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Dzhokhar Tsarnaev (/ˌdʒɒˈx ˌtsˈnaɪ.ɛf/; born July 22, 1993) and Tamerlan Tsarnaev (/ˌtmərˈln/; October 21, 1986 – April 19, 2013) are the suspected perpetrators of the April 15, 2013, Boston Marathon bombings. The two bombs, detonated approximately 13 seconds apart, killed 3 people and injured 264 others. The brothers are also suspected of murdering MIT Police officer Sean Collier in Cambridge three days later while engaging in a shootout with police on the streets of Watertown, Massachusetts.

The brothers are thought by some officials to have been planning future attacks, based on a cache of weapons uncovered that included an arsenal of homemade explosives. ABC reported on April 23, 2013, that authorities believed Tamerlan may have been responsible for an unsolved triple homicide in Waltham, Massachusetts, around the 10th anniversary of the 9/11 attacks.

On April 22, Dzhokhar was charged with "using and conspiring to use a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death" and "malicious destruction of property resulting in death" in connection with the Boston Marathon attacks. He could face the death penalty if convicted.

Background

Tamerlan was born in the Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1986, and Dzhokhar was born in Kyrgyzstan in 1993. Their father Anzor Tsarnaev is a Chechen lawyer and their mother Zubeidat is an Avar. The Tsarnaevs also have two daughters Amina and Bella. The brothers were born into a Muslim family. Their father was a traditional Muslim who reportedly shunned religious extremism. As children, Tamerlan and Dzhokhar lived in Tokmok in Kyrgyzstan. In 2001, the family moved to Makhachkala, Dagestan, in the Russian Federation.

In April 2002, the Tsarnaev parents and Dzhokhar went to the United States on a 90-day tourist visa, and the father applied for asylum, citing fears of deadly persecution due to his ties to Chechnya. Tamerlan arrived on his own around 2004. In the U.S. the parents received asylum and then filed for their four children, who were given "derivative asylum status". In March 2007, the family was granted legal permanent residence in the U.S. The family settled in Massachusetts. Tamerlan lived in Cambridge on Norfolk Street until his death. Both of Tsarnaev’s parents received welfare benefits, and Dzhokhar and Tamerlan were recipients through their parents when they were younger.

The brother's parents Zubeidat and Anzor Tsarnaev divorced in 2011 after a 25-year marriage. The couple had no personal property or real estate to divide and listed no retirement or pension benefits. They gave the reason for their split as "irretrievable breakdown of the marriage" with "no chance of reconciling our differences." Anzor's move toward Islam was a factor in the breakdown of the marriage.

Dzhokhar Tsarnaev

Early life

Born in Kyrgyzstan, Dzhokhar (also spelled Djokhar) Tsarnaev emigrated with his family to the United States when he was 8 years old. He became a naturalized U.S. citizen on September 11, 2012. His brother's boxing coach, who had not seen them in a few years at the time of the bombings, said that "the young brother was like a puppy dog, following his older brother".

He graduated from the Cambridge Rindge and Latin School. He was an avid wrestler, captain of his high-school wrestling team, and a Greater Boston League Winter All-Star. During high school, he sometimes worked as a lifeguard at Harvard University. He graduated from high school in 2011. That year, the City of Cambridge awarded him a $2,500 scholarship.

At the time of the bombing, Dzhokhar was a sophomore at the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, with a major in marine biology, living in the school's Pine Dale Hall dorm. He was struggling academically, having received seven failing grades over three semesters, including Fs in Principles of Modern Chemistry, Introduction to American Politics, and Chemistry and the Environment. He had said that he hoped to become a dentist.

Dzhokhar was described as "normal" and popular among fellow students. His friends said he sometimes used marijuana, liked hip hop, and did not talk to them about politics. He volunteered in the Best Buddies program. Many friends and other acquaintances found it inconceivable that he could be one of the two bombers at first, calling it "completely out of his character". He was not perceived as foreign, spoke English well and fit in easily socially, being described by peers as " 'them'. He was 'us.' He was Cambridge."

In 2011, he contacted a professor at UMass Dartmouth who taught a class about Chechen history, expressing his interest in the topic. In 2012, Arlington Police ran a warrant check on Dzhokhar Tsarnaev and checked his green Honda when they were investigating a report of an underage drinking party in Arlington Heights.

On the Russian-language social-networking site VK, Dzhokhar described his "World View" as "Islam", and his personal priority as "career and money". He had posted links to Islamic websites, links to videos of fighters in the Syrian civil war, and links to pages advocating independence for Chechnya. Dzhokhar was also active on Twitter. On the day of the 2012 Boston Marathon, a year before the bombings, a post on his Twitter feed mentioned a Koran verse often used by radical Muslim clerics and propagandists.

2013 Boston Marathon bombings

Along with his brother Tamerlan, Tsarnaev is accused of perpetrating the Boston Marathon bombings on April 15, 2013.

After the bombings

Tsarnaev continued to tweet after the bombings, and sent a tweet telling the people of Boston to "stay safe". He returned to his university after the April 15 bombing and remained there until April 18, when the FBI released his pictures. During that time, he used the college gym and slept in his dorm; his friends said that he partied with them after the attacks and looked "relaxed".

MIT killing, carjacking, firefight, and manhunt

Tsarnaev and his brother are accused of murdering of an MIT Police officer April 18 on the MIT campus, before traveling to the Allston neighborhood of Boston and carjacking an SUV and robbing the owner. When police found the stolen SUV and a Honda being driven by the brothers in the early hours of April 19, the suspects engaged in a shootout with police in Watertown. Dzhokhar was wounded and escaped from police by driving the stolen SUV at the officers who were arresting his brother, allegedly driving over his brother in the process. He then fled on foot. An unprecedented manhunt ensued involving thousands of police and military officers. The Boston metro area was effectively shut down all day on April 19.

After Dzhokhar's name was published in connection with the bombings, his uncle Ruslan Tsarni, who lives in Montgomery Village, Maryland, pleaded with Dzhokhar through television to turn himself in "and ask for forgiveness", and said that he had shamed the family and the Chechen ethnicity.

Arrest

During the manhunt for him on the evening of April 19, Dzhokhar was discovered wounded in a boat in a Watertown backyard. David Henneberry, a resident who had left his home to smoke a cigarette, noticed that the cover on the boat was loose. He lifted the tarpaulin, saw a bloodied man, retreated into his house, and called 9-1-1. Three Boston police officers responded and saw the bloody suspect who popped up from the boat and started a rapid exchange of gunfire with the police.

Dzhokhar, who had been shot and was bleeding badly from gunshot wounds to his tongue and neck, as well as his leg, was taken into federal custody after a standoff. The authorities believed he had tried to kill himself, because the gunshot wound that went through his mouth and throat and exited the back of his neck appeared to be self-inflicted at close range.

He was taken to Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, where he was treated for severe injuries in the intensive-care unit. He was in serious but stable condition (updated to "fair" on April 23), and unable to speak because of the wound to his throat. He responded to authorities in writing and by nodding his head, though he did manage to say the word "no" when asked if he could afford a lawyer.

Charges, questioning, and confessions

On April 22, Dzhokhar was charged in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts. He was charged with "using and conspiring to use a weapon of mass destruction resulting in death" and with "malicious destruction of property resulting in death", both in connection with the Boston Marathon attacks. He could face the death penalty if he is convicted. He is to be prosecuted by Assistant U.S. Attorneys William Weinreb and Aloke Chakravarty, of the Anti-Terrorism and National Security Unit of the U.S. Attorney’s Office in Boston.

He is to be questioned by a federal High-Value Interrogation Group, a special counterterrorism group created to question high-value detainees, which will include members of the FBI, CIA, and Department of Defense. Initially, Dzhokhar was questioned without being read his Miranda rights, because the Justice Department invoked Miranda's public-safety exception. On April 22, he was read his Miranda rights by a federal magistrate, nodded his head to answer the judge's questions, and answered "no" when asked whether he could afford a lawyer.

Officials said, after initial interrogations, that it was clear the attack was religiously motivated, but that so far there was no evidence that the brothers had any ties to Islamic terror organizations. Officials also said that Dzhokhar acknowledged his role in the bombings and told interrogators that the U.S. wars in Afghanistan and Iraq motivated him and his brother to carry out the bombing.

Tamerlan Tsarnaev

Tamerlan Tsarnaev
Born	Tamerlan Anzorovich Tsarnaev (1986-10-21)October 21, 1986 Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Died	April 19, 2013(2013-04-19) (aged 26) Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Cause of death	pending
Citizenship	Russian
Occupation	Unemployed
Spouse	Katherine Russell (m. 2010)
Children	Zahara
Relatives	1 brother (Dzhokhar Tsarnaev), 2 sisters

Early life and education

Tamerlan Tsarnaev was born in 1986 in the Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which is in the North Caucasus, the Russian SFSR, in the Soviet Union, and was a Russian citizen. He also became a permanent resident of the U.S.

After arriving in the U.S. in 2002, he attended Cambridge Rindge and Latin High School. He applied for admission at the University of Massachusetts Boston for the fall of 2006, but was rejected. He attended Bunker Hill Community College part-time for three terms between 2006 and 2008, studying accounting with hopes of becoming an engineer. He dropped out of school to concentrate on boxing.

2008-2009

An aspiring heavyweight boxer, Tamerlan trained at the Wai Kru Mixed Martial Arts Center, a Boston club. In 2009 and 2010, he was the New England Golden Gloves heavyweight champion, winning the Rocky Marciano Trophy. In May 2009, he fought in the nationals in the 201-pound weight class, but lost a first-round decision.

During 2008 and 2009, he became a devout Muslim. He began to regularly attend the Islamic Society of Boston mosque near his home in Cambridge, a mosque described in USA Today and by Americans for Peace and Tolerance as teaching, "a brand of Islamic thought that encourages grievances against the West, distrust of law enforcement and opposition to Western forms of government, dress and social values."

His uncle, Ruslan Tsarni, said "he had been concerned about his nephew being an extremist since 2009" indicating that Tamerlan's radicalization started not during his visit to Russia in January 2012, but much earlier in Boston after he was heavily influenced by a Muslim ideologue. He said in a television interview: "Outside influences clearly 'brainwashed' Tamerlan, specifically an Armenian man who also lived in Cambridge and had recently converted to Islam. I was shocked when I heard his words, his phrases, when every other word he starts sticking in words of God … It wasn't devotion, it was something, as it's called, being radicalized." The individual was identified as Misha, who visited the household and talked to Tamerlan Tsarnaev for hours and was instrumental in eventually making him drop his interest in music and eventually leaving his boxing career. Misha's influence was also confirmed by Elmirza Khozhugov, Tamerlan's former brother-in-law. Khozhugov added that after his conversion, Tamerlan had huge influence on Dzhokhar and his sisters. According to him Tamerlan was idolized by his siblings. "You could always hear his younger brother and sisters say 'Tamerlan said this,' and 'Tamerlan said that'. Dzhokhar loved him. He would do whatever Tamerlan would say," he said.

He demanded that his girlfriend cover herself and convert to Islam, and would shout at her that she was a prostitute and a slut. He was arrested at his home at 410 Norfolk Street in Cambridge, on July 28, 2009, for aggravated domestic assault and battery, after allegedly assaulting his girlfriend. The woman had called 9-1-1 “crying hysterically” to report that she had been “beat up by her boyfriend”, according to the arrest report. His father remarked: "Because of his girlfriend, he hit her lightly, he was locked up for half an hour." The case was dismissed for lack of prosecution, and he therefore could not be deported for it, but his father attributed the delay in gaining citizenship to the incident.

2010

According to a 2010 photo essay about him in The Comment, the graduate student magazine of Boston University's College of Communications, Tamerlan said that he was working to become a naturalized citizen in time to be selected for the U.S. Olympic boxing team. He added that he would "rather compete for the United States than for Russia", while remarking that he "didn’t understand" Americans and did not have any American friends. He also said that he abstained from drinking and smoking, because "God says no to alcohol." He added: "There are no values anymore. People can't control themselves." Pro super middleweight Edwin Rodriguez, who fights at the much lighter weight of 168 pounds, sparred with Tsarnaev in 2010, and said that though Tsarnaev hit hard he lacked competitiveness and immediately complained of stomach pain and rib pain, and described him as arrogant but a coward. Tamerlan's landlord said that his boxing aspirations were never met, because: "His back was in really bad shape and he couldn't get into the Olympics." His coach and another boxer described him as talented, cool and arrogant.

According to an aunt in Dagestan, "He started to be really interested in Islam about three years ago , but he was never a radical."

Tamerlan dated Katherine Russell from North Kingstown, Rhode Island, on and off while she attended Suffolk University from 2007 to 2010. After a year at the university, she started wearing a hijab. In the Spring of 2010 Russell, who was then pregnant with Tsarnaev's child, dropped out of college in her senior year and they married on June 21, 2010. Raised Christian, she converted to Islam.

2011

In early 2011, the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) domestic intelligence security agency told the FBI that Tamerlan was a follower of radical Islam and a strong believer. The FSB said that he had changed drastically since 2010, and was preparing to leave the United States to travel to the Russian region to join unspecified underground groups. The FBI initially denied that it had contacted Tsarnaev, but then revealed that it had, after Tsarnaev's mother talked about the FBI's contacts with her son with RT. The FBI said that it interviewed him and relatives of his, but did not find any terrorist activity, and that it provided the results in the summer of 2011. At that point, the FBI asked the FSB for more information, but the Russians did not respond to the American request, and the FBI officially closed the case. His mother said that FBI agents had told her they feared Tamerlan was an "extremist leader," and that he was getting information from "extremist sites". She said that Tamerlan had nevertheless been under FBI surveillance for at least three years and that "they were controlling every step of him." The FBI flatly denied this accusation. At some point he applied for U.S. citizenship, but Homeland Security held up its being granted to him because of a record of a 2011 FBI interview of him.

2011 Waltham murders

Three Jewish men, Brendan Mess, Erik Weissman, and Raphael Teken were killed in a triple homicide in Waltham, Massachusetts, on September 11, 2011, on the 10-year anniversary of the September 11 attacks. All had their throats slit, marijuana and money were left covering their bodies, and $5,000 was left at the scene. The local district attorney said that it appeared that the killer and the victims knew each other. ABC reported on April 23, 2013, that authorities now believe Tamerlan may have been responsible for the triple homicide and have reopened the investigation.

2012–2013

Tamerlan traveled to Russia in January 2012. During the six months he was overseas, he visited the North Caucasus, including Dagestan and Chechnya, an area of separatist movements, ethnic rivalries, extremist Islamic ideology, and a "hotbed" of militant Islamic activity. House Homeland Security Chairman Michael McCaul said he believed that Tamerlan had received training during the trip, and had become radicalized. His father said that he was with him in Makhachkala, Dagestan, for six months and that they had done ordinary things, such as visiting relatives. However, Tamerlan was seen by Dagestan police engaging in surveillance making six visits to a known Islamic militant in a Salafi mosque in Makhachkala. According to some media reports, during the trip Tamerlan was "hardening his ties to radical Islamists at a radical mosque". His father also said that Tamerlan and he visited Chechnya twice to visit their relatives living there during Tamerlan's stay.

His returned to the United States on July 17, 2012, with a long, thick beard. His life took on an "increasingly puritanical religious tone" with "Islamist certainty". He appeared, to some family members, to have become an "extremist".

After he came back, he created a YouTube channel with playlist links to two videos which were tagged under a category labeled "Terrorists", including one to Islamic militant Abu Dujana; the videos were later deleted. CNN and the SITE Institute found a screen grab of one of the videos, which featured members of the militant Islamist group Caucasus Emirate from the North Caucasus. He also linked to jihadi videos on Youtube, including ones by a radical cleric Feiz Mohammad; in one video, voices can be heard singing in Arabic as bombs explode. He frequently read extremist sites, including al-Qaida's Yemen affiliate's Inspire online magazine.

Tamerlan was pulled over by police in Boston, Brookline, and Cambridge at least nine times in 4 years. The source does not state which years these were exactly. Tamerlan, his wife Katherine, and their child were receiving state welfare benefits as late as 2012, but not at the time of the Marathon Bombings in April 2013. Katherine's lawyer said that at the time of the bombing, Tamerlan was unemployed and helping take care of their daughter, while Katherine worked over 70 hours a week as a home health care aide, to support her family.

In January 2013, Tamerlan disrupted a Martin Luther King, Jr. Day sermon at a mosque in Cambridge. He objected to the speaker's comparison of the Prophet Muhammad to Martin Luther King, Jr. Tamerlan was shouted down by the congregation and was later asked not to return to the mosque unless he was willing to refrain from shouting during sermons. The mosque said Tamerlan had also disrupted a sermon before.

2013 Boston Marathon bombings

With his brother, Tamerlan is accused of perpetrating the Boston Marathon bombings on April 15, 2013, and on April 18 of killing of an MIT Police officer, and carjacking.

Death

Tamerlan became involved in a shootout in the early hours of April 19, 2013 in Watertown, a suburb of Boston. He was shot by police and captured but than he was struck by a stolen SUV driven by brother Dzhokhar and dragged underneath the vehicle for 20 feet (6.1 m). He was taken unconscious to Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center where, after efforts to revive him by emergency medical personnel, he was pronounced dead from massive blood loss and cardiac and respiratory arrest.

The parents of his wife, Katherine Russell, released a statement saying: "Our daughter has lost her husband today, the father of her child. We cannot begin to comprehend how this horrible tragedy occurred. In the aftermath of the Patriot's Day horror, we know that we never really knew Tamerlan Tsarnaev. Our hearts are sickened by the knowledge of the horror he has inflicted."

See also

• Misha: Armenian
• Lone wolf (terrorism)
• Mohamed Osman Mohamud, Somali-American arrested for the 2010 Portland car bomb plot
• Eric Rudolph, American who was convicted of the 1996 Centennial Olympic Park bombing, a similar deadly terrorist attack on an urban sporting event
• Faisal Shahzad, Pakistani-American who confessed to the 2010 Times Square car bombing attempt, which included a pressure cooker bomb
• Najibullah Zazi, Afghan-American U.S. resident and al-Qaeda member, pleaded guilty in 2010 to planning bombings of New York City subway

Notes

1. ^ Template:Lang-ru, Тамерла́н Анзо́рович Царна́ев. Template:Lang-ce  NOTE: The previous text is in Cyrillic. See Help:Multilingual support for help installing the correct fonts.

• Criminal justice
• Islam
• Massachusetts
• United States

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External links

• Tsarnaev Family

• Current events from April 2013
• Ill-formatted IPAc-en transclusions
• Avar people
• Chechen people
• Islamist terrorism in the United States
• Sibling duos