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2nd century BC: The Roman Empire conquered Illyria in 168 BC. The Central Balkans was prior to the Roman conquest held by Illyrians, Thracians and Celts, while the Kosovo region was specifically inhabited by the Triballi, a Thracian tribe.
87–27 BC: The Dardani settled in the southwest of Triballi area in 87BC. The Dardani were possibly a Thracian tribe of Illyrian influence. Dardanians were defeated by Gaius Scribonius Curio and the Latin language was soon adopted as the main language of the tribe as many other conquered and Romanized. Eastern Dardania was Thracian throughout Roman rule. The Thracian place names survives the Romanization of the region.
Ulpiana (later Byzantine Justiniana Secunda) is founded, most likely during the rule of Trajan. It was settled by Roman legionaries of unknown descent. The Romans colonized and founded several cities in the region.
Florus and Laurus, Constantinopolitan twin brothers that worked as stonemasons, are killed together with 300 fellow Christians after building a Church on the site of a Greek temple in Ulpiana. They were proclaimed Christians martyrs.
284: Emperor Diocletian established Dardania into a separate province out of territory of Moesia Superior with its capital at Naissus (Niš). However, in Ptolemy's Geographia (written in the 2nd century), Dardania is a separate unit.
4th century:
325: Bishops from Dardania and Macedonia Salutaris attend the Council of Nicaea, to deal with the Arian heresy.
343–344: Bishops from Dardania, New Epirus and Old Epirus attend the Council of Sardica.
5th century:
Christianity begins to spread throughout the region.
479: Ulpiana is destroyed. King Theodemir sent his son Theodoric the Great with 3,000 soldiers to destroy the city.
6th century:
517: A "great barbarian incursion".
518: Earthquake, destroying 24 strongholds in Dardania.
fl. 535–565: Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565) restorated Ulpiana, naming it Justiniana Secunda after founding Justiniana Prima in 535.
Slavs are mentioned in the Balkans during Justinian I rule (527–565), when eventually up to 100,000 Slavs raided Thessalonica. The Balkans was settled with "Sclaveni", in relation to the Antes which settled in Eastern Europe. Large scale Slavic settlement in the Balkans begins in the early 580s. The Slavs lived in the Sklavinia (lit. Slav lands).
fl. 893–927: the church in Sočanica is, at latest, built during the reign of Bulgar Simeon I. It was in use in the 11th and 12th centuries according to grave finds. In the reign of Grand Prince Uroš II, the site was known as Sečenica and was defended from the Byzantines from the newly built fortress at Galič, protecting the bridge over Ibar and the road to Ras. The site draws continuity with municipium Dardanorum.
1107 – The second wave of Normans arrival in Albanian territory
1108 – The departure of the second Norman wave from Albanian territory
Between 1166-1168: Nemanja, a Serbian royalty who held parts of Kosovo and southern Serbia proper, defeats his older brother and Serbian Grand Prince Tihomir at at Pantino (south of Zvečan), usurping the throne.
1190 ca – The first Illyrian state, the Principality of Arbanon was established (also known as “Arbëria”) by the Albanoi (List of ancient tribes in Illyria) tribe. This middle age population is known as the closest ancestors to modern Albanian and Kosovar population
1345–1371: Prizren acts as capital of the Serbian Empire.
1345: King of Serbia Stefan Dušan around Christmas 1345. at a council meeting in Serres, which was conquered on September 25, 1345, proclaimed himself "Tsar of the Serbs and Romans" (Romans is equivalent to Greeks in Serbian documents). The Serbian Orthodox Church becomes the Serbo-Greek Imperial Patriarchate, its spiritual capital being in Kosovo (Patriarchate of Peć).
Lazar Hrebeljanović, a Serbian magnate, becomes the most powerful of Serbian nobles. He conquers Priština, while his subordinate Đurađ I Balšić takes Prizren, which were held by Marko, the son of Vukašin. Lazar was born in Novo Brdo.
1372: Đurađ I Balšić takes Peć, stripping most of Marko's lands north of Šar mountain.
1375: In 1375 the Serb Patriarch was forced to send a delegation to Constantinopole to appeal for the lifting of the schism from the Serbian Orthodox Patriarchy that was established during the time of Dushan. In the last decade of the 14th century, Macedonia was already under Ottoman rule,
1378: Vuk Branković, a subordinate to Lazar, holds all of modern Kosovo after the death of Đurađ I Balšić.
28 June : At the Kosovo field, the Serbian army led by Prince Lazar and Duke Vlatko Vuković fights the larger Ottoman army at the Battle of Kosovo. Casualties on both sides were extremely high – both leaders Lazar and Ottoman sultan Murad I died, together with most of the Serbian aristocracy. The southern provinces of the Serbian Empire were now in Ottoman hands, save for the Central Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia, which would soon follow. The Battle has a notable place in Serbian history and culture.
1392: The Ottomans capture Skopje. Vuk Branković, remembered in epic tradition as a traitor who slipped away from the Battle of Kosovo, was forced to become their vassal. Stefan Lazarević followed suit.
1394: Stefan Lazarević participated in the Battle of Karanovasa as an Ottoman vassal.
1395: Stefan Lazarević participated in the Battle of Rovine as an Ottoman vassal. Vuk Branković refused to participate.
1396: The Battle of Nicopolis in 1396, widely regarded as the last large-scale crusade of the Middle Ages, failed to stop the advance of the victorious Ottomans. Vuk Branković refused to participate, and Bayezid I soon takes his lands and gives it to the Lazarević family, forcing Vuk to flee.
6 October 1397: Vuk Branković dies in exile.
XV
1402: Stefan Lazarević, Prince (r. 1389–1402), assumes the title of Despot (r. 1402–1427). This took place after the Ottoman state temporarily collapsed following Mongol emir Timur's invasion of Anatolia (Battle of Ankara). The Ottoman interregnum lasted until 1413, as Bayezid's sons fought over succession.
1402: In the feud between Ottoman vassal Đurađ Branković and his uncle Despot Stefan, Đurađ II Balšić sided with Stefan. Due to Đurađ II's support, Stefan defeated Ottoman forces led by Branković in the battle of Gračanica on the Kosovo field (21 June 1402) (.
1412 After the battle of Angora in 1402, Prince Stefan took advantage of the chaos in the Ottoman state. In Constantinople he received the title of despot, and upon returning home, having defeated Brankovic's relatives he took control over the lands of his father. Despite frequent internal conflicts and his vassal obligations to the Turks and Hungarians, despot Stefan revived and economically consolidated the Serbian state, the center of which was gradually moving northward. Under his rule Novo Brdo in Kosovo became the economic center of Serbia where in he issued a Law of Mines in 1412
1430 The whole of Macedonia was conquered by the Ottomans.
1439 the Ottomans captured Smederevo, Đurađ Branković's capital.
1443, the Ottoman army was defeated, at the Serbian town of Niš, by a crusade under a multi-national leadership which included the Hungarian hero János Hunyadi. At this point Skanderbeg, an Albanian nobleman who had been trained as a soldier in the Ottoman army, raised a rebellion from his family seat at Kruja.
1471: Serbian statehood continues in the territories of Vojvodina and Syrmia under the Hungarian vassal and titular Despot Vuk Grgurević (r. 1471–1485).
1878 (3–6 September) - Mehmed Ali Pasha, who was to overview the cession of the then-predominantly Albanian Plav-Gucia region to the Principality of Montenegro is killed during an attack undertaken by local committees of the League of Prizren.
1878 - November 27 - Planar meeting of the League of Prizren
1879 (Spring) - The journey of a (an Albanian) delegation headed by Abdyl Frashëri in major capital cities of Europe to protect the Albanian issues of territory
1880 (December) - Temporary Governance was announced in Prizren.
1912 (January — August) - During Albanian Revolt of 1912 rebels managed to capture almost whole territory of the Kosovo Vilayet including its seat Skopje.
1912 (April – May) - The armed struggles between Albanians and Ottoman forces in Kosovo
1912 (July) – Major cities in Kosovo fall into the hands of kosovar revolutionaries
1912 (4 September) - The Ottoman government ended the rebellion by agreeing to fulfill the rebels' demands which included establishing of the Albanian vilayet.
1912 – The Balkan Wars: the Kingdom of Serbia gains control of the larger part of Kosovo from the Turks (the smaller section going to Kingdom of Montenegro), recognised by 1913 Treaty of London. Within Serbia, the regions of the former vilayet are split into three minor subunits with only one part baring the name of Kosovo.
1912 (November 28th) – The independence of Albania is finalized
1918: Serbia's absorption of Montenegro followed by its unification with the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs to form the first incarnation of Yugoslavia takes the territories of Kosovo with it into the new entity (ratified in various treaties throughout 1919 and 1920).
The time period, 1919 - 1926 was characterized by massive migrations of Kosovars
1943 (September 16th) - The Second League of Prizren took place, led by Bedri Pejani ,
1944: The Democratic Federal Yugoslavia is created with the national boundary with Albania precisely as it had been prior to World War II.
1944 (January 2nd) – In the Assembly of Bujan, Kosovars declared that they are a political population and that they want to unite with Albania
1944 (October 5th) - The Fifth Brigade, and days later The Third Brigade of the Albanian army(UNÇSH), cross the state border to enslave Kosovo from enemy occupation
1944 (November 7th) - The liberation of Gjakova by the Albanian army
1944 (November 18th) - The final liberation of Dukagjin and Kosovo by the Albanian army
1946: Kosovo as a political unit resurfaces for the first time since 1912. Now named the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija, the new entity exists as an autonomous region within the Socialist Republic of Serbia but it only occupies a fraction of the territory which had been Kosovo prior to 1912: whilst a part of the former vilayet remained within Central Serbia, the other lands were placed in the newly created Yugoslav republics of Montenegro and Macedonia (both outside of and equal partners to Serbia).
The time period, 1952 - 1965 was characterized by massive migrations of Kosovars
1963: As a result of the new constitution, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is announced. Kosovo sees an increase in the level of self-rule.
1964 – 21,530 Kosovars emigrated to Turkey
1965 – 19,821 Kosovars emigrated to Turkey
1968 – A big wave of protests started in Kosovo and Europe (by Kosovars)
1981 (March) –Massive Albanian student protests in Prishtina Pristina, (see University of Prishtina, demanding the independence of Kosovo , ,
1981 – Population census (1,584,441 people were registered)
1981-(82) - Ali Shukriu was elected president of the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo
1982-(83) - Kolë Shiroka was elected president of the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo
1983-(85) - Shefqet Nebih Gashi was elected president of the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo
1985-(86) - Branislav Skemberavić was elected president of the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo
1986 – Slobodan Milošević became the leader of Serbia and seized control of Kosovo ,
1987 (24 April): As animosity between Serbs and Albanians in Kosovo had deepened during the 1980s, Slobodan Milošević was sent to address a crowd of Serbs in Kosovo Polje.
1989 - Slobodan Milošević drastically reduced Kosovo’s special autonomous status within Serbia and started cultural oppression of the ethnical Albanian population
1989 (June 28) - Slobodan Milošević led a mass celebration with hundreds of thousands (almost one million) Serbs in Gazimestan on the 600th anniversary of a 1389
1990 (July 2) – The (self-declared) Kosovo parliament declared Kosovo a republic in Yugoslavia
22 September 1991: – The (self – declared) parliament declared Kosovo an independent country, The Republic of Kosovo
1992 (May) – Ibrahim Rugova was elected president, during its run the Republic of Kosovo was recognized only by Albania, it was formally disbanded in 2000 after the Kosovo War
1996–1999: Clashes between the KLA and the security forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia intensify to become a full-scale war.
1998 (March 5th, 6th, 7th) – The Jashari family was slaughtered by Serbian forces, 64 members of the Jashari family killed, including at least 24 women and children (see Attack on Prekaz),
2004 (October) – Wide Kosovo elections were held which resulted in Ramush Haradinaj becoming prime minister, while Ibrahim Rugova retained his position as president
2006 (January 21st) –The first president of Kosovo, Ibrahim Rugova died and was succeeded by Fatmir Sejdiu ,
2006 (July) - First direct talks since 1999 between ethnic Serbian and Kosovar leaders on future status of Kosovo take place in Vienna.
2007 (February) - United Nations envoy Martti Ahtisaari unveils a plan to set Kosovo on a path to independence, which is immediately welcomed by Kosovo Albanians and rejected by Serbia.
2007 (November 17th) – Parliamentary elections were held which resulted in Hashim Thaçi becoming prime minister and Fatmir Sejdiu as president. Hashim Thaçi stated his intention to declare the independence of Kosovo
2009 (November) - First post-independence local elections
2010 (July 22nd) - International Court of Justice votes 10–4 in a non-binding advisory opinion that Kosovo's declaration of independence did not violate international law , ,
2010 (September) - President Fatmir Sejdiu resigns after court rules that he breached the constitution by staying in a party post while in office ,
2010 (October) - Caretaker president Jakup Krasniqi calls early general election for February 2011. Fatmir Sejdiu's Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK) pulls out of governing coalition.
2011 (February 22nd - March 30th) - Behgjet Pacolli becomes president after winning narrow majority in third round of voting in parliament. Hashim Thaçi is re-appointed as prime minister.
2011 (March) - Serbia and Kosovo begin direct talks to try end their dispute - their first talks since Kosovo broke away from Serbia.
2011 - President Pacolli steps down after the high court rules parliament had not been in quorum during his election. Parliament elects senior police officer Atifete Jahjaga to be Kosovo's first female president in April.
2013 January - EU-mediated talks resume between Kosovo and Serbia days after parliament in Belgrade approves support for minority Serb rights within Kosovo - de-facto recognition of Kosovar sovereign territorial integrity.
References
^ ,The Cambridge ancient history: The fourth century B.C. Volume 6 of The Cambridge ancient history, Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen Edwards, ISBN 0-521-85073-8, ISBN 978-0-521-85073-5, Authors: D. M. Lewis, John Boardman, Editors: D. M. Lewis, John Boardman, Edition 2, Publisher: Cambridge University Press, 1994 ISBN 0-521-23348-8, ISBN 978-0-521-23348-4.
The Journal of Hellenic Studies by Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. 1973. p. 79.
^ Wilkes, John J. Wilkes (1992). The Illyrians.
Fanula Papazoglu, "The central Balkan tribes in pre-Roman times: Triballi, Autariatae, Dardanians, Scordisci and Moesians", ISBN 90-256-0793-4, p. 265
Pannonia and Upper Moesia: a history of the middle Danube provinces of the Roman Empire, The Provinces of the Roman Empire Tome 4, ISBN 0-7100-7714-9, ISBN 978-0-7100-7714-1, 1974, p. 9
^ : "...the Triballi who were Bastarnae neighbours, and the Dardani living in their (Triballian) land."
Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992,ISBN 0-631-19807-5. p. 85: "... Whether the Dardanians were an Illyrian or a Thracian people has been much debated and one view suggests that the area was originally populated with Thracians who where [sic?] then exposed to direct contact with Illyrians over a long period..."
Adrian Keith Goldsworthy, Ian Haynes, Colin E. P. Adams, The Roman army as a community, ISBN 1-887829-34-2, 1997, p. 100
Hauptstädte in Südosteuropa: Geschichte, Funktion, nationale Symbolkraft by Harald Heppner, p. 134
Velimirovic, 1985–1986, no. 3, p. 209-210
Jan N. Bremmer, The apocryphal acts of Thomas, Peeters Publishers, 2001, ISBN 90-429-1070-4. p. 56
J. J. Wilkes, 1992, p. 210
Ronald Syme, Anthony Richard Birley: The provincial at Rome: and, Rome and the Balkans 80BC-AD14, p. 131
^ Robert Elsie: Historical Dictionary of Kosovo, p. 61
^ Selim Islami (1969). Historia e Popullit Shqiptar (Përgatitur nga një kolektiv punonjësish shkencorë të sektorëve të historisë së kohës së lashtë dhe të kohës së mesme) (in Albanian) (II ed.). {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
Wolfram, Herwig; Dunlap, Thomas J. (1990). History of the Goths. University of California Press. p. 269. ISBN0-520-06983-8.: "... Along the way the cities of Castrum Herculis-Kurvingrad Clisura, Ulpiana- Lipljan, Stobi near Gradsko, and Heraclea-Bitola, fell into his hands. ..."
^ Evans, 1883, p. 63
A History of the Later Roman Empire, AD 284–641: The Transformation of the Ancient World (Blackwell History of the Ancient World) by Stephen Mitchell, ISBN 1-4051-0856-8,2006,page 363,"... Procopius claimed that Justinian also improved the city walls of Ulpiana (modern Ljubljana), Serdica, Naissus, and Pautalia, and refurbished the forts ..."
Evans, 1883, p. 137
Hupchick, Dennis P. The Balkans: From Constantinople to Communism. Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. ISBN 1-4039-6417-3
Fine, 1991, p. 31
Janković Đorđe N., On the church of Raška in pre-Nemanjić times, Glasnik Srpskog arheološkog društva 2004, vol. 21, iss. 20, pp. 63–80, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philosophy
Constantine Porphyrogenitus de Administrando Imperio, ed. Gyula Moravcsik, p. 161
Relja Novakovic, Gde se nalazila Srbija od VII do X veka (Where Serbia was situated from the 7th to 10th centuries) , pp. 61–63.
Vojislav Korac, "Architecture In Medieval Serbia", Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Stephenson, Paul (2000). Byzantium's Balkan frontier: a political study of the Northern Balkans. p. 167. ISBN900-1204. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: length (help)
Fine, 1991, p. 225
The Serbs, p. 31
Ducellier (1999). pp. 780–781, 786. {{cite book}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
István Vásáry, Cumans and Tatars: Oriental military in the pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365, p. 100-101
A History of the Modern Middle East: 4th Edition. Westview Press. 2009. p. 82. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
Vickers, Miranda (1999). The Albanians: a modern history, Edition 3, revised, illustrated, reprint. I.B.Tauris. ISBN1-86064-541-0.
Schmitt;Frantz, Oliver Jens;Eva Anne (2009). Albanische Geschichte: Stand und Perspektiven der Forschung Volume 140 of Südosteuropäische Arbeiten. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag. p. 168. ISBN3-486-58980-6,978-3-486-58980-1. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Historia e Shqipërisë. Vëllim i dytë / Instituti i historisë Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë. Tiranë, Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë. 1984. p. 127.
^ Aleks Buda, Kristo Frashëri, (1979). Historia e Popullit Shqiptar II (Përgatitur nga një kolektiv punonjësish shkencorë të sektorëve të historisë të Institutit të Historisë dhe të Gjuhësisë. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
"Presidential candidate for Serbian LC named; Source: Belgrade home service 1800 gmt 21 February 1986". BBC Summary of World Broadcasts. 27 February 1986, Thursday. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
"BBC Summary of World Broadcasts". 30 May 1986, Friday. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
