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| '''Lake Michigan–Huron''', sometimes '''Lake Huron–Michigan''', is a |
'''Lake Michigan–Huron''', sometimes '''Lake Huron–Michigan''', is a body of freshwater, within the ] system of ]. Unique among the Great Lakes, Lakes ] and ] may be considered ] one lake.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/243396/Great-Lakes/39974/Physiography | title=Great Lakes: Physiography | publisher=Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. | work=Encyclopedia Britannica | accessdate=September 17, 2012}}</ref> They are connected at the ], which are {{convert|5|mi|km|0}} wide and {{convert|120|ft|m}} deep,<ref>"?" Pearson Education, Inc: Information Please Database, 2007.</ref> small in comparison to the body of water as a whole.<ref name="Grady">{{cite book |last= Grady |first=Wayne |title= The Great Lakes|publisher= Greystone Books and ]| location=Vancouver |year= 2007 |isbn= 978-1-55365-197-0 |pages= 42–43}}</ref> On average the water in the two lakes is at an elevation of {{convert|577|ft|m|0}},<ref name=nyt>{{cite book|first=John W. (ed.)|last=Wright|coauthors=Editors and reporters of ''The New York Times''|year=2006|title=The New York Times Almanac|edition=2007|publisher=Penguin Books|location=New York, New York|isbn=0-14-303820-6|page=64}}</ref> although at times their surfaces react differently to wind stress;<ref name=Mortimer59>{{harvnb|Mortimer|2000|p=59}}</ref> the flow of water between them is generally eastward but at times reversed. The main inflow to the system is from ] through ], and the main outflow is through the ].<ref name=Mortimer59>{{harvnb|Mortimer|2000|p=59}}</ref> | ||
| David Lees in '']'' writes, "Contrary to popular belief, the largest lake in the world is not Lake Superior but mighty Lake Michigan–Huron, which is a single hydrological unit linked at the Straits of Mackinac."<ref name=CG>Lees, David. "High and Dry" '']'' (May/June 2004) pp.94-108.</ref> and the ] states, "Lakes Michigan and Huron are considered to be one lake hydraulically because of their connection through the deep Straits of Mackinac."<ref>Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. "." NOAA, 2006.</ref> According to the ], "Lakes Michigan and Huron are considered to be one lake, as they rise and fall together due to their union at the Straits of Mackinac."<ref>U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. "Hydrological Components" . August 2007. p.6</ref> | David Lees in '']'' writes, "Contrary to popular belief, the largest lake in the world is not Lake Superior but mighty Lake Michigan–Huron, which is a single hydrological unit linked at the Straits of Mackinac."<ref name=CG>Lees, David. "High and Dry" '']'' (May/June 2004) pp.94-108.</ref> and the ] states, "Lakes Michigan and Huron are considered to be one lake hydraulically because of their connection through the deep Straits of Mackinac."<ref>Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. "." NOAA, 2006.</ref> According to the ], "Lakes Michigan and Huron are considered to be one lake, as they rise and fall together due to their union at the Straits of Mackinac."<ref>U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. "Hydrological Components" . August 2007. p.6</ref> | ||
Revision as of 11:34, 17 September 2012
 | It has been suggested that this article be merged into Great Lakes. (Discuss) Proposed since September 2012. |
| Lake Michigan–Huron | |
|---|---|
| Location | United States, Canada |
| Group | Great Lakes |
| Coordinates | 45°48′50″N 84°45′14″W / 45.814°N 84.754°W / 45.814; -84.754 |
| Type | Glacial |
| Primary inflows | St. Marys River |
| Primary outflows | St. Clair River |
| Basin countries | United States, Canada |
| Surface area | 45,410 sq mi (117,600 km) |
| Max. depth | 922 ft (281 m) |
| Water volume | 2,029 cu mi (8,460 km) |
| Residence time | 100 years |
| Shore length | 5,463 mi (8,792 km) |
| Surface elevation | 577 ft (176 m) |
| Settlements | Milwaukee, Chicago, Cheboygan, Port Huron |
| Shore length is not a well-defined measure. | |
Lake Michigan–Huron, sometimes Lake Huron–Michigan, is a body of freshwater, within the Great Lakes system of North America. Unique among the Great Lakes, Lakes Michigan and Huron may be considered hydrologically one lake. They are connected at the Straits of Mackinac, which are 5 miles (8 km) wide and 120 feet (37 m) deep, small in comparison to the body of water as a whole. On average the water in the two lakes is at an elevation of 577 feet (176 m), although at times their surfaces react differently to wind stress; the flow of water between them is generally eastward but at times reversed. The main inflow to the system is from Lake Superior through St. Mary's River, and the main outflow is through the St. Clair River.
David Lees in Canadian Geographic writes, "Contrary to popular belief, the largest lake in the world is not Lake Superior but mighty Lake Michigan–Huron, which is a single hydrological unit linked at the Straits of Mackinac." and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration states, "Lakes Michigan and Huron are considered to be one lake hydraulically because of their connection through the deep Straits of Mackinac." According to the United States Army Corps of Engineers, "Lakes Michigan and Huron are considered to be one lake, as they rise and fall together due to their union at the Straits of Mackinac."
See also
References
Notes
- "Great Lakes: Physiography". Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved September 17, 2012.
- "Michigan and Huron: One Lake or Two?" Pearson Education, Inc: Information Please Database, 2007.
- Grady, Wayne (2007). The Great Lakes. Vancouver: Greystone Books and David Suzuki Foundation. pp. 42–43. ISBN 978-1-55365-197-0.
- Wright, John W. (ed.) (2006). The New York Times Almanac (2007 ed.). New York, New York: Penguin Books. p. 64. ISBN 0-14-303820-6.
{{cite book}}:|first=has generic name (help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Mortimer 2000, p. 59 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMortimer2000 (help)
- Lees, David. "High and Dry" Canadian Geographic (May/June 2004) pp.94-108.
- Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. "Great Lakes Sensitivity to Climatic Forcing: Hydrological Models." NOAA, 2006.
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. "Hydrological Components" Record Low Water Levels Expected on Lake Superior. August 2007. p.6
Further reading
- Burg, J. P. (1959). "Precipitation and the levels of Lake Michigan-Huron". Journal Geophysical Research. 64: 1591–1595.
- De Geer, Sten (1928). The American manufacturing belt. Volume 4 of Geografiska annaler. Svenska Sällskapet för Antropologi och Geografi.
- Mortimer, Clifford H. (2004). Lake Michigan in motion : responses of an inland sea to weather, earth-spin, and human activities. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 59–78, 190–192, 300–309. ISBN 9780299178345.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Schaetzl, Randall J. (2000). "Postglacial Landscape Evolution of Northeastern Lower Michigan, Interpreted from Soils and Sediments". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 90 (3): 443–466. doi:10.1111/0004-5608.00204.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Schaetzl, Randall J. (2002). "Measurement, Correlation, and Mapping of Glacial Lake Algonquin Shorelines in Northern Michigan". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 92 (3): 399–415. doi:10.1111/1467-8306.00296.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Sellinger, Cynthia E. (2008). "Recent water level declines in the Lake Michigan–Huron system". Environ. Sci. Technol (42): 367–373. doi:10.1021/es070664+.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Shelton, William A. (1912). "The Lakes-to-the-Gulf Deep Waterway: I". Journal of Political Economy. 20 (6): 541–573.
External links
- Lake Iroquois
- Drifting Buoys Track Water Currents in the Great Lakes Straits of Mackinac
- Great Lakes water level observations
