| Revision as of 23:12, 26 September 2012 editBaboon43 (talk | contribs)1,650 edits removed per talk← Previous edit | Revision as of 16:50, 27 September 2012 edit undoMiddayexpress (talk | contribs)109,244 edits formation & Sidama substratumNext edit → | ||
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| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| According to Ulrich Braukämper, comprehensive analysis of the available data on the Harari suggests that they are a composite population, formed by a fusion of autochthonous, likely ] speakers, with various ]-speaking groups that entered the Harar region from the north.<ref name="Braukämper">{{cite book|last=Braukämper|first=Ulrich|title=Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia: Collected Essays|year=2002|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|isbn=3825856712|pages=37|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=HGnyk8Pg9NgC&pg=PA37&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> | |||
| The Harari people trace their ancestry to Sheikh ], also known as ''Fiqi Umar'', who in turn traced his lineage to the first ], ] (Sayid Abubakar Al-Sadiq). According to the explorer ], Fiqi Umar crossed over from the ] to the ] ten generations prior to 1854, with his six sons: Umar the Greater, Umar the Lesser, the two Abdillahs, Ahmad and Siddik.<ref>Richard Burton, ''First Footsteps in East Africa'', 1856; edited with an introduction and additional chapters by Gordon Waterfield (New York: Praeger, 1966), p. 165</ref> | The Harari people themselves trace their ancestry to Sheikh ], also known as ''Fiqi Umar'', who in turn traced his lineage to the first ], ] (Sayid Abubakar Al-Sadiq). According to the explorer ], Fiqi Umar crossed over from the ] to the ] ten generations prior to 1854, with his six sons: Umar the Greater, Umar the Lesser, the two Abdillahs, Ahmad and Siddik.<ref>Richard Burton, ''First Footsteps in East Africa'', 1856; edited with an introduction and additional chapters by Gordon Waterfield (New York: Praeger, 1966), p. 165</ref> | ||
| The modern "Harari" ethnic identity is believed to have been created in the 16th century by Harar's then Emir, ]. So as to protect the various ] peoples that inhabited the Ethiopian interior from raids by the ], Emir Nur resettled many of them in the historic city. Friction between these newcomers and the earlier settlers of Harar then developed. In order to resolve the conflict, Emir Nur had his charges destroy the genealogies of the two groups of settlers, by default replacing these traditions with a new, singular "Harari" identity.<ref name="Stauthschielke">{{cite book|last=Georg Stauth|first=Joska Samuli Schielke|title=Dimensions of Locality: Muslim Saints, Their Place and Space|year=2008|publisher=Verlag|isbn=3899429680|pages=156|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=lgAUtqL-q9UC&pg=PA156#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> | The modern "Harari" ethnic identity is believed to have been created in the 16th century by Harar's then Emir, ]. So as to protect the various ] peoples that inhabited the Ethiopian interior from raids by the ], Emir Nur resettled many of them in the historic city. Friction between these newcomers and the earlier settlers of Harar then developed. In order to resolve the conflict, Emir Nur had his charges destroy the genealogies of the two groups of settlers, by default replacing these traditions with a new, singular "Harari" identity.<ref name="Stauthschielke">{{cite book|last=Georg Stauth|first=Joska Samuli Schielke|title=Dimensions of Locality: Muslim Saints, Their Place and Space|year=2008|publisher=Verlag|isbn=3899429680|pages=156|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=lgAUtqL-q9UC&pg=PA156#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref> | ||
| ==Language== | ==Language== | ||
| The Harari people speak an ] language of the ] branch referred to as ''Gey Sinan'' ("Language of the City"). It is closely related to the ] and similar to |
The Harari people speak an ] language of the ] branch referred to as ''Gey Sinan'' ("Language of the City"). It is closely related to the ] and similar to ] and ]. | ||
| According to linguistic research by ], among others, Harari contains a ] influence from ]. This suggests that the inhabitants of Harar originally spoke Sidama with the Harari language later grafted onto it.<ref name="Wien">{{cite book|last=Universität Wien|first=Institut für Völkerkunde|title=Acta ethnologica et linguistica, Issues 3-5|year=1952|publisher=Elisabeth Stiglmayr|pages=98|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=R4BWAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> | |||
| After the Egyptian conquest of Harar, numerous ]s were additionally borrowed from ]. Gey Sinan was historically written using the ]. More recently, it has been transcribed with the ]. | |||
| Most Harari people are bilingual in ] and ], both also Afro-Asiatic languages. | |||
| ==Religion== | ==Religion== | ||
Revision as of 16:50, 27 September 2012
Ethnic group| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| Languages | |
| Harari | |
| Religion | |
| Islam Sufism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Silt'e, Zay, Sheekhaal clan |
The Harari people, also called Geyusu ("People of the City"), are an ethnic group in the Horn of Africa. Group members traditionally inhabit the city of Harar, situated in the Harari Region of eastern Ethiopia. They speak the Harari language, an Afro-Asiatic language of the Semitic branch.
History
According to Ulrich Braukämper, comprehensive analysis of the available data on the Harari suggests that they are a composite population, formed by a fusion of autochthonous, likely Cushitic speakers, with various Semitic-speaking groups that entered the Harar region from the north.
The Harari people themselves trace their ancestry to Sheikh Abadir Umar Ar-Rida, also known as Fiqi Umar, who in turn traced his lineage to the first caliph, Abu Bakr (Sayid Abubakar Al-Sadiq). According to the explorer Richard F. Burton, Fiqi Umar crossed over from the Arabian Peninsula to the Horn of Africa ten generations prior to 1854, with his six sons: Umar the Greater, Umar the Lesser, the two Abdillahs, Ahmad and Siddik.
The modern "Harari" ethnic identity is believed to have been created in the 16th century by Harar's then Emir, Nur ibn Mujahid. So as to protect the various Muslim peoples that inhabited the Ethiopian interior from raids by the Oromo, Emir Nur resettled many of them in the historic city. Friction between these newcomers and the earlier settlers of Harar then developed. In order to resolve the conflict, Emir Nur had his charges destroy the genealogies of the two groups of settlers, by default replacing these traditions with a new, singular "Harari" identity.
Language
The Harari people speak an Afro-Asiatic language of the Semitic branch referred to as Gey Sinan ("Language of the City"). It is closely related to the East Gurage languages and similar to Zay and Silt'e.
According to linguistic research by Enrico Cerulli, among others, Harari contains a substratum influence from Sidama. This suggests that the inhabitants of Harar originally spoke Sidama with the Harari language later grafted onto it.
After the Egyptian conquest of Harar, numerous loan words were additionally borrowed from Arabic. Gey Sinan was historically written using the Arabic script. More recently, it has been transcribed with the Ge'ez alphabet.
Most Harari people are bilingual in Amharic and Oromo, both also Afro-Asiatic languages.
Religion
The Harari people, like the Somali people, are distinctly known as an ethnic group of Ethiopia that is entirely affiliated with only one religion, Islam.
Diaspora
Composing just under 10% within their own city, Harari people have moved throughout Ethiopia, mainly Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa establishing families and businesses. The Harari people have also spread throughout North America as well mainly living in cities like Washington D.C., Atlanta, Toronto and Dallas. There is an estimate of about 25-30 thousand Harari peoples worldwide.
Notable Hararis
- Abdullah al-Harari, Leader of Ahbash Movement
- 'Abd Allah II ibn 'Ali 'Abd ash-Shakur, Last Emir of Harar
- `Ali ibn Da`ud, Founder of Emirate of Harar
- Abadir Umar Ar-Rida, Muslim Cleric
- Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi, Imam and General of the Adal Sultanate
References
- Braukämper, Ulrich (2002). Islamic History and Culture in Southern Ethiopia: Collected Essays. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 37. ISBN 3825856712.
- Richard Burton, First Footsteps in East Africa, 1856; edited with an introduction and additional chapters by Gordon Waterfield (New York: Praeger, 1966), p. 165
- Georg Stauth, Joska Samuli Schielke (2008). Dimensions of Locality: Muslim Saints, Their Place and Space. Verlag. p. 156. ISBN 3899429680.
- Universität Wien, Institut für Völkerkunde (1952). Acta ethnologica et linguistica, Issues 3-5. Elisabeth Stiglmayr. p. 98.
| Habesha peoples | |||
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| Multi-ethnic civic nationalism | |||
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