project policies and guidelines. It's obvious that you've exported your problematic editing to some of this site's core policy pages, which isn't appropriate. " That means, no matter how well meaning, you are currently not allowed to discuss or propose changes to wikipedia policies or guidelines. This includes NOR. Thus, your *only* option at this point is to stay away from most of the pages in the Misplaced Pages: namespace, and only focus on editing articles themselves. If you edit carefully, and demonstrate a change of behavior, it is possible that the bans enacted will be lifted in the future. --KarlB (talk) 00:22, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

Exactly. Let me make this even clearer. Don't talk about it, anywhere. Don't talk about NOR, or any other policy or guideline. Don't edit any policy or guideline. Don't talk about or edit ionizing radiation, medical imaging, or anything else that anyone might possibly consider related to those two. Period. We, the community, no longer trust you to edit or discuss in those areas in a way that is beneficial to Misplaced Pages. So do something else. Try other things on Misplaced Pages that are less problematic. Do so long enough, and productively enough, and you might regain the community's trust. - Jorgath (talk) 20:55, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

Appeal?

MastCell, I am considering to prepare an appeal as suggested here. However, I can't find in the decision any information regarding evidences that were considered, and the reasons they were interpreted as convicting, and the bad behavior that was proved to have occurred. The only thing that I appear to find in the decision is that there was a consensus in favor of the decision that was taken. If the consensus is the only evidence that the decision requires, then I have nothing to appeal about, since it does seem like there was a consensus. If a consensus is not sufficient by itself, then I need to know the reasoning of the decision in order to appeal it, and I ask you to provide that information. --Nenpog (talk) 17:59, 11 July 2012 (UTC)

• If you want to appeal, I'd suggest posting on the admin's noticeboard, linking to the discussion which led to the topic-ban, and stating your case to have it reversed. In order to guarantee you a fresh hearing, I won't comment one way or the other on your appeal.

  That said, my advice to you would be the same as others have given you above, particularly Karl. There was a strong consensus that your approach was problematic, and my experience suggests that if you simply appeal for the sake of having another "jury", they'll reach the same conclusion or possibly a harsher one. I think your appeal is most likely to be successful if you take a step back, work on something else for awhile, and build a track record of productive and collaborative editing. Because Misplaced Pages contributors are pseudonymous, this tends to be a very reputation-based system. It's not impossible to dig oneself out of a hole like the one you're in, but the most likely way forward is to work on understanding how this site works and doing good work elsewhere before you come back and request that the topic-ban be lifted. MastCell  17:01, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

MastCell, I don't understand from your reply if the evidence that justified your decision is the consensus or that you have evidence of something wrong that I did.

To be clear: In my view I did nothing wrong, and in my view no one have presented evidences that I did something wrong. That discussion in the AN/I, in my view, is just a bunch of unsubstantiated opinions. No one have presented (A) the part of the policy that I broke (B) the statements that I made that broke that part.

If I did something wrong, then I need to know what you thought these A&B are, in order to avoid repeating my mistakes, and if I didn't do anything wrong, then I also need to know what you thought these A&B are, in order to appeal your judgment. Thus in any case I need to know these A&Bs. --Nenpog (talk) 18:00, 12 July 2012 (UTC)

I think I and others have explained at great length what you did wrong. Among other things, you've flooded the talk page with posts, edit-warred, and forum-shopped a single pet cause while ignoring the voluminous feedback you've received. Misplaced Pages is a freely editable volunteer project; those behaviors disrupt its functioning; so volunteers who repeatedly engage in them are often restricted from editing.

I think you need to realize that if your goal is to get out the word about a single cause which you feel very deeply about, then Misplaced Pages may not be the right venue for you (all of this is summarized in Misplaced Pages:Tendentious editing).

If you believe you did nothing wrong and that there is no basis for this topic ban, then you can say that in your appeal. I don't think that approach is going to succeed, but it's up to you and, as I said, I will stay out of it. MastCell  17:18, 13 July 2012 (UTC)

Forum-shopped - please show me quotes of my statements that show that I raised essentially the same issue on multiple noticeboards, or to multiple administrators.

Flooded the talk page with posts - I think I conversed, not flooded. I posted questions regarding to contributions that were deleted, and I responded to the replies. That is a normal part of the WP:BRD process. Flood is to post and post and post with total disregard to others. That is not what happened. Do you have quotes/diffs, that show that this is what happened? What policy is this related to?

Edit-warred - I was already blocked for 24h for that accusation. I didn't edit warred after that block. Are you punishing me twice for the same accusation event that happened during my first week or so to the dispute, and where the other experienced editors behaved worse than I did, and gave me a bad example? --Nenpog (talk) 17:36, 13 July 2012 (UTC)

Nenpog, this nonsense has got to stop. It is not MastCell who has imposed the topic ban on you, it is the Misplaced Pages community. Per consensus in this thread at WP:AN/I, you are indefinitely topic-banned from posting any material related to medical imaging or ionizing radiation, broadly construed, anywhere on Misplaced Pages. The topic ban applies to all pages and all namespaces (talk pages, user talk pages, project pages, etc), with the exception that you may appeal or question this topic ban itself in the appropriate venues. The formal closure of the AN/I thread is here. It also includes attempting to get policies and guidelines changed to support the edits you are topic banned from making. Violations of the topic ban may result in a warning or a block from editing, at the discretion of uninvolved administrators. If, as it appears, you are unable to follow the ANI discussion or comprehend why you were topic banned, I recommend that you simply abide by the ban, as any attempt to appeal it by arguing that the decision is not based on any evidence is likely to result in you being permanently blocked from editing on the grounds that you lack the competence required to do so. Elen of the Roads (talk) 22:08, 15 July 2012 (UTC)

Elen Roads, I resent your suggestion that I am incompetent for not understanding where I did anything against any policy, while since I asked, for 5 days no one and no body has been able to provide even a single quote that show where I did anything against any policy.

BTW, If someone does e.g. forum shop, it should be very easy to provide quotes that support that accusation - all is needed is two quotes from two different noticeboards or different administrators, that are essentially about the same topic.

I did read the thread at the AN/I, and it include false accusations, and a whole lot of discussions of what the appropriate punishment for the false accusations should be, however it does not include any quote of my statements that support the accusations.

Note, that I understood from MastCell that I am permitted to query him with regard to his decision in this talk page. I think, that during this discussion none of the banned topics were discussed, and thus this discussion itself does not violate the topic ban, and/or is permitted by an administrator. However, if you wish to administratively order me to stop this discussion, I will respect that. --Nenpog (talk) 00:05, 16 July 2012 (UTC)

Nenpeg, the next time you make a posting accusing people of making 'false accusations', I will open another thread on WP:AN/I asking that, since you have done absolutely nothing for the benefit of Misplaced Pages since your topic ban, you be blocked from editing Misplaced Pages indefinitely, on the grounds that you are a net liability to the project. You have been repeatedly told to either appeal against the topic ban in the appropriate place, or let the issue rest, and do something useful elsewhere on Misplaced Pages. Doing anything else will have no effect at all, at best, and given your present behaviour, is making the situation worse for you. It is your choice - make your mind up. AndyTheGrump (talk) 00:26, 16 July 2012 (UTC)

Your recent edits

Hello. In case you didn't know, when you add content to talk pages and Misplaced Pages pages that have open discussion, you should sign your posts by typing four tildes ( ~~~~ ) at the end of your comment. You could also click on the signature button or located above the edit window. This will automatically insert a signature with your username or IP address and the time you posted the comment. This information is useful because other editors will be able to tell who said what, and when they said it. Thank you. --SineBot (talk) 15:35, 18 July 2012 (UTC)

Your future plans on Misplaced Pages

Once you have exhausted this appeal process with the Arbitration Request, do you plan to continue to pursue appeals or simply graciously accept the topic ban and work within it in a positive way? -- Avanu (talk) 17:59, 18 July 2012 (UTC)

I am blocked now, for working withing the guidelines, and with respect to the policies. At the same time, people with obvious COIs and bias, who abuse the policies and work against guidelines, enjoy the support of the community, and will be free to continue with their biased and COIed endeavors without restriction.

I saw your attempt to undo that administrator's overreach, just to be accused yourself regarding your statistics.

I will now think if I should consider the actions of people here as fair, just because the actions had a local majority at their respective discussions. It is an interesting question. It will take me some time to arrive with a conclusion. What do you think? Should I consider them as fair? BTW, do you think you are free to speak the truth here? Nenpog (talk) 11:52, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

I believe I am imminently free and able to explain and speak truth in this matter. My protest of your block was on a rather technical basis in favor of the general good. The problem here, Nenpog, is that you should have just listened to so many of us trying to tell you to let this be. When things are so overwhelmingly stacked against you, there is generally no good reason to fight it unless there is a larger principle at stake. A slight improvement to a Misplaced Pages article isn't "a larger principle at stake". The encyclopedia has millions of articles, and so generally if you can't work in one area, there are many others that you can look at and start editing.

But you wanted to pursue one issue doggedly. As I said, unless it is something that you can get a community of people to endorse, you must be patient and take time. I'm not sure why you weren't willing to take our advice. I think a lot of people wanted to help you here. And actually, I think it isn't too late for you to make things better and come back to editing, but as someone said, you have almost no edits to the Articles and a ton of edits dedicated just to this fight you would not stop fighting. It would take an extreme amount of committment on your part and if you found someone willing to give you that chance, it would be your last chance for a while.

Those people you say have "obvious COIs and bias", etc, are just regular people. They're not actually any more biased than any regular person, but they don't really want to keep arguing with you. They aren't perfect, but in this situation, you had a dozen people telling you if you stick your hand in the hole, the snake will bite it. But you kept sticking your hand in the hole. So the fault here is more yours. I don't know whether you can redeem yourself or not, but I have some hope that you can. But it needs to start with you realizing why this happened and how you can work as a partner with these other people, working slowly, patiently, and sometimes in futility, toward a common goal. You can't win 'em all. What is more important in a community is that you honor other people, often ahead of the goal itself. If you can't play on a team, and the team ends up pushing you out, you don't get to do anything. But you can listen to your teammates and play the game that we have to play, then we all get to win. That's just the way life works. -- Avanu (talk) 13:22, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

There are larger principles at stake here. If it is possible to reject delivery of well sourced information on one article, then it is possible to reject such information on other articles as well. This lead to a biased encyclopedia that is based on the COIs and politics of a small minority of people.

An other larger principle that is at stake here, is the fairness of the proceedings. The technicality issue which you have encountered is just one example of it, the lack of proof of evidences at the discussion that led to my topic ban is an other example, and the discussion regarding my complaint at the WQA on Guy Macon's wikihounding me, where clear evidences were simply ignored, is an other example.

BTW, I asked someone why forum shopping is forbidden, and I was answered, because you can't bring the same issue up again and again until you find an administrator that is willing to kick ass for you. Well. I didn't bring any issue again and again on the talk pages I communicated through, and certainly I was only seeking answers that COIed and biased people weren't truthfully giving, and not an administrator who would kick ass for me. This due to being new here, and facing contradictions between the policy pages, which should reflect the real consensus of the community, and the opinions of a small minority with which I communicated. On the other hand Guy Macon brought up exactly the same issue again and again, on all the forums that I communicated through, until an administrator was willing to kick (my) ass for him. Now, that is real forum shopping. But no one is taking any action against him. A double standard I think.

If I sum it all up, I find that the procedures through which things are decided has nothing to do with the truth, and I think that this is the reason, that the articles themselves don't reflect the truth. An other way to say the same thing is that the fish stinks from the head. I sniffed some rotten fins, so I went up the spine, which also smelled bad, up and up, got to the head, and no surprise, it stank too. Why I did it despite all warnings, you asked, well the answer is that I had to verify this, and I did. --Nenpog (talk) 14:16, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

(ec)

This is no longer about fair. As has been mentioned above, you have been given many chances to comply with standards of behavior. I realize that no-one ever provided you with diffs, but it is obvious that you were forum shopping - even if the questions weren't the same, they were very closely related, and all tied to the same issue, just worded in different ways. Several people suggested to you that you not raise this case further, but you went ahead and filed an appeal and attacked people during the appeal itself (instead of just focusing on the appeal of the topic ban). You haven't shown a capacity to listen to good advice from people who've been here longer than you have. And even your recent block was, in review, rather generous - all you have to do is agree to the conditions, and you will be unblocked; many blocks I've seen have no such easy out. Again, wikipedia is not a court of law, you are not entitled to a fair trial, etc; this is a volunteer community, and if you irritate enough people, especially those admins who have been here a long time and seen lots of other editors come and go, at some point it just isn't worth it, and the axe comes down. I admit that there are some who have hounded you, which I think is unfortunate, but they didn't make the final decision - uninvolved admins, who had zero interaction with you, simply looked at your edit history, almost all came to basically the same conclusion. In addition to what Avanu said, there are not only 4M articles, there are tens of thousands of active editors. --KarlB (talk) 13:27, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

Do me a favor and find one example of diffs that support the forum shopping allegations. --Nenpog (talk) 14:21, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

RFC/U

Misplaced Pages:Requests for comment/Nenpog

--Guy Macon (talk) 00:06, 19 July 2012 (UTC) CANCELLED. --Guy Macon (talk) 01:45, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

Blocked

I've blocked you for disruptive behavior. Specifically, filing, and continuing to engage in after being counseled not to, a vexatious request for arbitration. Generally, for engaging in disruptive behavior with respect to the X-ray computed tomography. I will unblock you when you agree to the following:

1. That you will abide by the topic ban enacted at Misplaced Pages:Administrators'_noticeboard/IncidentArchive759#User:Nenpog;

2. That you will not seek a review of the topic ban for a period of at least one year;

3. That you will not initiate dispute resolution discussions concerning the editors who participated in the ANI dispute or whom you have listed at the request for arbitration.

If you desire to be unblocked, you may indicate your assent to the above here as I am watching your talk page. Thank you. MBisanz 01:38, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

Notice

Hello. This message is being sent to inform you that there is currently a discussion at Misplaced Pages:Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents regarding an issue with which you may have been involved. The thread is Admin overreach. Thank you. -- Luke (Talk) 02:08, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

Thanks. I just saw it and it is already closed. I think it wouldn't have mattered though, because I was blocked and wouldn't have been able to participate anyway.

RFAR request rejected

Per this, the RFAR request that you were listed as a party in was rejected and closed. - Penwhale | 12:28, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

1. ^ Cite error: The named reference NEJM was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
2. "Report from the Radiation Therapy Committee ... - PubMed - NCBI".
3. ^ Nguyen PK, Wu JC (2011). "Radiation exposure from imaging tests: is there an increased cancer risk?". Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 9 (2): 177–83. doi:10.1586/erc.10.184. PMC 3102578. PMID 21453214. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
4. Cite error: The named reference Furlow2010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).