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'''Gostinyi dvor''' ({{lang-ru|Гостиный двор}}) is a historic ] term for an indoor ], or ]. It is translated from Russian either as "Guest Court" or "Merchant Yard", although both translations are admittedly inadequate. Such structures, constructed in every large Russian town during the first decades of the 19th century, are fine examples of ]. '''Gostinyi dvor''' ({{lang-ru|Гостиный двор}}) is a historic ] term for an indoor ], or ]. It is translated from Russian either as "Guest Court" or "Merchant Yard", although both translations are admittedly inadequate. Such structures, constructed in every large Russian town during the first decades of the 19th century, are fine examples of ].


The term '''Gostiny Dvor''' may refer to:
==Notable examples==
There are various notable examples of gostinyi dvor.


* ], a network of fortified depots built in Arkhangelsk, Russia
=== Saint Petersburg ===
] in Moscow]] * ], the oldest and largest shopping centre in St. Petersburg, Russia
** ], a station on the Nevsko-Vasileostrovskaya line near the shopping centre
] in ]]]
* ], the best preserved complex of provincial Neoclassical trading arcades in Russia
]]]
* ], the Old Merchant Court in Moscow, Russia
] (1852-1854)]]
] in ]]] * ], the Neoclassical trade center in ], ]
]]]
] (1865—1867)]]
]]]
] in ]]]
]]]


{{Disambiguation}}
The name is commonly applied to the vast department store in ]. This ''gostiny dvor'' is not only the city's oldest and largest shopping centre, but also one of the first shopping arcades in the world.<!--http://books.google.com/books?q=%22One+of+the+oldest+shopping+arcades+in+the+world&btnG=Search+Books--> Sprawling at the intersection of ] and ] for over one kilometer and embracing the area of {{convert|53000|m2|sqft|abbr=on}}, the indoor complex of more than 100 shops took twenty-eight years to construct. Building works commenced in 1757 to an elaborate design by ], but that subsequently was discarded in favour of a less expensive and more functional ] design submitted by ] (1729–1800).


]
Throughout the following century, Gostiny Dvor was continuously augmented, resulting in ten indoor streets and as many as 178 shops by the 20th century. By that time, the Gostiny Dvor had lost its popularity to the more fashionable ] and ], situated on the Nevsky Prospekt nearby. During the post-] reconstructions, its inner walls were demolished and a huge shopping mall came into being. This massive 18th-century structure got a face-lift recently and entered the 21st century as one of the most fashionable shopping centres in ]. A nearby station of ] takes its name from Gostiny Dvor.
⚫ ]

⚫ ]
=== Moscow ===

The '''Old Merchant Court''' (Russian: Старый гостиный двор) in ] occupies a substantial portion of ], as the old merchant district is known. Formerly accommodating both shops and warehouses, it was constructed of brick in the 1590s and underwent significant modifications from 1638–41.<ref name="mosgd.ru">http://www.mosgd.ru/ru/mgd/history/</ref> As the Russian capital expanded and the old structure became overcrowded, a new indoor market was completed nearby in 1665.

], the favored architect of Catherine the Great, in 1789 replaced those medieval buildings with a new ] designed in a sober ] with innumerable ]s and arcades. Several local Moscow architects including S. Karin, I. Egotov and P. Selihov supervised the actual construction. The first phase of was delayed because of the death of ] and was not completed until 1805. ] made some modifications to adapt to the slope in the area and to finish following Quarenghi's original plans in 1830.

Subsequently, Quarenghi's structure went through many reconstructions. After the Revolution in 1923, the space was subdivided into offices altering the original design significantly.<ref name="mosgd.ru"/> Recently a modern glass roof in 1995 was installed, when Gostiny Dvor was being converted into a fashionable ] ground. Nowadays, the edifice is used as the setting for fashion shows, business parties, and even Viennese balls. ] and ] were among those who performed at the New Year parties in Gostiny Dvor.<ref>http://www.mosgd.ru/ru/mgd/</ref>

During the 1995 renovations, lots of archeological work was done on the site. A small museum was established to exhibit some of the numerous finds which include the contents of a pantry from a 17th century merchant home that had been destroyed by fire.<ref name="mosgd.ru"/> The exhibit hall is open daily, Monday through Saturday from 11 a.m. until 5 p.m.<ref>http://www.mosgd.ru/ru/for_visitors/services/index.php?id4=18</ref>

=== Arkhangelsk ===

The ''']''' (Гостиный двор) is a network of fortified ]s built on the ] promontory in ] by a team of German and Dutch masons between 1668 and 1684. Only the northern tower of the original structure and parts of the western wall facing the ] still stand.

In the 17th century Arkhangelsk handled more than half of the country's exports. The local merchant court was rebuilt in stone after the fire in May 1667. The complex consisted of the Russian and German courts (for native and foreign merchants, respectively) and the so-called Stone Town (Каменный город) wedged in between.<ref>http://www.sagen.at/doku/oksana/archangelsk_gruendung_ru_2.html</ref>

After ] ] and moved the capital to ], most foreign trade was rerouted and the Arkhangelsk trade center was abandoned.<ref>http://www.arhpress.ru/bizklass/2002/5/27/7-p.shtml</ref> In the 19th century the remaining buildings were used as a ]. The ] ] with a squat tower was added to the complex in 1788.<ref>http://dlib.eastview.com/browse/doc/20202598?enc=rus</ref>

By the mid-20th century many buildings had fallen into irreparable decay and were demolished. In 1981 the crumbling structure was adapted to house a local-history ]. Restoration has been underway since 1992. It is still delayed by lack of funds.

=== Kostroma ===

The '''Gostiny Dvor''' in ] is the best preserved complex of provincial ] ]s in ]. It was built on the site of the ancient Kostroma ] after the great fire of 1773.<ref name="kostroma"/> The complex comprises more than ten buildings constructed over a period of almost five decades.

The merchant court was designed by Charles Claire, although many other architects (including ]) modified the original design. The construction was supervised by the local Vorotilov family. Each arch was occupied by a separate shop or tavern. The ground floor was for trade, whereas the second and third storeys were for storage and general warehousing.<ref name="kostroma"/>

The centerpiece of the inner trade square is the five-domed Saviour church (1766) with a distinctive tall belltower. The white ]s flanking the main entrance were erected to commemorate a royal visit to the city in 1823.<ref name="kostroma">http://www.kostroma-online.ru/agr_torg.htm</ref>

== References ==
Bogdanov I.A. ''Bolshoi Gostiny dvor v Peterburge''. SPb, 2001.
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
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Revision as of 07:18, 22 February 2013

Gostinyi dvor (Template:Lang-ru) is a historic Russian term for an indoor market, or shopping centre. It is translated from Russian either as "Guest Court" or "Merchant Yard", although both translations are admittedly inadequate. Such structures, constructed in every large Russian town during the first decades of the 19th century, are fine examples of Neoclassical architecture.

The term Gostiny Dvor may refer to:

Topics referred to by the same term Disambiguation iconThis disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Gostiny Dvor.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Category: