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Pisgat Ze'ev (Template:Lang-he, lit. Ze'ev's Peak) is an Israeli settlement in East Jerusalem and the largest residential neighborhood in Jerusalem with a population of over 50,000. Pisgat Ze'ev was established by Israel as one of the city's five ring neighborhoods on land effectively annexed after the 1967 Six Day War. The international community considers Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

Pisgat Ze'ev is situated east of Shuafat and Beit Hanina, west of Hizma, south of Neve Yaakov, and north of 'Anata and the Shuafat refugee camp. The Israeli West Bank barrier includes Pisgat Ze'ev in the northern section of Jerusalem while excluding Shuafat refugee camp from the city by running in an S-shape here.

History

Antiquity

Archeological evidence shows that in the biblical period, the site encompassed small agricultural villages along routes north from Jerusalem to Nablus and the Galilee. The villages made use of varied water-catchment strategies and served the needs of Israelite Jerusalem, including as a major producer of wine and oil for use in the Temple in Jerusalem. Three ritual baths from the Second Temple period have been excavated in Pisgat Ze'ev.

The Byzantine period saw the villages' primary use shift from agriculture to service religious functions, such as churches and monasteries. A large monastery from the period was located at the site's highest point, Ras at-Tawill. The monastery was likely active from the end of the 5th century to the close of the 8th century, and included a mosaic-floored chapel above a burial cave, as well as an oil press and a cloth bag of 200 coins. An oven and pots from the Iron Age were also found nearby.

An archaeological site known as Deir Ghazali (the Deer Monastery) was also excavated in eastern Pisgat Ze’ev.

Overlooking the neighborhood is Tell el-Ful, believed to be the capital of the Tribe of Judah and site of the Israelite King Saul's palace. King Hussein of Jordan also began constructing a palace there.

Modern era

In the 1930s, plots of land were purchased near Hizme by European Jews for the establishment of a Jewish farming cooperative, Havatzelet Binyamin. Most of the landowners died in the Holocaust. The land was later expropriated along with Palestinian land to build Pisgat Ze'ev.

Pisgat Ze'ev was established in 1982 on land annexed to Israel after the 1967 Six Day War as one of the city's five ring neighborhoods, meant to create a contiguous Jewish link with Neve Yaakov in the city's north, which had been isolated from other Jewish areas. The original name proposal was "Pisgat Tal," based on the Arabic name of the hilltop where construction was to begin, Ras at-Tawill, but the final choice was Pisgat Ze'ev, after the Revisionist Zionist leader, Ze'ev Jabotinsky.

In May 2003, a public bus leaving the Pisgat Ze'ev terminus was blown up by a Palestinian suicide bomber. Seven people were killed in the attack and dozens were wounded. The police said the bomber boarded the bus disguised as a religious Jew, wearing a kippa and a prayer shawl. One of the victims was a resident of the Shuafat refugee camp, on his way to work at the Hadassah Medical Center in Ein Kerem.

Geography

v t e Jerusalem Light Rail Red Line
Legend
Neve Yaakov Yitzhak Tabenkin Mazal Keshet Moshe Dayan North Heil Ha-Avir Sayeret Dukhifat Pisgat Ze'ev Center Yekuti'el Adam Beit 'Hanina Shu'afat Es-Sahl Depot Giv'at Ha-Mivtar Ammunition Hill Shim'on Ha-Tsadik Shivtei Israel Damascus Gate City Hall Jaffa Center Ha-Davidka Mahane Yehuda Ha-Turim Central Bus Station Kiryat Moshe He-'Halutz Denia Square Yefeh Nof Mount Herzl Shmaryahu Levin Kiryat HaYovel West Mifletzet Park Henrietta Szold East Kiryat Menachem Ora Junction Medical School Hadassah Ein Kerem

The neighborhood was established on a hilltop known in Arabic as Ras at-Tawill, 772 meters above sea level, and its additional construction phases descend along the ridge and up to a neighboring hill. Pisgat Ze'ev has five districts: Center (1984), West (1988), East and North (1990), and South (1998). Pisgat Ze'ev is situated in north Jerusalem to the east of Shuafat and Beit Hanina, west of Hizma, south of Neve Yaakov, and north of French Hill, 'Anata and the Shuafat refugee camp. It is due east of the watershed on the edge of the Judean Desert.

Demographics

Many residents of Pisgat Ze'ev are Jerusalem families that left the city center in search of more affordable housing. Pisgat Ze'ev has a mixed population of religious and secular Jews. The construction of the Israeli West Bank barrier has also prompted Arabs to move to Pisgat Ze'ev.In 2007, 1,300 Arabs citizens were living in the neighborhood.I

Status under international law

The international community considers Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this. Israel disputes that the Fourth Geneva Convention applies to these territories as they had not been legally held by a sovereign prior to Israel taking control of them. This view has been rejected by the International Court of Justice and the International Committee of the Red Cross.

Schools and public buildings

With 40 percent of the residents under the age of 21, Pisgat Ze'ev has 58 kindergartens, 9 elementary schools, 2 middle schools and 3 high schools. There are also 22 synagogues and 2 libraries.

Transportation

Moshe Dayan Boulevard, beginning at Highway 1 (Israel) in the south and ending in Neve Yaakov in the north, is named after the famed Israeli Army general. It is Pisgat Ze'ev's major commercial thoroughfare, including many shops, eateries and the Pisga Mall. Many of the street names in Pisgat Ze'ev commemorate leading Israeli personalities such as Simcha Holtzberg, Moshe Rachmilewitz, Eliyahu Meridor and Meir Gershon. In the center of Pisgat Ze'ev, many streets are named for Israel Defense Forces units that fought in the country's wars such as Sayeret Duchifat Blvd., HaSayeret HaYerushalmit St., Sayeret Golani St. and Hel HaAvir St. A memorial for fallen soldiers is located in an archeological park in central Pisgat Ze'ev.

Street names

Moshe Dayan Boulevard, beginning at Highway 1 (Israel) in the south and ending in Neve Yaakov in the north, is named after the famed Israeli Army general. It is Pisgat Ze'ev's major commercial thoroughfare, including many shops, eateries and the Pisga Mall. Many of the street names in Pisgat Ze'ev commemorate leading Israeli personalities such as Simcha Holtzberg, Moshe Rachmilewitz, Eliyahu Meridor and Meir Gershon. In the center of Pisgat Ze'ev, many streets are named for Israel Defense Forces units that fought in the country's wars such as Sayeret Duchifat Blvd., HaSayeret HaYerushalmit St., Sayeret Golani St. and Hel HaAvir St. A memorial for fallen soldiers is located in an archeological park in central Pisgat Ze'ev.

Environmental projects

With the help of the Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel (SPNI), the residents of Pisgat Ze'ev transformed a 5-acre (20,000 m) site used as an illegal dumping ground into a wildflower sanctuary with over 55 species of trees and plants.

In 2011, an innovative water-recycling project was introduced at the ritual bath in Pisgat Ze'ev which will make it unnecessary to change the water every day. In 2011, rainwater collection tanks were installed at the Pisgat Ze'ev (West) school in a project designed to conserve water organized by the Green Network, which specializes in educational programming in ecology and the environment.

See also

• List of places in Jerusalem
• Kubur Bani Yisra’il
• Royal Palace, Tell el-Ful

References

1. ^ Andrew James Clarno, University of Michigan (2009). The empire's new walls: Sovereignty, neo-liberalism, and the production of space in post-apartheid South Africa and post-Oslo Palestine/Israel. ProQuest. ISBN 1-109-11520-2, 9781109115208. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
2. Pisgat Ze'ev at GoJerusalem.com
3. ^ "The Geneva Convention". BBC News. 10 December 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
4. ^ Pisgat Ze'ev Jerusalem Municipality
5. Second Temple Period Ritual Baths Adjacent to Agricultural Installations
6. Heritage conservation in Israel:Maintaining Antiquities Sites in the Western Part of the City
7. Much of Pisgat Ze'ev built on land bought by Jews who died in the Holocaust, Haaretz
8. "Jerusalem Neighborhoods: Pisgat Ze'ev". Jerusalem Municipality. 2009-07-13. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
9. Silver, Eric (2003-05-19). "Nightmare images from a Jerusalem commuter bus". The Independent. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
10. Sedan, Gil (2003-05-23). "Rich, poor, Arab, Jew — Terror kills without prejudice". Jweekly.com. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
11. Mitnick, Joshua (2006-05-08). "Jerusalem barrier prompts Arabs to move across town". The Washington Times. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
12. Holy city twist: Arabs moving into Jewish areas
13. The settlers' struggle BBC News. 19 December 2003
14. Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory International Court of Justice, 9 July 2004. pp. 44-45
15. Opinion of the International Court of Justice B'Tselem
16. ^ "Information about Jerusalem Street Names". Jurusalem Municipality. Retrieved 2012-02-03.Template:He icon Cite error: The named reference "streets" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
17. SPNI Jerusalem
18. 3Pisgat Ze’ev mikve to get recycled-water system in August
19. Conserving Rain Water in Jerusalem

External links

• Official website Template:He icon
• Jerusalem Photos Portal — Pisgat Ze'ev

31°49′30″N 35°14′30″E / 31.82500°N 35.24167°E / 31.82500; 35.24167

• Misplaced Pages neutral point of view disputes from April 2012
• Neighbourhoods of Jerusalem
• Israeli settlements