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| The '''Armenian National Congress''' (or '''Congress of Eastern Armenians'''<ref name="Ter-Minassian p.30">Ter-Minassian p.30</ref><ref>Stephen F. Jones ''Socialism in Georgian Colors: the European Road to Social Democracy'' (Harvard University Press, 2005), page 259</ref>) was a political congress established to provide representation for ].<ref name="Adalian p.76">Adalian p.76</ref><ref name=Herzig>{{cite book|last=Herzig|first=edited by Edmund|title=The Armenians : past and present in the making of national identity|year=2005|publisher=RoutledgeCurzon|location=London |isbn=9780700706396|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=kEVR88DKpGgC&dq|edition=1. publ.|coauthors=Kurkchiyan, Marina|accessdate=9 February 2013|page=95}}</ref><ref name=Derogy /> It first met at the Artistic Theatre in ] on {{OldStyleDate|11 October|1917|28 September}}.<ref name="Hovannisian p.87">Hovannisian ''Armenia on the Road to Independence'', p.87</ref><ref>Ter-Minassian p.30 for Old Style date</ref><ref name=Uras>{{cite book|last=Uras|first=Esat|title=The Armenians in history and the Armenian question|year=1988|publisher=Documentary Publications|location=Ankara|isbn=9789757555001|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=5AhuAAAAMAAJ&q|edition=English translation of the rev. and expanded 2. ed.|accessdate=9 February 2013|page=905}}</ref><ref name=Douglas>{{cite book|last=Douglas|first=John M.|title=The Armenians|year=1992|publisher=J.J. Winthrop Corp.|location=New York, NY|isbn=9780963138101|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=aIYlAQAAMAAJ&pg|accessdate=9 February 2013|page=358}}</ref> Its formation was prompted by the opportunities the ] provided for ] (and other minority nationalities in Russia) towards the end of ].<ref name=Herzig /> | |||
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| == Members == | |||
| The '''Congress of Eastern Armenians''' was a congress established in late September 1917 with representatives drawn from all the political organisations and parties of ]. There were around 200 delegates, of which 113 belonged to the ] party.<ref>Stephen F. Jones ''Socialism in Georgian Colors: the European Road to Social Democracy'' (Harvard University Press, 2005), page 259</ref> | |||
| The Council worked like a provisional government, with ministries of military, refugees, health and education. It was based in ]. Its decisions were accepted as Armenian decisions; given the conditions it was the best "plenipotentiary" representative parlementery system of the eastern Armenians. It was a member of the ]. | |||
| The congress consisted of 204<ref name="Ter-Minassian p.30"/> members from all over the Russian Empire, with only Armenian ] refusing to take part for ideological reasons.<ref>Hovannisian ''Republic'', pp.16-17</ref> It was dominated by the ].<ref name="Hovannisian p.87"/><ref name=Douglas /><ref>{{cite book|last=Kurkjian|first=Vahan M.|title=A history of Armenia|year=2008|publisher=Indo-European Publishing|location=Los Angeles, CA|isbn=9781604440126}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Weekly summaries : Nov. 2, 1918-Febr. 1, 1919.|year=1978|publisher=United States Military Intelligence , Volume 6|location=New York u.a.|isbn=9780824030056|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gzVFAQAAIAAJ&q}}</ref> | |||
| It had the power to negotiate with the ] and the ] and later the permanent executive committee selected by the congress declared the ]. | |||
| The composition along party lines was as follows:<ref>Ter-Minassian pp.30-31</ref> | |||
| *Dashnaks: 113 representatives | |||
| *]: 43 representatives | |||
| *Socialist Revolutionaries: 23 representatives | |||
| *Social Democrats: 9 representatives | |||
| *No party: 7 representatives | |||
| *There was also a small number of representatives from ], including ]. | |||
| == |
==References== | ||
| <references /> | |||
| Since a real government did not exist in the ] province of ], the Armenian National Congress served as a government for the province.<ref name=Oksen>{{cite book|last=Teghtsoonian|first=Oksen Teghtsoonian ; Robert|title=From Van to Toronto : a life in two worlds|year=2003|publisher=IUniverse, Inc.|location=New York|isbn=9780595274154|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9F-kdzhwh7YC&dq|coauthors=editors, Christopher Teghtsoonian,}}</ref> According to ], the Congress was "the most comprehensive Eastern Armenian gathering since the Russian conquest of ]".<ref name="Hovannisian p.87"/> The immediate objectives of the Congress were to devise a strategy for the war effort, provide relief for refugees, and provide local autonomy for various Armenian-run institutions throughout the ].<ref name=Herzig /> The Congress also called for the militarization of the Caucasus front.<ref name=Marshall>{{cite book|last=Marshall|first=Alex|title=The Caucasus under Soviet rule|year=2008|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=9780415410120|pages=387|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=F0mlUS7rlhcC&dq|edition=1. publ.|accessdate=9 February 2013|page=86}}</ref> The Armenian National Congress supported the policies of the ] concerning the war, and also suggested redrawing provincial boundaries along ethnic lines.<ref>Hovannisian ''Republic'', pp.17-18</ref> The Congress was instrumental in the ] of Armenian schools and the nationalization of secondary Armenian schools.<ref name=Marshall /> | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| The Congress met for 18 sessions before it dissolved on {{OldStyleDate|26 October|1917|13 October}}.<ref>Ter-Minassian pp.33-34</ref> | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| ⚫ | {{DEFAULTSORT:Armenian Congress Of Eastern Armenians}} | ||
| ==Legacy== | |||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| Before dissolving, the Congress created a National Assembly of 35 members to act as a legislative body for Armenians in the Russian Empire.<ref>Ter-Minassian p.34</ref> It also created created an executive body of 15 members called the ], headed by ].<ref name=Derogy>{{cite book|last=Derogy|first=Jacques|title=Resistance and Revenge: The Armenian Assassination of the Turkish Leaders Responsible for the 1915 Massacres and Deportations|year=1990|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=9781412833165|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gpL9QKCJ2L8C&dq}}</ref><ref name=Kevork>{{cite book|last=Bardakjian|first=Kevork B.|title=A reference guide to modern Armenian literature, 1500-1920 : with an introductory history|year=2000|publisher=Wayne State Univ. Press|location=Detroit|isbn=9780814327470|pages=714|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=bR7hMqV3Ij0C&dq|coauthors=Bardakjian, with an introduction by Kevork B.|accessdate=9 February 2013|pages=263–264}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=J. Hacikyan|first=Agop|title=The Heritage of Armenian Literature From The Eighteenth Century To Modern Times.|year=2005|publisher=Wayne State Univ Pr|location=Detroit|isbn=9780814332214}}</ref> This council eventually declared independence for the ] in May 1918.<ref name="Adalian p.76"/><ref name=Herzig /><ref name=Derogy /> | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{reflist|2}} | |||
| {{Armenia-poli-stub}} | |||
| ==Sources== | |||
| *Richard G. Hovannisian ''Armenia on the Road to Independence'' (University of California, 1967) | |||
| *Richard G. Hovanissian ''The Republic of Armenia: The First Year 1918-19'' (University of California, 1971) | |||
| *Rouben Paul Adalian ''Historical Dictionary of Armenia'' (Scarecrow Press, 2010) | |||
| *Anahide Ter-Minassian ''La République d'Arménie 1918-20'' (Éditions Complexe, 2006 ed.) | |||
| ] | |||
| ⚫ | {{DEFAULTSORT:Armenian |
||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| ] | |||
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The Congress of Eastern Armenians was a congress established in late September 1917 with representatives drawn from all the political organisations and parties of Russian Armenia. There were around 200 delegates, of which 113 belonged to the Dashnak party.
The Council worked like a provisional government, with ministries of military, refugees, health and education. It was based in Yerevan. Its decisions were accepted as Armenian decisions; given the conditions it was the best "plenipotentiary" representative parlementery system of the eastern Armenians. It was a member of the Special Transcaucasian Committee.
It had the power to negotiate with the Ottoman Empire and the Central Powers and later the permanent executive committee selected by the congress declared the Democratic Republic of Armenia.
References
- Stephen F. Jones Socialism in Georgian Colors: the European Road to Social Democracy (Harvard University Press, 2005), page 259
See also
- Armenian National Council of Karabakh
- Armenian National Council of Baku
- Armenian National Council of Tiflis
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