Šajkača: Difference between revisions

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	{{Unreferenced\|date=December 2009}}

	{{Infobox\|title = Šajkača cap		{{Infobox\|title = Šajkača cap
	\|image = ]		\|image = ]
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	\|data4 = 18th-century Serbia.		\|data4 = 18th-century Serbia.
	\|header1 = Use		\|header1 = Use
	\|data2 = River flotilla headgear (18th century)<br>National symbol (~~Modern~~)		\|data2 = River flotilla headgear (18th century)<br>Military headgear (19th–20th century)<br/>] (modern)
	}}		}}

	The '''Šajkača''' (]: шајкача, {{IPA-sh\|ʃǎjkatʃa\|pron}}) is the ]n national ] or ].		The '''Šajkača''' (]: шајкача, {{IPA-sh\|ʃǎjkatʃa\|pron}}) is the ]n national ] or ].

	==History==		==History==
			].]]
			The Šajkača is the national hat of ].{{sfn\|Deliso\|2009\|p=97}} It is believed to have originated in the Serbian region of ] during the 18th century, when ] (Serb river troops in the service of the ]) guarded the ] and ] rivers against the ] and wore caps in the shape of an overturned ] ({{lang-sr\|Шајка/Šajka}}) boat. The cap gained prominence amongst Serbs at the time of the ], when the men of Serbian revolutionary ] began discarding their Turkish ] in favour of the Šajkača.{{sfn\|''Vesti Online''\|30 April 2010}}

			The Šajkača was seen as the typical cap of peasants from the ] region of Serbia,{{sfn\|Resić\|Plewa\|2002\|p=48}} and eventually acquired a dual-purpose: during times of peace it was worn in the countryside, and in wartime it became part of the standard Serbian military uniform.{{sfn\|Jovanović\|2000\|p=268}} During ], the cap was regularly worn by the soldiers of the ].{{sfn\|Jordan\|2008\|p=20}} Serbia was eventually overrun by a combined ], ] and ] invasion in 1915, and in 1916 the wearing of the Šajkača, alongside other Serbian folk attire, was outlawed by Bulgarian authorities in the wake of the Bulgarian occupation of southern Serbia.{{sfn\|Mitrović\|2007\|p=224}} During ], the Šajkača was the standard hat worn by Serbian ] irregulars in the ]-occupied ].{{sfn\|Denitch\|1996\|p=74}} It was also often worn by Bosnian Serb reservists and paramilitaries during the ] of the 1990s, and was later adopted by Bosnian Serb forces to be the official headgear of the ] (VRS).{{sfn\|Taylor\|2008\|p=143}}
	The Šajkača originated in the 18th century. It was originally worn by the Serbian river fleet as a military headgear (uniform) in the service of the ] (known as the ]) around the ] and ]s. These men conducted small-scale raids against the ], thus allowing Serb refugees from the ] to safely flee to the ]. The refugees copied the design of the hat and spread it widely within the Serbian community.

			==Modern use==
	] (1916-1918) wearing Šajkačas, note the officers' (around the center) ones have a peak.]]
			The 1999 ] saw ] chains in Serbia promote their products by distributing posters and lapels which depicted the Šajkača standing atop the golden arches of the McDonald's logo.{{sfn\|Ungson\|Wong\|2008\|p=211}} Today, the cap is commonly seen in rural villages across Serbia, ] and ], often worn by elderly men.{{sfn\|Deliso\|2009\|p=97}}

			==See also==
	The distinctive hat is recognisable by its top part which looks like the letter V or like the bottom of a boat (viewed from above). It gained wide popularity in the early 20th century as it became an official part of the Serbian military uniform in 19th century. It was initially worn only by soldiers, the officers wore contemporary French-style ]s but later wearing ]s, but after 1903. it became part of the standard officer's uniform as well (the officers' ones were modified with a peak). It would continue to be used by the ].
			*]

			==Notes==
	During ], it was shortly worn by Serbian members of the ] until it was replaced by ] cap for soldiers and ] for officers' parade uniform. During the Bosnian war, the hat was worn by ] military commanders and many volunteer units in the 1990s.
			{{reflist\|20em}}

	==~~Modern use~~==		==References==
			===Print===
	] with the Šajkača]]
			{{refbegin\|20em}}
			* {{cite web
			\| last = Deliso
			\| first = Christopher
			\| year = 2009
			\| title = Culture and Customs of Serbia and Montenegro
			\| publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group
			\| location = Westport, Connecticut
			\| isbn = 978-0-31334-436-7
			\| ref = harv
			}}
			* {{cite web
			\| last = Denitch
			\| first = Bogdan Denis
			\| year = 1996
			\| title = Ethnic Nationalism: The Tragic Death of Yugoslavia
			\| publisher = University of Minnesota Press
			\| location = Minneapolis, Minnesota
			\| isbn = 978-0-81662-947-3
			\| ref = harv
			}}
			* {{cite book
			\| last = Jordan
			\| first = David
			\| year = 2008
			\| title = The Balkans, Italy & Africa 1914–1918: From Sarajevo to the Piave and Lake Tanganyika
			\| publisher = Amber Books Ltd.
			\| location = London, United Kingdom
			\| isbn = 978-1-906626-14-3
			\| ref = harv
			}}
			* {{cite book
			\| last = Jovanović
			\| first = Goran
			\| editor1-last = Halpern
			\| editor1-first = Joel Martin
			\| editor2-last = Kideckel
			\| editor2-first = David A.
			\| year = 2000
			\| title = Neighbors at War: Anthropological Perspectives on Yugoslav Ethnicity, Culture, and History
			\| chapter = The Yugoslav War Through Cartoons
			\| publisher = Penn State University Press
			\| location = University Park, Pennsylvania
			\| isbn = 978-0-27104-435-4
			\| url = http://books.google.ca/books?id=EEBkON-ySQUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Neighbors+at+War:+Anthropological+Perspectives+on+Yugoslav+Ethnicity,+Culture,+and+History&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Dk38UcPYNbfJ4AOZ0oGYAQ&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Neighbors%20at%20War%3A%20Anthropological%20Perspectives%20on%20Yugoslav%20Ethnicity%2C%20Culture%2C%20and%20History&f=false
			\| ref = harv
			}}
			* {{cite book
			\| last = Mitrović
			\| first = Andrej
			\| year = 2007
			\| title = Serbia's Great War, 1914–1918
			\| publisher = Purdue University Press
			\| location = London, United Kingdom
			\| url = http://books.google.ca/books?id=CI5Wm8771EYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Serbia's+Great+War,+1914-1918&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Av3LUOChLorY2gXf4oDYBw&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAA
			\| isbn = 978-1-55753-477-4
			\| ref = harv
			}}
			* {{cite web
			\| author1-last = Resić
			\| author1-first = Sanimir
			\| author2-last = Plewa
			\| author2-first = Barbara Törnquist
			\| year = 2002
			\| title = The Balkans in Focus: Cultural Boundaries in Europe
			\| publisher = Nordic Academic Press
			\| location = Lund, Sweden
			\| url = http://books.google.ca/books?id=FS9pAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Balkans+in+Focus:+Cultural+Boundaries+in+Europe&dq=The+Balkans+in+Focus:+Cultural+Boundaries+in+Europe&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WlD8Ud69Dvit4AOl0IGQBg&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA
			\| isbn = 978-9-18911-638-2
			\| ref = harv
			}}
			* {{cite book
			\| last = Taylor
			\| first = Tony
			\| year = 2008
			\| title = Denial: History Betrayed
			\| publisher = Melbourne University Press
			\| location = Melbourne, Australia
			\| url = http://books.google.ca/books?id=m-FgN-K2zBYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Denial:+History+Betrayed&hl=en&sa=X&ei=pUj8Ubr_I8e14AOGuYCwCA&ved=0CDQQuwUwAA#v=onepage&q=Denial%3A%20History%20Betrayed&f=false
			\| isbn = 978-0-52285-907-2
			\| ref = harv
			}}
			* {{cite book
			\| author1-last = Ungson
			\| author1-first = Gerardo R.
			\| author2-last = Wong
			\| author2-first = Yim-Yu
			\| year = 2008
			\| title = Global Strategic Management
			\| publisher = M.E. Sharpe
			\| location = Armonk, New York
			\| url = http://books.google.ca/books?id=-Mv7U69x9mcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Global+Strategic+Management&hl=en&sa=X&ei=TTj8UdzWAc_F4AOYwoHACA&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Global%20Strategic%20Management&f=false
			\| isbn = 978-0-76562-897-8
			\| ref = harv
			}}
			{{refend\|20em}}

			===Web===
	Today it is commonly seen in rural villages across ], ] and ], often worn by elderly men.
			{{refbegin\|20em}}

			* {{cite news
	==See also==
			\| newspaper = Vesti Online
	*]
			\| date = 30 April 2010
	*]
			\| title = Šajkaču izmislili u Banatu
	*]
			\| url = http://www.vesti-online.com/Riznica/Filigran/49307/Sajkacu-izmislili-u-Banatu
			\| ref = {{sfnRef\|.27.27Vesti Online.27.27\|30 April 2010}}
			}}
			{{refend\|20em}}

	{{National symbols of Serbia}}		{{National symbols of Serbia}}

Revision as of 00:45, 3 August 2013

Šajkača cap
Use

River flotilla headgear (18th century) Military headgear (19th–20th century) National symbol (modern)
Origin
18th-century Serbia.

The Šajkača (Serbian Cyrillic: шајкача, pronounced [ʃǎjkatʃa]) is the Serbian national hat or cap.

History

The Šajkača is the national hat of Serbia. It is believed to have originated in the Serbian region of Banat during the 18th century, when Šajkaši (Serb river troops in the service of the Austrian Empire) guarded the Danube and Sava rivers against the Ottoman Turks and wore caps in the shape of an overturned Chaika (Template:Lang-sr) boat. The cap gained prominence amongst Serbs at the time of the First Serbian Uprising, when the men of Serbian revolutionary Karađorđe Petrović began discarding their Turkish fezzes in favour of the Šajkača.

The Šajkača was seen as the typical cap of peasants from the Šumadija region of Serbia, and eventually acquired a dual-purpose: during times of peace it was worn in the countryside, and in wartime it became part of the standard Serbian military uniform. During World War I, the cap was regularly worn by the soldiers of the Kingdom of Serbia. Serbia was eventually overrun by a combined Austro-Hungarian, German and Bulgarian invasion in 1915, and in 1916 the wearing of the Šajkača, alongside other Serbian folk attire, was outlawed by Bulgarian authorities in the wake of the Bulgarian occupation of southern Serbia. During World War II, the Šajkača was the standard hat worn by Serbian Chetnik irregulars in the Axis-occupied Kingdom of Yugoslavia. It was also often worn by Bosnian Serb reservists and paramilitaries during the Bosnian War of the 1990s, and was later adopted by Bosnian Serb forces to be the official headgear of the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS).

Modern use

The 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia saw McDonald's chains in Serbia promote their products by distributing posters and lapels which depicted the Šajkača standing atop the golden arches of the McDonald's logo. Today, the cap is commonly seen in rural villages across Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro, often worn by elderly men.

Notes

^ Deliso 2009, p. 97.
Vesti Online & 30 April 2010. sfn error: no target: CITEREFVesti_Online30_April_2010 (help)
Resić & Plewa 2002, p. 48.
Jovanović 2000, p. 268.
Jordan 2008, p. 20.
Mitrović 2007, p. 224.
Denitch 1996, p. 74.
Taylor 2008, p. 143.
Ungson & Wong 2008, p. 211.

References

Print

Deliso, Christopher (2009). "Culture and Customs of Serbia and Montenegro". Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-31334-436-7. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
Denitch, Bogdan Denis (1996). "Ethnic Nationalism: The Tragic Death of Yugoslavia". Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-81662-947-3. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)
Jordan, David (2008). The Balkans, Italy & Africa 1914–1918: From Sarajevo to the Piave and Lake Tanganyika. London, United Kingdom: Amber Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-906626-14-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Jovanović, Goran (2000). "The Yugoslav War Through Cartoons". In Halpern, Joel Martin; Kideckel, David A. (eds.). Neighbors at War: Anthropological Perspectives on Yugoslav Ethnicity, Culture, and History. University Park, Pennsylvania: Penn State University Press. ISBN 978-0-27104-435-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Mitrović, Andrej (2007). Serbia's Great War, 1914–1918. London, United Kingdom: Purdue University Press. ISBN 978-1-55753-477-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Resić, Sanimir; Plewa, Barbara Törnquist (2002). "The Balkans in Focus: Cultural Boundaries in Europe". Lund, Sweden: Nordic Academic Press. ISBN 978-9-18911-638-2. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Taylor, Tony (2008). Denial: History Betrayed. Melbourne, Australia: Melbourne University Press. ISBN 978-0-52285-907-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Ungson, Gerardo R.; Wong, Yim-Yu (2008). Global Strategic Management. Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-76562-897-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

Web

"Šajkaču izmislili u Banatu". Vesti Online. 30 April 2010.

National symbols of Serbia

Official symbols

Names and codes

Cultural icons

UNESCO

World Heritage Sites	Studenica Stari Ras and Sopoćani Gamzigrad Medieval Monuments in Kosovo Visoki Dečani Patriarchate of Peć Our Lady of Ljeviš Gračanica Stećci Mramorje (Perućac) Mramorje (Rastište) Grčko groblje (Hrta)
Intangible Cultural Heritage	Slava Kolo Singing to the accompaniment of the gusle Zlakusa pottery Social practices and knowledge related to the preparation and use of the traditional plum spirit of šljivovica Naïve painting practices of Kovačica
Memory of the World	Nikola Tesla Archive Miroslav Gospel Telegram of Austria-Hungary's declaration of war on Serbia 1st Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement Archives
Man and the Biosphere Programme	Nature park Golija-Studenica Gornje Podunavlje

Monuments and locations

People

Patron saints	Saint Sava
Fathers of the Nation	Karađorđe Miloš Obrenović
Depicted on Serbian dinar	Vuk Karadžić (Linguist) Petar II Njegoš (Poet) Stevan Mokranjac (Composer) Nikola Tesla (Inventor) Nadežda Petrović (Painter) Jovan Cvijić (Geographer) Đorđe Vajfert (Industrialist) Milutin Milanković (Geophysicist) Slobodan Jovanović (Jurist) Dositej Obradović (Intellectual) Ivo Andrić (Poet) Mihajlo Pupin (Physicist)

Fauna and flora